一.產品介紹
向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)是(shi)甘(gan)南(nan)縣的(de)特產(chan)(chan)。古籍記(ji)(ji)載向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)約(yue)在(zai)明朝(chao)時引入中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo),如今所知最(zui)早記(ji)(ji)載向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)的(de)文獻為(wei)明朝(chao)人王象晉(jin)所著《群芳譜》。該書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)尚無“向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)”一名(ming),只在(zai)“花(hua)(hua)譜三菊”中(zhong)(zhong)附“丈(zhang)菊”之(zhi)稱,原文如下:“丈(zhang)菊-名(ming)本番菊-名(ming)迎陽花(hua)(hua),莖長丈(zhang)余,稈堅粗如竹,葉類麻,多直(zhi)生,雖有分枝(zhi),只生一花(hua)(hua)大(da)如盤盂,單(dan)瓣色黃心皆作(zuo)窠如蜂房狀,至秋漸紫黑而堅,取其子中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)甚易生”。“向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)”之(zhi)名(ming),見于文震亨《長物(wu)志》。早在(zai)十九世(shi)紀50年(nian)代甘(gan)南(nan)縣已有了葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)的(de)種植(zhi)(zhi),到二十世(shi)紀50、60年(nian)代開(kai)始了大(da)面積種植(zhi)(zhi)。2005年(nian)總播(bo)種面積達(da)到了80萬(wan)畝,占全省食(shi)用(yong)向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)種植(zhi)(zhi)面積的(de)1/3,占全國(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)用(yong)向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)種植(zhi)(zhi)面積的(de)1/10,總產(chan)(chan)達(da)2.4億(yi)(yi)斤(jin),銷售(shou)收入4.8億(yi)(yi)元,是(shi)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)大(da)的(de)食(shi)用(yong)向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)和銷售(shou)集散地(di)(di)。2000年(nian)8月,甘(gan)南(nan)縣被中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特產(chan)(chan)之(zhi)鄉組(zu)委會命(ming)名(ming)為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)之(zhi)鄉”,2002年(nian)以齊齊哈爾港聯公司加工(gong)企業(ye)為(wei)主體的(de)4萬(wan)畝向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)加工(gong)原料基地(di)(di)通過國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)綠色食(shi)品發展中(zhong)(zhong)心認證為(wei)A級(ji)綠色食(shi)品,2011年(nian)甘(gan)南(nan)葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)籽被核定為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志保護產(chan)(chan)品,更將甘(gan)南(nan)縣“向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)之(zhi)鄉”美譽(yu)名(ming)揚四海(hai)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情況:甘南(nan)縣(xian)地(di)(di)勢北部、西部為丘陵漫崗(gang)區(qu),以黑土(tu)為主(zhu), 東部及南(nan)部為平(ping)原(yuan)區(qu),土(tu)壤主(zhu)要有草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)、暗棕壤、黑鈣(gai)土(tu),以草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)面積較多,以中性粘(zhan)土(tu)和砂(sha)壤質(zhi)草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)為主(zhu),有機質(zhi)含(han)量3.6%一4%,PH值在6.0—8.0之間,土(tu)壤含(han)鹽量0.3%以下,肥力(li)中等偏上(shang)。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang):甘南縣屬嫩江和阿(a)音河谷沖(chong)積平(ping)原,地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)較豐富,主要是砂礫(li)石層(ceng)及亞粘土的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛水(shui)(shui),地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)含水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)厚度30~50米(mi)(mi)(mi),埋深(shen)(shen)(shen)3~5米(mi)(mi)(mi),降深(shen)(shen)(shen)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)井日出水(shui)(shui)量(liang)2000~4000噸(dun)。全縣主要流(liu)(liu)域有一江三河,即嫩江、音河、阿(a)倫河、諾敏(min)河。多年(nian)平(ping)均徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)深(shen)(shen)(shen)為60mm,徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)2,88億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),加之(zhi)界外徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)進入我縣蓄(xu)存,地(di)表水(shui)(shui)總(zong)量(liang)9.67億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),可利(li)用(yong)量(liang)8.9億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),地(di)下(xia)(xia)總(zong)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)7.10立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),可開采量(liang)5.37億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。沿岸土壤較肥沃,是發展種(zhong)植業(ye)和牧(mu)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好基地(di)。 按照《農用(yong)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)環境質量(liang)監測(ce)技術規范》(NY5332-2006)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求,對(dui)產(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)灌溉(gai)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)進行(xing)監測(ce),評價結(jie)果表明,葵花產(chan)地(di)灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)所監測(ce)項目檢測(ce)值均未見超(chao)標,判定灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)質合格。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:葵花(hua)種(zhong)植區(qu)屬(shu)中溫(wen)(wen)帶大(da)陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)為455毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為2.6℃,日(ri)照時數為2600~2900小時,無霜期為125~145天(tian)(tian)。有效(xiao)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)為2682.8℃,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da),利于農作(zuo)物(wu)碳(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化合物(wu)和(he)蛋白質的(de)合成,光熱資源充足(zu),是黑龍江省(sheng)熱量(liang)(liang)最(zui)好(hao)的(de)地區(qu)之一。該氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特點為葵花(hua)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育提供了極(ji)其有利的(de)條件。 四季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特點是: 春季(ji)(3—5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue))回暖快,降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)少(shao),多(duo)大(da)風,易干旱(han)。三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為零(ling)下5.8℃,五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份13.5℃,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)每月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)升溫(wen)(wen)10度左右。3—5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)49.2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),占年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)10.8%。 夏季(ji)(6-8)溫(wen)(wen)熱多(duo)雨(yu)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)21.8℃,最(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue))平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)27.3℃, 平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)28℃。全(quan)季(ji)日(ri)最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)≥30℃日(ri)數,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為19天(tian)(tian)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang) 雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)324.4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)達146.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。 秋(qiu)季(ji)(9—10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue))降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)明顯,秋(qiu)霜早(zao),降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)偏少(shao)多(duo)晴(qing)天(tian)(tian)。10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)3.7℃,與9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)13.1℃相比,降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)10度左右。9—10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)69.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),占年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)15.3%。 冬(dong)季(ji)(11—2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue))嚴(yan)寒漫長(chang)(chang),少(shao)雪(xue)干燥。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初大(da)地封凍,嚴(yan)冬(dong)到來(lai),冬(dong)季(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)零(ling)下14.7℃,最(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue))平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)零(ling)下19.2度,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)零(ling)下24.5℃,全(quan)季(ji)日(ri)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)≤零(ling)下30℃日(ri)數平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為6天(tian)(tian),11-2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)1.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),僅占年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)2.6%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為1499.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),是降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)3.3倍。五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)是降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)7倍。毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為113.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),主(zhu)要降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)集中在6-9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份,占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)83%,年(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為1499.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),是降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)13倍,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)4.1。
(4)人(ren)文(wen)歷史情(qing)況:甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)位于黑龍江(jiang)省西北部(bu),大興安嶺南(nan)(nan)(nan)麓(lu)與松嫩平原過(guo)(guo)渡地帶,是一(yi)個以(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)份,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家扶貧工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)重點縣(xian)(xian)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)幅員(yuan)面積4792平方公里,耕地面積278萬畝,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)37萬人(ren)口(kou),其(qi)(qi)中農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)口(kou)24萬。早在(zai)十九世(shi)(shi)紀50年(nian)(nian)(nian)代已有(you)了(le)(le)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),到二十世(shi)(shi)紀50、60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代開始了(le)(le)大面積種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)上(shang)有(you)著傳統的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)習(xi)慣,并(bing)(bing)積累了(le)(le)豐富的(de)(de)(de)經驗。長期以(yi)(yi)來(lai),甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)始終把(ba)選擇適宜我縣(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),并(bing)(bing)能有(you)效抗御自(zi)(zi)然風(feng)險和市場風(feng)險的(de)(de)(de)優勢作(zuo)(zuo)物和優勢品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加快農村經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項重要工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)來(lai)抓。