一、工夫紅茶有哪些品種
中國工夫紅茶品類多(duo)、產地廣(guang)。按地區命名的有滇紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、祁門(men)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、浮(fu)梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、寧紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、宜紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、湘(xiang)江工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、閩紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(含坦洋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、白琳工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、政和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu))、川紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、越紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、臺灣(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、江蘇工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)及粵紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)等。按品種又(you)分為大葉(xie)(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)和小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。大葉(xie)(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶(cha)是以(yi)喬木(mu)或(huo)半(ban)喬木(mu)茶(cha)樹鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)制成;小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶(cha)是以(yi)灌木(mu)型小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)種茶(cha)樹鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)為原料制成的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶(cha)。
二、工夫紅茶的品質特征
工夫紅茶的品質特點是外形條索細緊,色澤烏潤。沖泡后,湯色、葉底紅亮,香氣馥郁,滋味甜醇。因采制地區不同,茶樹品種有異,制作技術不一,因而,又有祁紅、滇紅、寧紅、川紅、閩紅、湖紅、越紅之分,每種紅茶都有其獨特之處!
1、祁紅
祁門紅茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),中國歷史名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。著名紅茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)精品,簡稱(cheng)祁紅,產于安(an)徽省祁門、東至(zhi)、貴池、石臺、黟縣,以及江西的浮(fu)梁一帶(dai)。“祁紅特絕群(qun)芳最,清譽(yu)高(gao)香(xiang)不二門。”祁門紅茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)是紅茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)中的極品,享有(you)盛譽(yu),是英國女(nv)王(wang)和王(wang)室(shi)的至(zhi)愛飲品,高(gao)香(xiang)美(mei)譽(yu),香(xiang)名遠播,美(mei)稱(cheng)“群(qun)芳最”、“紅茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)皇后”。
2、滇紅
滇(dian)紅(hong)(hong)茶是云南紅(hong)(hong)茶的統(tong)稱,分為滇(dian)紅(hong)(hong)工夫茶和滇(dian)紅(hong)(hong)碎(sui)茶兩種。
滇紅工夫:茶(cha)芽葉肥壯(zhuang),金毫(hao)顯露,湯色紅艷,香(xiang)氣高醇(chun),滋(zi)味(wei)濃(nong)厚(hou)。
滇(dian)紅(hong)碎(sui)茶(cha):又稱滇(dian)紅(hong)分級茶(cha),其外(wai)形(xing)均(jun)勻,色(se)澤烏潤(run),滋味濃烈(lie),香氣鮮銳(rui),湯色(se)紅(hong)亮。
3、寧紅
寧紅(hong)工夫茶我國獨特(te)的傳統功夫茶之一。以(yi)(yi)其特(te)有的風格而稱(cheng)譽于世,素以(yi)(yi)條索緊結秀麗(li)、金毫顯露、鋒苗挺拔、色(se)澤烏潤、香高持久、葉底紅(hong)亮、滋(zi)味濃薄和鮮爽而馳名中(zhong)外。
4、閩紅
