絳州鼓(gu)(gu)樂(le)據(ju)史(shi)籍記載可(ke)追(zhui)溯至初唐。619年(nian)(唐武(wu)德二年(nian))十一月,李(li)世民(min)(min)率兵從龍門渡黃河,屯(tun)兵柏壁秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)堡,討伐(fa)劉(liu)武(wu)周。新絳縣還遺存著(zhu)李(li)世民(min)(min)屯(tun)兵柏壁時(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)擂(lei)鼓(gu)(gu)臺。據(ju)說當時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)人們(men)為慶(qing)祝秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)在各個(ge)戰役中(zhong)取(qu)得的(de)(de)(de)勝利,創作了一部表(biao)現李(li)世民(min)(min)部隊(dui)的(de)(de)(de)車輪聲、馬(ma)蹄聲、人喊馬(ma)叫聲,并具有氣(qi)壯(zhuang)山河氣(qi)勢的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)曲(qu)(qu) 《秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)破(po)陣樂(le)》。《舊唐書·音樂(le)志》載:“自(zi)破(po)陣舞(wu)以下(xia),皆擂(lei)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu),雜以龜(gui)茲之(zhi)樂(le),聲振百里(li),動蕩山谷(gu)。”秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)李(li)世民(min)(min)也(ye)因軍民(min)(min)為歌頌他而創作的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)首擂(lei)鼓(gu)(gu)喧(xuan)天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)曲(qu)(qu)《秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)破(po)陣樂(le)》感(gan)到自(zi)豪(hao)。李(li)世民(min)(min)繼任皇(huang)帝(di)后,將此(ci)曲(qu)(qu)調入宮中(zhong),凡(fan)遇大(da)典(dian)盛宴,無不(bu)表(biao)演這(zhe)首燕樂(le)大(da)曲(qu)(qu),以炫耀自(zi)己在滅隋建唐時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)功績。清(qing)朝《直(zhi)隸絳州志》曰:“歲時(shi)(shi)(shi)社祭、夏冬兩季,又(you)鄉鎮多香火,扮社鼓(gu)(gu)演劇(ju),招(zhao)集販粥人甚便之(zhi)。”民(min)(min)國(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)出版的(de)(de)(de)《新絳縣志》也(ye)曾(ceng)說:“每逢賽(sai)社之(zhi)期,必(bi)演劇(ju)數日(ri),扮演各種故事,如鑼鼓(gu)(gu)。”新中(zhong)國(guo)成立(li)至上(shang)世紀80年(nian)代(dai)中(zhong)期,絳州鼓(gu)(gu)樂(le)一直(zhi)是(shi)當地民(min)(min)間(jian)社火中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主要項(xiang)目(mu),也(ye)是(shi)祭祀、慶(qing)典(dian)、婚嫁和廟會活動中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主角(jiao)。它還積累了《小秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)亂點(dian)兵》、《嘰(ji)呱(gua)啦》、《廈坡(po)滾核桃》、《老(lao)虎磕牙》、《牛斗(dou)虎》等300余首曲(qu)(qu)牌(pai)。新絳民(min)(min)間(jian)一直(zhi)流(liu)傳著(zhu)“北岸的(de)(de)(de)棍,西岸的(de)(de)(de)鞭,石坡(po)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)镲(cha)兒鐃得歡(huan),八(ba)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)鑼鼓(gu)(gu)震破(po)天(tian)”、“北行(xing)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)踩板扎得高(gao),不(bu)如南行(xing)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)(gu)兒敲得好”等俗語(yu)。
絳州鼓樂素有(you)“地動(dong)山搖”、“聞聲十(shi)里”之譽(yu)。
花(hua)敲(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)絳(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)(zui)具代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)性。它所(suo)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)多面形(xing)制不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。現有(you)十幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)敲(qiao)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)技(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa),即擊鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)邊、敲(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)邊、墨鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)釘、蹭鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)面、打(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)幫、抽鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皮、磕(ke)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)環(huan)、碰(peng)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)架(jia)、單槌滾、雙槌擂、槌相搓、槌相擊、槌相打(da)、捶相挑。這(zhe)些技(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)構成(cheng)絳(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)色彩(cai),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)色彩(cai)與(yu)其(qi)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)風(feng)格(ge)緊(jin)密(mi)相連。民間將(jiang)絳(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)分三路(lu)(lu),各(ge)路(lu)(lu)各(ge)有(you)常用(yong)曲目(mu),南(nan)路(lu)(lu)有(you)《嘰呱啦》、《啦呱嘰》、《扎咚(dong)呱》等,中(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)(lu)有(you)《釘缸》、《麻雀踩蛋》等,北路(lu)(lu)有(you)《牛(niu)斗虎(hu)》、《鳳凰單展翅》、《獅(shi)子撩繡(xiu)球》等。絳(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)大致可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)賽社(she)(she)(she)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吹(chui)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兩類。賽社(she)(she)(she)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)亦稱(cheng)鬧年鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或社(she)(she)(she)火鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),主要用(yong)于(yu)賽社(she)(she)(she)和春節(jie)期間的(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)火活(huo)動,含有(you)清音(yin)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(以(yi)(yi)(yi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)套曲為(wei)(wei)主)和表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(演(yan)(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)舞(wu)蹈性表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)),是(shi)(shi)絳(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。賽社(she)(she)(she)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)花(hua)敲(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和穿(chuan)(chuan)箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)著稱(cheng),花(hua)敲(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)又名花(hua)腔鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、花(hua)慶鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),全套樂(le)(le)(le)(le)器(qi)只(zhi)有(you)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、板(ban)(ban)兩類,無(wu)鐃鈸,也無(wu)其(qi)他銅質樂(le)(le)(le)(le)器(qi),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)俗稱(cheng)干(gan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),為(wei)(wei)新(xin)絳(jiang)縣獨有(you)。