“短枝冬(dong)棗”(沾化(hua)二代(dai)冬(dong)棗)是暨(ji)沾化(hua)冬(dong)棗的(de)一(yi)個新(xin)生代(dai)優質(zhi)晚熟鮮食品種(zhong)。冬(dong)棗古稱貢棗,屬于鼠李科(ke),棗屬。是無(wu)刺棗樹的(de)又(you)一(yi)個晚熟鮮食優良品種(zhong)。
“短(duan)枝冬棗”(沾化(hua)二代冬棗)果形(xing)扁圓,個(ge)頭(tou)大(da),比(bi)普通“沾化(hua)冬棗”大(da)一倍左右,且(qie)生長較(jiao)快(kuai),平均每(mei)個(ge)20克(ke)以(yi)上,外形(xing)非常漂亮(liang);而傳統的冬棗果形(xing)多樣化(hua),或圓形(xing)、或長橢圓形(xing),且(qie)個(ge)頭(tou)大(da)小不均勻
“短枝冬(dong)棗”在我國山東省沾(zhan)化韓家村(沾(zhan)化冬(dong)棗公社)、山東省沾(zhan)化下(xia)洼周邊有種(zhong)植。
沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)二(er)(er)(er)代(dai)又稱沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)2代(dai)、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)二(er)(er)(er)號、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)2號、冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)二(er)(er)(er)代(dai)、冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)2代(dai)、冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)二(er)(er)(er)號、冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)2號、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)二(er)(er)(er)代(dai)、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)2代(dai)、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)二(er)(er)(er)號、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)2號、沾(zhan)冬(dong)(dong)二(er)(er)(er)代(dai)、沾(zhan)冬(dong)(dong)2代(dai)、沾(zhan)冬(dong)(dong)二(er)(er)(er)號、沾(zhan)冬(dong)(dong)2號、短枝(zhi)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)、短枝(zhi)沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、短枝(zhi)沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)是(shi)魯北地區的一(yi)個優質晚熟鮮食(shi)品種。
短枝冬棗難(nan)管理、產量低,只在我國(guo)山東(dong)省沾化韓家村(cun)(沾化冬棗公社)、山東(dong)省沾化下洼周邊(bian)有種植(zhi)。
因短(duan)枝冬棗樹木(mu)枝條較短(duan),故棗農(nong)又稱之為短(duan)枝冬棗。
短(duan)枝(zhi)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)二代(dai)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao))已被公認為沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)更新(xin)品種。“沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)短(duan)枝(zhi)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)”與傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)“沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)”相比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)有以下優勢(shi): 一是(shi)生(sheng)長勢(shi)中庸(yong),成枝(zhi)力弱,易坐果。短(duan)枝(zhi)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)只有很少量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya)能抽(chou)生(sheng)為棗(zao)(zao)頭枝(zhi),不像傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)“沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)”那樣每個(ge)棗(zao)(zao)股都萌生(sheng)為棗(zao)(zao)頭,從而減少了(le)每年因抹芽(ya)(ya)而占(zhan)用(yong)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)批用(yong)工量(liang)(liang)。中庸(yong)的(de)(de)樹勢(shi),集中了(le)營養,提高了(le)坐果率。 二是(shi)棗(zao)(zao)花子(zi)房體(ti)較(jiao)大(da)(da),棗(zao)(zao)果外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)美觀,個(ge)頭較(jiao)大(da)(da)。短(duan)枝(zhi)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)果形(xing)(xing)(xing)扁圓,個(ge)頭大(da)(da),比(bi)(bi)普通(tong)沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)大(da)(da)一倍(bei)左右,且生(sheng)長較(jiao)快,平(ping)均(jun)每個(ge)20克(ke)以上,外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)非常漂亮(liang);而傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)果形(xing)(xing)(xing)多(duo)樣化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),或圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)、或長橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),且個(ge)頭大(da)(da)小不均(jun)勻。 三是(shi)品質(zhi)更優。這也是(shi)最關鍵的(de)(de)。
短枝冬(dong)棗(zao)幼苗(miao)和(he)普通冬(dong)棗(zao)幼苗(miao)如(ru)何區別,是非(fei)專業技術人員很難(nan)辨(bian)認的。
短枝冬棗(zao)(zao){沾化二代冬棗(zao)(zao)}是(shi)沾化冬棗(zao)(zao)的(de)新生代產品(pin),由(you)一(yi)代冬棗(zao)(zao)自然基(ji)因變(bian)異而(er)來,且(qie)基(ji)因非常不穩定,在進行嫁接成(cheng)活后并不能百(bai)分百(bai)成(cheng)為二代冬棗(zao)(zao)苗木,有的(de)甚至是(shi)在同一(yi)側(ce)枝上的(de)兩(liang)個棗(zao)(zao)碼上的(de)冬棗(zao)(zao)都(dou)不一(yi)定是(shi)同一(yi)品(pin)種。
沾(zhan)化(hua)二代冬棗鮮食可口(kou)、皮脆、肉質細嫩品質極佳,是北方落葉果樹中的高檔鮮食品種(zhong);成(cheng)熟后落在地上(shang)能開裂;汁(zhi)多無渣,甘甜清香;可溶性固形物35-38%,肉厚(hou)核小,可食率(lv)達96.1%。 沾(zhan)化(hua)二代冬棗營(ying)養極豐富(fu)。
含(han)有(you)天門冬氨(an)(an)酸、蘇氨(an)(an)酸、絲(si)(si)氨(an)(an)酸等19種人(ren)體必(bi)需的氨(an)(an)基酸,總含(han)量為0.985mg/100g;含(han)蛋白質1.65%;膳食纖維2.3%,總量17.%;總黃酮0.26%;煙酸0.87mg/100g;胡(hu)蘿(luo)卜(bu)素(su)1.1mg/kg;維生素(su)B1 0.1mg/kg;維生素(su)B2 2.2mg/kg;維生素(su)C的含(han)量尤其(qi)豐富,達352mg/100g;是蘋(pin)果(guo)維生素(su)C含(han)量的70倍(bei),與其(qi)它(ta)果(guo)品相(xiang)比,是蘋(pin)果(guo)的70倍(bei),梨的140倍(bei)、金(jin)絲(si)(si)小(xiao)棗(zao)的20倍(bei),有(you)“活維生素(su)丸”之(zhi)美譽。
此(ci)外,沾化二(er)代(dai)冬(dong)棗果(guo)實還含有較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)維生素A、維生素E、鉀、鈉、鐵、銅等多(duo)種微(wei)量元素,有保持毛(mao)細血管暢(chang)通、防(fang)止血管壁脆性增加(jia)的(de)功(gong)能,對于高血壓、動脈粥樣硬化病(bing)癥有療效,有防(fang)癌之功(gong)效。營養價值(zhi)為(wei)百果(guo)之冠(guan),有“百果(guo)王”之稱。
一(yi)(yi)位中央(yang)領導品(pin)(pin)嘗后(hou)稱贊沾化冬(dong)棗為“天下奇果(guo)”,美國俄勒崗(gang)大學園藝農學院生命科研所主任鮑(bao)依爾、教授福基高(gao)米品(pin)(pin)嘗后(hou),稱其為“世界第一(yi)(yi)果(guo)品(pin)(pin)”。