閩紅工(gong)夫(fu)茶系(xi)政和工(gong)夫(fu)、坦洋工(gong)夫(fu)和白(bai)琳工(gong)夫(fu)的統(tong)稱(cheng),均(jun)系(xi)福建特產(chan)。三種(zhong)工(gong)夫(fu)茶產(chan)地不(bu)同(tong)、品種(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)、品質風格不(bu)同(tong),但各自(zi)(zi)擁有自(zi)(zi)己的消費愛好者,盛興百年而不(bu)衰。
(1)政和工夫
政(zheng)和(he)功(gong)夫(fu)是“閩(min)紅(hong)”三大功(gong)夫(fu)之(zhi)一(yi),政(zheng)和(he)工夫(fu)產(chan)于閩(min)北,以政(zheng)和(he)縣為主(zhu),松溪以及浙江的(de)(de)慶元(yuan)地區所(suo)(suo)產(chan)紅(hong)毛茶,亦(yi)集(ji)中政(zheng)和(he)加工。基本(ben)制法源于武夷“正山(shan)小(xiao)種(zhong)”而又有所(suo)(suo)改(gai)進(jin),原料產(chan)地環境與(yu)茶樹品種(zhong)也與(yu)正山(shan)小(xiao)種(zhong)有所(suo)(suo)不同,因而形成(cheng)自己的(de)(de)獨特風格(ge)。成(cheng)品茶條索(suo)肥(fei)壯重實、勻(yun)齊,色澤烏黑油潤,毫芽顯露金黃色,頗(po)為美觀;香(xiang)氣濃郁(yu)芬芳,隱約之(zhi)間頗(po)似紫羅蘭香(xiang)氣,湯色紅(hong)艷,滋味醇厚。
(2)坦洋工夫
坦洋(yang)工夫(fu)是“閩紅(hong)”三大功夫(fu)之(zhi)一,曾以產地(di)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)最廣,產量、出口量最多而名列“閩紅(hong)”之(zhi)首。坦洋(yang)工夫(fu)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)較(jiao)廣,主產福(fu)安(an)、拓榮、壽寧、周寧、霞浦及屏南北(bei)部等地(di)。有“紅(hong)衣(yi)佳人”美稱的坦洋(yang)工夫(fu)紅(hong)茶(cha),其外形條索(suo),緊結圓直,色(se)澤烏潤,茶(cha)毫(hao)細細,略顯(xian)金黃,香(xiang)氣高爽,湯色(se)明亮,滋味醇厚,適(shi)于清飲。也可(ke)調成檸檬茶(cha)、奶茶(cha)、玫(mei)瑰紅(hong)茶(cha)、冰(bing)紅(hong)茶(cha),還(huan)可(ke)以用(yong)濃(nong)香(xiang)型的高度(du)醇酒(jiu)調配(pei)成奶酒(jiu)茶(cha)。
(3)白琳工夫
白(bai)琳工(gong)夫產于福鼎縣(xian)(xian)太(tai)姥山(shan)白(bai)琳、湖林一帶(dai)。以主產地福鼎白(bai)琳命名,其(qi)以高超(chao)的純手(shou)工(gong)制作技(ji)藝和獨特、優秀的產質,其(qi)外形條索細長彎(wan)曲(qu),茸(rong)毫多呈(cheng)顆粒絨球狀,色澤黃黑,內質湯色淺亮,香氣鮮(xian)純有毫香,味清(qing)鮮(xian)甜和,葉(xie)底鮮(xian)紅(hong)帶(dai)黃。曾與(yu)福安縣(xian)(xian)“坦(tan)洋工(gong)夫”,政和縣(xian)(xian)“政和工(gong)夫”并列為“閩紅(hong)三大工(gong)夫茶(cha)”而馳名中外。
5、湖紅
主產湖南省安化、桃源(yuan)、漣源(yuan)、邵陽、平江、瀏陽、長沙等縣市(shi)。湖紅(hong)工夫以(yi)安化工夫為代表,外(wai)形條索緊結尚肥實,香氣高(gao),滋(zi)味醇(chun)厚,湯色濃,葉(xie)底(di)紅(hong)稍暗。平江工夫香高(gao),但欠(qian)勻凈。
6、越紅
越紅工夫系浙江省出產的工夫紅茶,以條索(suo)緊結挺直,得(de)實勻齊,鋒(feng)、苗(miao)、顯,凈度高(gao)的(de)優(you)美外(wai)形(xing)稱著。越(yue)紅(hong)工(gong)夫茶索(suo)緊細挺直,色(se)澤烏潤(run),外(wai)形(xing)優(you)美,內質香味純正,湯色(se)紅(hong)亮較淺,葉底稍暗(an)。越(yue)紅(hong)毫色(se)銀白(bai)或灰白(bai)。
7、粵紅
粵紅工夫,產于廣東,最著名的產地是英德,又以英紅九號最為知名。它是英(ying)(ying)德紅茶和阿(a)薩姆種(zhong)的雜交產物,而英(ying)(ying)德紅茶,又是云南大葉種(zhong)和廣東(dong)鳳凰單(dan)叢群體種(zhong)的交雜后代,所以英(ying)(ying)紅九號有大葉種(zhong)茶的特點,滋味濃(nong)厚,加了糖和奶后,味道更(geng)佳。
8、蘇紅
江蘇紅茶,亦稱“蘇紅”、“宜興紅茶”,產于江蘇宜興,經常被誤稱為“宜紅”。宜興紅(hong)(hong)茶(cha),采(cai)摘小葉(xie)種茶(cha)樹制作,條索緊結,色澤烏潤,湯(tang)色紅(hong)(hong)亮,甜香芬芳,滋味醇厚,葉(xie)底紅(hong)(hong)亮多嫩莖。
9、川紅
川紅,產于四川省宜賓市等地,創制于20世紀50年代,比滇紅更晚。川紅問世(shi)以來,在國際市場(chang)上(shang)享有較高(gao)的(de)聲譽,多年來暢銷蘇聯、法國、英國、德(de)國及(ji)羅馬尼亞等國,堪稱中(zhong)國工夫紅茶的(de)后(hou)起之(zhi)秀(xiu)。條索肥壯圓(yuan)緊、顯金毫、色(se)澤烏黑油潤、香氣清鮮帶枯糖香,滋(zi)味醇厚鮮爽,湯色(se)濃亮,葉底(di)厚軟紅(hong)勻。
10、宜紅
宜紅工夫,主產于湖北鄂西山區的宜昌、恩施兩地區,起源于19世紀中葉,至今有百余年歷史。條(tiao)索緊細(xi)有毫,色(se)(se)澤烏潤,香氣甜純,滋味醇厚,湯(tang)色(se)(se)紅亮,葉(xie)底(di)柔軟。宜(yi)紅(hong)工夫,簡稱宜(yi)紅(hong),容易混淆(xiao)成江蘇(su)宜(yi)興紅(hong)茶。