“短枝冬棗(zao)”(沾化二(er)代冬棗(zao))是暨(ji)沾化冬棗(zao)的(de)一(yi)個新生(sheng)代優質晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)鮮食(shi)品(pin)種。冬棗(zao)古(gu)稱貢(gong)棗(zao),屬于鼠李(li)科,棗(zao)屬。是無刺(ci)棗(zao)樹的(de)又一(yi)個晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)鮮食(shi)優良(liang)品(pin)種。
“短枝冬(dong)棗”(沾化(hua)二(er)代(dai)冬(dong)棗)果(guo)形扁圓,個(ge)(ge)(ge)頭(tou)大(da),比普(pu)通(tong)“沾化(hua)冬(dong)棗”大(da)一倍左(zuo)右(you),且(qie)生長(chang)較快,平均每個(ge)(ge)(ge)20克以(yi)上(shang),外(wai)形非常漂亮;而傳統的冬(dong)棗果(guo)形多樣化(hua),或圓形、或長(chang)橢圓形,且(qie)個(ge)(ge)(ge)頭(tou)大(da)小不(bu)均勻(yun)
“短枝冬棗”在我國山(shan)東(dong)省沾化(hua)韓家(jia)村(沾化(hua)冬棗公社(she))、山(shan)東(dong)省沾化(hua)下洼周邊(bian)有種植(zhi)。
沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)二(er)代(dai)(dai)(dai)又稱(cheng)沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)2代(dai)(dai)(dai)、沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)二(er)號(hao)、沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)2號(hao)、冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)二(er)代(dai)(dai)(dai)、冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)2代(dai)(dai)(dai)、冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)二(er)號(hao)、冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)2號(hao)、沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)二(er)代(dai)(dai)(dai)、沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)2代(dai)(dai)(dai)、沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)二(er)號(hao)、沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)2號(hao)、沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)二(er)代(dai)(dai)(dai)、沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)2代(dai)(dai)(dai)、沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)二(er)號(hao)、沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)2號(hao)、短枝(zhi)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)、短枝(zhi)沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、短枝(zhi)沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)是魯北地區的一個優(you)質晚熟鮮食品種。
短(duan)枝(zhi)冬棗難管(guan)理、產量低,只在我(wo)國(guo)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)沾化韓家村(沾化冬棗公社(she))、山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)沾化下洼(wa)周(zhou)邊有(you)種植。
因短(duan)枝(zhi)冬(dong)棗樹木枝(zhi)條較短(duan),故棗農又稱之為短(duan)枝(zhi)冬(dong)棗。
短枝冬棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(沾(zhan)化(hua)二(er)(er)代(dai)冬棗(zao)(zao)(zao))已被公認為沾(zhan)化(hua)冬棗(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)更新品(pin)種(zhong)。“沾(zhan)化(hua)短枝冬棗(zao)(zao)(zao)”與(yu)傳統的(de)(de)(de)“沾(zhan)化(hua)冬棗(zao)(zao)(zao)”相比較(jiao)有以(yi)下優勢(shi): 一是(shi)生長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)庸,成(cheng)枝力弱(ruo),易坐(zuo)果。短枝冬棗(zao)(zao)(zao)只有很少量的(de)(de)(de)芽能抽生為棗(zao)(zao)(zao)頭(tou)(tou)枝,不像傳統的(de)(de)(de)“沾(zhan)化(hua)冬棗(zao)(zao)(zao)”那(nei)樣每(mei)個棗(zao)(zao)(zao)股(gu)都萌生為棗(zao)(zao)(zao)頭(tou)(tou),從而減少了(le)每(mei)年因抹芽而占用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)大批用(yong)工量。