經過(guo)(guo)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)實踐,我縣(xian)(xian)確定發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)導(dao)作(zuo)(zuo)物,并(bing)(bing)率(lv)先在(zai)1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)就成立了(le)(le)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向日(ri)(ri)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)研究(jiu)所。該研究(jiu)所育(yu)成了(le)(le)有(you)自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)知識產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)甘(gan)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)系(xi)列(lie)向日(ri)(ri)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),甘(gan)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不僅在(zai)甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)廣(guang)泛種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),而(er)且已推(tui)廣(guang)至東北向日(ri)(ri)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區,尤其(qi)(qi)是甘(gan)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)2號的(de)(de)(de)育(yu)成獲(huo)得(de)了(le)(le)《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)第(di)七屆(jie)楊凌高新(xin)技術博覽會后稷(ji)金(jin)像獎》、《齊齊哈爾(er)市政(zheng)府科技進步一(yi)等獎》。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)特產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)之(zhi)鄉組(zu)委會命名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“中國(guo)(guo)(guo)向日(ri)(ri)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)之(zhi)鄉”。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)吸(xi)引來(lai)了(le)(le)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)炒貨(huo)排行第(di)三的(de)(de)(de)內蒙古知心(xin)仁集團在(zai)甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)投資建廠。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)又(you)通過(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)商(shang)招(zhao)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)形式吸(xi)引來(lai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)炒貨(huo)排行第(di)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)華泰集團(洽(qia)洽(qia)瓜子)來(lai)甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)做炒貨(huo)深加工(gong)。甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府把(ba)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)富民(min)強縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)優勢主(zhu)導(dao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)得(de)以(yi)(yi)實現,并(bing)(bing)形成了(le)(le)龍頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)+科研+基(ji)地(農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan))的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)模式。甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟支柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)品牌為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先鋒(feng),以(yi)(yi)科研為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎(chu),以(yi)(yi)公司為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)龍頭(tou),以(yi)(yi)向日(ri)(ri)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體,以(yi)(yi)市場為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)導(dao)向,形成了(le)(le)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),基(ji)地化發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),龍頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)牽動(dong),內引外聯拓寬(kuan)市場的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)鏈條。
三.地域范圍
甘南葵花籽主要分布在(zai)齊齊哈爾市甘南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)甘南鎮、中興鄉(xiang)(xiang)、長山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、音河鎮、興隆鄉(xiang)(xiang)、寶山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、平陽鎮、東陽鎮、巨寶鎮、查哈陽鄉(xiang)(xiang),地(di)域保護范圍面積(ji)35000公(gong)頃,其(qi)中葵花生產面積(ji)為15000公(gong)頃,年產量12萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸。。地(di)處東經122°54′?6″--124°28′12″,北(bei)緯47°25′7″—48°32′5″,東鄰(lin)嫩江(jiang)、諾敏(min)河與內蒙古(gu)的(de)(de)莫(mo)旗及我省富裕、訥河相望,南與齊齊哈爾市區(qu)及龍江(jiang)為鄰(lin),西北(bei)以成吉思汗(han)邊壕與內蒙阿榮旗和布旗為界。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)轄(xia)五鄉(xiang)(xiang)五鎮,95個(ge)行政村,611個(ge)自然屯,37萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人。幅(fu)員面積(ji)4792平方公(gong)里(li),其(qi)中:耕(geng)地(di)278萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu),草原(yuan)112萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu),可供開發的(de)(de)水(shui)面8.4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)草豐盛純凈,空氣清新,主水(shui)源(yuan)的(de)(de)嫩江(jiang)干流源(yuan)于(yu)大興安嶺,無污染源(yuan),水(shui)質好,水(shui)量充(chong)沛(pei)。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在(zai)感(gan)官特征:劃定區域范圍內(nei)的(de)葵花(hua)(hua)籽為食用型(xing)葵花(hua)(hua)籽,百粒重130g以(yi)(yi)上、籽仁率(lv)53%以(yi)(yi)上。籽實長錐型(xing)、色(se)澤明亮、飽滿性(xing)好,空殼少,種(zhong)皮多(duo)為白黑條(tiao)紋,管狀花(hua)(hua)脫落部(bu)位(wei)有空隙便于嗑食,嗑食時(shi)果皮容易(yi)開裂為長條(tiao)型(xing),不(bu)易(yi)破碎。熟制后(hou)口感(gan)酥脆、香(xiang)氣純正,籽實外觀均勻一致,是做炒貨的(de)優(you)質 原料。
