一、松茸是什么東西

松茸，一般指松口蘑，是世界上珍稀名貴的食用菌之一，被稱為“蘑(mo)菇之王”。屬口(kou)蘑(mo)科口(kou)蘑(mo)屬，云南野生(sheng)菌松(song)茸(rong)學名稱松(song)口(kou)蘑(mo)，俗稱松(song)茸(rong)。在中(zhong)國吉林、黑龍江、云南、四(si)川、貴(gui)州(zhou)等(deng)地均(jun)有分布。

二、松茸的形態特征

松茸子實(shi)體散生或群生。菌(jun)(jun)蓋直徑可達25厘米。扁半(ban)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)至近平展(zhan)，污白(bai)色(se)(se)。具黃褐色(se)(se)至栗褐色(se)(se)平狀的纖毛狀的鱗片，表面(mian)干燥，菌(jun)(jun)肉(rou)白(bai)色(se)(se)，細嫩有特(te)殊的清香(xiang)氣，肥厚。菌(jun)(jun)褶較密，彎生，不(bu)等(deng)長。菌(jun)(jun)柄(bing)較粗壯。菌(jun)(jun)環以下(xia)具栗褐色(se)(se)纖毛狀鱗片.內實(shi).基部(bu)稍膨大。菌(jun)(jun)環生于菌(jun)(jun)柄(bing)上部(bu)，絲膜狀，上面(mian)白(bai)色(se)(se)，下(xia)面(mian)與菌(jun)(jun)柄(bing)同(tong)色(se)(se)。擔子棒狀，孢子印白(bai)色(se)(se)，無色(se)(se)，光(guang)滑，寬橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)至近球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)。

三、松茸的營養價值

松口(kou)蘑是(shi)一種名(ming)貴(gui)的野生食用(yong)菌此菌，在日(ri)本被視為菇中之珍(zhen)品(pin)，有(you)很(hen)高的營(ying)養(yang)價值(zhi)和特(te)殊的藥(yao)用(yong)效果(guo)。具有(you)強身、易(yi)暢(chang)健胃、止痛(tong)、理氣化痰、驅(qu)蟲等(deng)作用(yong)。

據分(fen)析，鮮松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)茸中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)有17%的粗(cu)蛋白，8.7%的純蛋白，5%的粗(cu)脂(zhi)肪，8.6%的粗(cu)纖(xian)維(wei)，7.1%的灰粉；干(gan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)口(kou)蘑(mo)子實體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量為(wei)11.0%，粗(cu)脂(zhi)肪為(wei)4.4%，粗(cu)纖(xian)維(wei)為(wei)6.28%，碳水(shui)化合物為(wei)56.28%，灰分(fen)為(wei)9.47%。干(gan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)口(kou)蘑(mo)子實體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)至少含(han)(han)有l5種(zhong)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，氨(an)(an)(an)(an)基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)總(zong)量為(wei)7.399%，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)天門冬氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.727%，蘇氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.318%，絲氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.270%。谷氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.11%。甘氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.400%，丙(bing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.479%，胱氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.220%。纈氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.506%，蛋氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.279%，亮(liang)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.660%，異(yi)亮(liang)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.068%，苯丙(bing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.403%，酪氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.303%，組氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.246%，精氨(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.409%。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)口(kou)蘑(mo)子實體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)除含(han)(han)有豐富的維(wei)生素B1、B2、C及PP等(deng)物質(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)。還含(han)(han)有激(ji)素、松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)口(kou)蘑(mo)聚糖、甘露醇、松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)口(kou)蘑(mo)醇、異(yi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)口(kou)蘑(mo)醇等(deng)活(huo)性成分(fen)。

四、松茸的功效與作用

1、提高免疫力

松(song)茸有(you)(you)提(ti)高免(mian)疫力的(de)(de)作用。因(yin)為(wei)松(song)茸中含(han)有(you)(you)人體(ti)所需(xu)的(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)營養物質，其含(han)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)豐富的(de)(de)雙鏈(lian)松(song)茸多糖，能(neng)激活人體(ti)T細(xi)胞，對非特(te)異性(xing)免(mian)疫及特(te)異性(xing)免(mian)疫，有(you)(you)很好的(de)(de)增強作用。尤其對于術后(hou)、產后(hou)及身(shen)體(ti)虛弱的(de)(de)患者來(lai)說(shuo)，可起到很好的(de)(de)提(ti)高免(mian)疫力的(de)(de)效(xiao)果。

2、抗癌作用

松(song)茸(rong)有抗癌(ai)(ai)的(de)作用(yong)。因為松(song)茸(rong)中(zhong)含有大量的(de)天然活性(xing)多糖及十(shi)幾種天然抗癌(ai)(ai)成分(fen)，平時人(ren)們食用(yong)松(song)茸(rong)后(hou)，能抑制癌(ai)(ai)細(xi)胞(bao)活性(xing)，防止細(xi)胞(bao)癌(ai)(ai)變。同時，也能抑制癌(ai)(ai)細(xi)胞(bao)再生(sheng)，可起到很好的(de)抗癌(ai)(ai)的(de)效果(guo)。

3、降血糖

松茸(rong)有(you)降血糖(tang)的(de)(de)(de)功效。因(yin)為松茸(rong)中含(han)有(you)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)多糖(tang)，不(bu)僅(jin)可以促(cu)進(jin)胰島(dao)素分泌，還能修(xiu)復受損的(de)(de)(de)胰島(dao)細胞，讓人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)血糖(tang)保持穩定狀(zhuang)態。此外，松茸(rong)中含(han)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)活性(xing)酶，還可使人(ren)體(ti)血糖(tang)升高(gao)后(hou)，盡快恢復正常。因(yin)此，松茸(rong)可起到(dao)很好的(de)(de)(de)降血糖(tang)的(de)(de)(de)效果。

4、抗腫瘤

松茸有抗(kang)腫(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)的(de)功(gong)效。現代醫(yi)學表明，松茸中含多糖，是特殊雙鏈活性物(wu)質，具有超強抗(kang)基因(yin)突變能力和(he)強抗(kang)癌作用。能自(zi)動識別腫(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)所分泌的(de)毒素，靶向性地與腫(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)靠近、結合(he)(he)，通過(guo)溶解(jie)腫(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)膜和(he)破壞脂質雙層進入細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)內，封(feng)閉腫(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)轉體蛋白(bai)受體，阻斷腫(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)蛋白(bai)質合(he)(he)成，使腫(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)不能分裂(lie)繁殖以(yi)至死亡。