中(zhong)(zhong)庸的(de)(de)(de)樹勢(shi),集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)了(le)營養,提高(gao)了(le)坐(zuo)果率。 二(er)(er)是(shi)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)花子房體較(jiao)大,棗(zao)(zao)(zao)果外(wai)形(xing)(xing)美(mei)觀,個頭(tou)(tou)較(jiao)大。短枝冬棗(zao)(zao)(zao)果形(xing)(xing)扁圓(yuan),個頭(tou)(tou)大,比普通沾(zhan)化(hua)冬棗(zao)(zao)(zao)大一倍(bei)左右,且生長(chang)(chang)較(jiao)快,平均每(mei)個20克以(yi)上(shang),外(wai)形(xing)(xing)非常漂亮;而傳統的(de)(de)(de)冬棗(zao)(zao)(zao)果形(xing)(xing)多樣化(hua),或圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)、或長(chang)(chang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),且個頭(tou)(tou)大小不均勻。 三(san)是(shi)品(pin)質更優。這也是(shi)最關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)。
短枝冬棗(zao)幼苗(miao)和(he)普通冬棗(zao)幼苗(miao)如何區(qu)別,是非專業技術人員很難辨認的。
短枝冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao){沾化二(er)代(dai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)}是(shi)(shi)沾化冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)的(de)新生(sheng)代(dai)產品,由一(yi)代(dai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)自然基因(yin)變異而來,且(qie)基因(yin)非常(chang)不(bu)(bu)穩定(ding),在進行嫁接(jie)成活(huo)后并(bing)不(bu)(bu)能百分(fen)百成為二(er)代(dai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)苗(miao)木(mu),有的(de)甚至是(shi)(shi)在同一(yi)側(ce)枝上的(de)兩個棗(zao)(zao)碼上的(de)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)都不(bu)(bu)一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)同一(yi)品種。
沾化二(er)代冬棗鮮(xian)食(shi)可(ke)口、皮脆、肉質(zhi)細嫩品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)極佳(jia),是北方落葉(xie)果樹中的高檔鮮(xian)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)種;成熟后落在地(di)上(shang)能開裂(lie);汁(zhi)多無渣,甘甜(tian)清香;可(ke)溶性固形物35-38%,肉厚(hou)核小,可(ke)食(shi)率達96.1%。 沾化二(er)代冬棗營養(yang)極豐(feng)富。
含(han)有天門冬(dong)氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)、蘇氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)、絲(si)氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)等19種人體必需(xu)的(de)(de)氨(an)(an)基酸(suan)(suan),總含(han)量(liang)為0.985mg/100g;含(han)蛋白質1.65%;膳食纖維2.3%,總量(liang)17.%;總黃酮0.26%;煙酸(suan)(suan)0.87mg/100g;胡蘿(luo)卜(bu)素1.1mg/kg;維生(sheng)素B1 0.1mg/kg;維生(sheng)素B2 2.2mg/kg;維生(sheng)素C的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)尤其豐富,達352mg/100g;是(shi)蘋(pin)果維生(sheng)素C含(han)量(liang)的(de)(de)70倍,與(yu)其它果品相(xiang)比(bi),是(shi)蘋(pin)果的(de)(de)70倍,梨的(de)(de)140倍、金絲(si)小棗的(de)(de)20倍,有“活維生(sheng)素丸”之美(mei)譽(yu)。
此外,沾化二代冬棗(zao)果實還含有較多的(de)維生素A、維生素E、鉀、鈉、鐵、銅等多種微(wei)量元素,有保持毛(mao)細血管暢通、防止血管壁(bi)脆(cui)性增加的(de)功能,對(dui)于高血壓、動脈粥樣硬化病癥有療效(xiao),有防癌之(zhi)功效(xiao)。營養價值(zhi)為百果之(zhi)冠,有“百果王”之(zhi)稱。
一位中央領(ling)導品(pin)嘗后(hou)稱(cheng)贊沾化冬棗為(wei)“天下奇果(guo)”,美國俄勒崗大學園(yuan)藝農學院生命(ming)科研(yan)所主(zhu)任鮑依(yi)爾、教(jiao)授福(fu)基(ji)高(gao)米品(pin)嘗后(hou),稱(cheng)其為(wei)“世(shi)界第一果(guo)品(pin)”。