(2)內(nei)在品質指標:甘南葵(kui)花(hua)籽(zi)含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)豐富(fu)的粗(cu)(cu)脂(zhi)肪、粗(cu)(cu)蛋(dan)白質、粗(cu)(cu)纖維(wei)、礦物質和(he)維(wei)生素E。其(qi)中粗(cu)(cu)脂(zhi)肪和(he)粗(cu)(cu)蛋(dan)白質含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)配(pei)比(bi)適(shi)中,既保(bao)障了營養平衡配(pei)比(bi),同(tong)時也保(bao)障了休(xiu)閑食品的良(liang)好口感。每(mei)100kg葵(kui)花(hua)籽(zi)實產品中,粗(cu)(cu)脂(zhi)肪含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于42%、粗(cu)(cu)蛋(dan)白含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于23%、粗(cu)(cu)纖維(wei)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于1%、礦物質含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于1%(其(qi)中鉀(jia)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于700mg/100g,鐵含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于4mg/100g,磷含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于750mg/100g)、氨基酸(suan)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于25%(其(qi)中谷氨酸(suan)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于6%)、維(wei)生素E含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于5mg/100g。
(3)安全(quan)要求(qiu)(qiu):產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境符合NY5332-2006無(wu)公害食品(pin)。大田作物產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境技術(shu)條件,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)安全(quan)衛生(sheng)指(zhi)標優于國家標準。整個(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)均按照(zhao)我市制定(ding)的無(wu)公害生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術(shu)規(gui)程(cheng)進行(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理(li),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)檢測符合NY5319-2006無(wu)公害食品(pin)瓜(gua)子標準要求(qiu)(qiu)。
五.特定生產方式
(1)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植技術規(gui)程 ①范(fan)圍 本規(gui)程適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)甘南縣無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害綠色食品向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)生產(chan),規(gui)定了向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)生產(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)處理(li)、選(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、選(xuan)茬、整地(di)(di)(di)(di)、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、田(tian)間管理(li)及(ji)收(shou)獲貯藏、產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)等技 術要求。 ②產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境條件(jian) 產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境條件(jian)應符合(he)NY/T391要求。 A氣候 無霜期(qi)(qi)(qi)125天(tian)以(yi)(yi)上,年活(huo)動積溫(wen)2500℃以(yi)(yi)上,年降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)450mm以(yi)(yi)上。 B土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang) 產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)元(yuan)素位于(yu)(yu)背(bei)景(jing)值(zhi)正常區域,周圍沒有(you)(you)金屬(shu)或(huo)非金屬(shu)礦山(shan),無農(nong)藥(yao) 殘(can)留(liu)污染,具有(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力,耕(geng)性(xing)良好,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚(hou),排(pai)水(shui)良好,地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)平川(chuan)漫崗,有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)3.5%以(yi)(yi)上,PH值(zhi)為6.5—7.5。 ③產(chan)量(liang)(liang)構成指標:每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)收(shou)向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)盤(pan)19000—20000個(ge)。單(dan)盤(pan)實粒(li)數1079—1168個(ge)。百(bai)粒(li)重13.6—14.0g。 ④種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)處理(li) 品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇:甘葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)二(er)號。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)純度不(bu)(bu)低于(yu)(yu)98%,凈(jing)度不(bu)(bu)低于(yu)(yu)98%,發(fa)(fa)芽率(lv)不(bu)(bu)低于(yu)(yu)90%,含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)高于(yu)(yu)12%。播(bo)(bo)前10天(tian)進行(xing)發(fa)(fa)芽試驗。播(bo)(bo)前4—5天(tian)進行(xing)人(ren)工(gong)精選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi),并曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2—3天(tian)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)效鋅每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)千克(ke)小于(yu)(yu)0.5mg/kg時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),補(bu)硫酸(suan)(suan)鋅1.5kg/畝(mu)。 ⑤選(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、選(xuan)茬與整地(di)(di)(di)(di) 選(xuan)擇耕(geng)層(ceng)深厚(hou)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力較高、保(bao)水(shui)保(bao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及(ji)排(pai)水(shui)良好的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)。優(you)(you)先選(xuan)擇小麥、玉米、馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯茬,輪作(zuo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限5—7年。秋(qiu)翻起壟(long),耕(geng)深20--23cm,達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)無漏(lou)耕(geng)、無立(li)(li)垡(fa)、無坷垃、及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夾施(shi)農(nong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)起壟(long),耕(geng)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鎮(zhen)壓(ya),壟(long)距(ju)70--75cm。 ⑥施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 結合(he)整地(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)腐(fu)熟優(you)(you)質(zhi)農(nong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30—45立(li)(li)方米、施(shi)入(ru)經批準使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)適量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)100—150kg尿(niao)素于(yu)(yu)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)花(hua)(hua)現(xian)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),杜絕(jue)用(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)態氮。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)施(shi)磷酸(suan)(suan)二(er)銨187.5kg結合(he)整地(di)(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)底(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)入(ru)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)施(shi)硫酸(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)35--50kg做(zuo)底(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),施(shi)用(yong)(yong)硼肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)用(yong)(yong)硼肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)7.5kg(硫酸(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)中氧化鉀(jia)含(han)量(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)或(huo)等于(yu)(yu)50%)。 ⑦播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為了躲過結實期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)雨高峰,降(jiang)(jiang)低菌核病發(fa)(fa)病率(lv),減(jian)少(shao)危害,一(yi)般在(zai)5月 10—15日(ri)(ri)(ri)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)低于(yu)(yu)20%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)坐水(shui)埯(an)(an)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),高于(yu)(yu)22%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直接(jie)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)深5—7厘米,做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)深淺一(yi)致,覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)均勻,鎮(zhen)壓(ya)后(hou)(hou)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)4—5厘米。公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)保(bao)苗(miao)19000—20000株。埯(an)(an)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)播(bo)(bo)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鎮(zhen)壓(ya);坐水(shui)埯(an)(an)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)隔日(ri)(ri)(ri)鎮(zhen)壓(ya),機(ji)械播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨播(bo)(bo)隨鎮(zhen)壓(ya),做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)漏(lou)壓(ya)、不(bu)(bu)拖堆。 ⑧田(tian)間管理(li) 出苗(miao)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)查(cha)田(tian),發(fa)(fa)現(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)缺苗(miao)斷條時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),立(li)(li)即定向(xiang)坐水(shui)帶土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)補(bu)栽。一(yi)對(dui)真葉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間苗(miao),兩(liang)對(dui)真葉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定苗(miao)。出苗(miao)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)鏟前深松(song)或(huo)趟(tang)一(yi)犁。視土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)墑情(qing)于(yu)(yu)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)花(hua)(hua)現(xian)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)至花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)溉。鏟頭遍(bian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)后(hou)(hou),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)隔10天(tian)左右鏟趟(tang)一(yi)次,做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)三鏟三趟(tang)。輔助(zhu)授粉(fen),增(zeng)放蜂源,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)放蜂兩(liang)箱或(huo)人(ren)工(gong)輔助(zhu)受粉(fen)。 ⑨病蟲害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi) 防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)螟:當向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)螟成蟲盛發(fa)(fa)期(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)用(yong)(yong)赤眼蜂卡90個(ge),間隔3天(tian)分兩(liang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)均勻分布,用(yong)(yong)曲(qu)別針別在(zai)葉片的(de)(de)背(bei)部,利(li)用(yong)(yong)赤眼蜂進行(xing)寄生葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)螟蟲卵。菌核病防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)50%乙稀(xi)菌核利(li)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)750g噴霧。 ⑩收(shou)獲 莖(jing)稈、花(hua)(hua)盤(pan)背(bei)部變黃(huang)褐色,舌狀花(hua)(hua)凋萎,筒(tong)狀花(hua)(hua)枯(ku)萎,籽實外殼(ke)變硬,現(xian)本色時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收(shou)獲。收(shou)盤(pan)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)脫(tuo)粒(li),嚴防(fang)(fang)大堆堆放捂籽。脫(tuo)粒(li)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晾曬脫(tuo)水(shui),嚴防(fang)(fang)捂堆。水(shui)分低于(yu)(yu)12%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),凈(jing)度達(da)(da)95%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),入(ru)庫保(bao)存或(huo)銷售(shou)。