花(hua)敲(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)器(qi)共有(you)28件,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)24面扁鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)24個節(jie)令,另有(you)兩副(fu)夾板(ban)(ban)、兩副(fu)梆子,分別象(xiang)征四獸:牛(niu)、虎(hu)、獅(shi)子、麒(qi)(qi)麟(lin),取黃牛(niu)之(zhi)忠、老虎(hu)之(zhi)猛(meng)、獅(shi)子之(zhi)威(wei)、麒(qi)(qi)麟(lin)之(zhi)祥(xiang),意求(qiu)事(shi)事(shi)如意、年年豐收(shou)。夾板(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)俗稱(cheng),現在(zai)惟(wei)花(hua)敲(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)還保留了拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)。鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)般都是(shi)(shi)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)打(da)節(jie)拍(pai),只(zhi)有(you)花(hua)敲(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用(yong)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)、梆子打(da)節(jie)拍(pai)。持者(zhe)踏拍(pai)起舞(wu),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作伴(ban)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)。花(hua)敲(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)最(zui)(zui)初流(liu)行于(yu)上游(you)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古堆(dui)和三泉一(yi)帶,如今已經形(xing)成(cheng)了三個流(liu)派:南(nan)路(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上院村(cun)為(wei)(wei)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、中(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)三泉村(cun)為(wei)(wei)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、北路(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)南(nan)行莊為(wei)(wei)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。演(yan)(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)者(zhe)充分利用(yong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個部(bu)位以(yi)(yi)(yi)及鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)槌、鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)架(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)佳聲音(yin)進行演(yan)(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou),它所(suo)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)多面形(xing)制不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。現有(you)十幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)敲(qiao)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)技(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa),這(zhe)些技(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)構成(cheng)絳(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)色彩(cai),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)色彩(cai)與(yu)其(qi)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)風(feng)格(ge)緊(jin)密(mi)相連。穿(chuan)(chuan)箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)因表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)穿(chuan)(chuan)古戲裝而得名,主要流(liu)行于(yu)新(xin)絳(jiang)縣鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)水流(liu)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)東八(ba)莊和西(xi)七莊一(yi)帶,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)三泉村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)影響較大。穿(chuan)(chuan)箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)場(chang)地(di)(di)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)為(wei)(wei)主,行進中(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)段較為(wei)(wei)簡單,場(chang)地(di)(di)演(yan)(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)一(yi)般以(yi)(yi)(yi)大套為(wei)(wei)主,演(yan)(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)時以(yi)(yi)(yi)大鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與(yu)大鈸為(wei)(wei)一(yi)聲部(bu)群,小鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與(yu)唐鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)聲部(bu)群,以(yi)(yi)(yi)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)為(wei)(wei)節(jie)。在(zai)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)中(zhong)(zhong),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)者(zhe)還要表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan) “跑鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)”(舞(wu)蹈),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)甩動頭上的(de)(de)(de)(de)野雞翎(ling)“甩翎(ling)”,是(shi)(shi)頗需功夫的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)技(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)。鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吹(chui)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)主要是(shi)(shi)指婚喪壽喜所(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)(le),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)還包括嗩吶伴(ban)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和道士雜樂(le)(le)(le)(le)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)式,屬于(yu)吹(chui)打(da)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)。
《秦王(wang)破陣樂》在(zai)民間(jian)頗(po)為流傳,尤(you)其是明(ming)、清兩代,鼓(gu)(gu)樂進入鼎盛(sheng)時期。新中國成立以(yi)后(hou),絳(jiang)(jiang)州(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)樂更在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)、壯(zhuang)大(da)(da);后(hou)來隨著(zhu)農村(cun)經濟條件的(de)不(bu)斷改善(shan),絳(jiang)(jiang)州(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)樂得到(dao)了很大(da)(da)發(fa)展(zhan)。在(zai)《秦王(wang)破陣樂》的(de)基礎上,整理出了《秦王(wang)點兵(bing)》、《夏坡滾(gun)核桃》等(deng)精彩曲目,并且參加了山西省的(de)首(shou)屆藝(yi)術節。1988年,在(zai)北京舉(ju)行的(de)“全(quan)國龍(long)年音樂周”中,新絳(jiang)(jiang)縣農民業余鼓(gu)(gu)樂隊上京演出,得到(dao)了國內外輿論的(de)一致(zhi)稱贊。他(ta)們演奏(zou)的(de)《秦王(wang)點兵(bing)》、《夏坡滾(gun)核桃》,以(yi)其震動(dong)山河的(de)磅礴氣(qi)勢和(he)令人(ren)振奮的(de)旋律獲得了極大(da)(da)的(de)成功。
絳州鼓樂(le)歷史悠久,深受(shou)當地人民喜愛(ai),具有一定(ding)的社(she)會歷史價值和藝術價值。