(2)初級(ji)加工規(gui)程 原料預處理--振(zhen)(zhen)篩(shai)--煮制--炕制--復(fu)烤(kao)(kao)--外(wai)噴(pen)香(xiang)(xiang)精--精揀(jian)--包裝(zhuang) ①振(zhen)(zhen)篩(shai) A標(biao)準籽(zi)(zi)(zi):大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)、色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)均一,顆粒(li)(li)飽(bao)滿(man),氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)常。小(xiao)(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤6%,癟籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤1%,雜質(zhi)≤1%,霉(mei)變≤4%,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霉(mei)變結團現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang);B小(xiao)(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)(zi):無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)籽(zi)(zi)(zi) 標(biao)準籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤2% 小(xiao)(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤5%;C癟籽(zi)(zi)(zi):無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)標(biao)準籽(zi)(zi)(zi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)籽(zi)(zi)(zi);D千(qian)粒(li)(li)重(zhong):130g以上(shang)。 ②煮制 瓜(gua)子(zi)殼白色(se)(se)斑紋上(shang)色(se)(se)并呈(cheng)棕(zong)灰色(se)(se),含水(shui)量(liang)(liang)45%以上(shang),瓜(gua)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)表面脫(tuo)皮現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)大(da)于(yu)1/10,入味(wei)(wei)(wei)充分,甜(tian)咸(xian)(xian)適中(zhong),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發酸(suan)、發苦(ku)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)異(yi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)。 ③炕制色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)正(zheng)常,甜(tian)咸(xian)(xian)適中(zhong),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)焦糊(hu)味(wei)(wei)(wei),火(huo)侯偏(pian)(pian)老(lao)(lao)≤1%,皮軟(ruan)≤5%,粘(zhan)牙≤20%。 ④復(fu)烤(kao)(kao) 香(xiang)(xiang)精味(wei)(wei)(wei)噴(pen)撒(sa)均勻,復(fu)烤(kao)(kao)后的瓜(gua)子(zi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)焦糊(hu)味(wei)(wei)(wei),偏(pian)(pian)老(lao)(lao)≤3%,皮軟(ruan)≤0.5%,粘(zhan) 牙≤3%,甜(tian)咸(xian)(xian)適度,有(you)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)子(zi)特有(you)的香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)。 ⑤精選 A顏(yan)色(se)(se):色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)一致,基(ji)本(ben)保持葵花籽(zi)(zi)(zi)原有(you)色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)。 B形(xing)態(tai):顆粒(li)(li)齊(qi)整,大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)均勻,籽(zi)(zi)(zi)粒(li)(li)飽(bao)滿(man)。 C籽(zi)(zi)(zi)仁:呈(cheng)牙黃色(se)(se)。 D口(kou)味(wei)(wei)(wei):口(kou)感酥脆、甜(tian)咸(xian)(xian)味(wei)(wei)(wei)適中(zhong),香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)純正(zheng)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)異(yi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)。焦黃色(se)(se)、焦糊(hu)味(wei)(wei)(wei)、口(kou)感發硬(ying)、皮軟(ruan)、粘(zhan)牙、香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)協調、偏(pian)(pian)咸(xian)(xian)、偏(pian)(pian)甜(tian)、有(you)苦(ku)味(wei)(wei)(wei)、酸(suan)味(wei)(wei)(wei)、澀味(wei)(wei)(wei)、口(kou)感單薄的為不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合格品。 E合格品的具體(ti)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)指標(biao)要求如下: 千(qian)粒(li)(li)重(zhong)≥130g;蟲眼≤0.1%;霉(mei)變≤4%小(xiao)(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤10%;癟籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤1%;殘損(sun): 無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu); 皮軟(ruan)≤0.5%;粘(zhan)牙≤3%;焦糊(hu)味(wei)(wei)(wei):無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu);火(huo)侯偏(pian)(pian)老(lao)(lao)≤1%;口(kou)感發硬(ying)≤10%;脫(tuo)皮(超(chao)過整個瓜(gua)子(zi)面1/3)≤4%。 ⑥包裝(zhuang) A計量(liang)(liang):應符合公司允許的稱量(liang)(liang)范圍; B封口(kou):整齊(qi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)外(wai)露現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang),袋(dai)內氣(qi)體(ti)應熱排出(chu)(chu),袋(dai)身(shen)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鼓脹現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)燙(tang)化、虛封、皺折、夾卡現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang);瓜(gua)子(zi)的溫(wen)度必(bi)須低于(yu)40℃方可包裝(zhuang); C印章(zhang):印章(zhang)必(bi)須在指定位置,平(ping)行整齊(qi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)歪斜、倒刻、漏(lou)刻及錯(cuo)刻現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang); D噴(pen)碼:字體(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)有(you)歪斜、變形(xing)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)漏(lou)噴(pen),字體(ti)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao),間距統(tong)一; E箱(xiang)內外(wai)規(gui)格、生產日期必(bi)須相符,統(tong)一,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同日期不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)混裝(zhuang); F箱(xiang)體(ti)封口(kou)平(ping)整,松緊適中(zhong)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
地域(yu)范(fan)圍(wei)內的生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營企業要按照《農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志公(gong)共(gong)標(biao)識使(shi)用(yong)(yong)規范(fan)》的要求和農(nong)(nong)業部農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安全中心(xin)公(gong)共(gong)標(biao)識授權規定(ding)(ding),在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)正確使(shi)用(yong)(yong)全國統(tong)一(yi)的公(gong)共(gong)標(biao)識。應建立標(biao)識使(shi)用(yong)(yong)管理制度,對(dui)標(biao)識的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)情況如實記錄,登記造冊并存(cun)檔,存(cun)期(qi)三年。葵花籽(zi)在運輸的過(guo)程中要遵守(shou)有關規定(ding)(ding),運輸要合理。