一.產品介紹
解放(fang)初(chu)期,烏(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)飼養(yang)的(de)綿(mian)羊品(pin)種(zhong)為(wei)蒙系羊及少量蒙、藏系混血羊。該品(pin)種(zhong)羊體質健壯,適應性強,耐粗料,所(suo)產(chan)(chan)羊毛(mao)(mao)為(wei)較好的(de)地(di)毯毛(mao)(mao)原料,但(dan)生產(chan)(chan)性能低,為(wei)支援國(guo)家(jia)(jia)毛(mao)(mao)紡工業(ye),提(ti)高(gao)養(yang)殖效(xiao)益,改善牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)人民生活(huo)。烏(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)從1956年(nian)(nian)開始進行(xing)綿(mian)羊改良工作,首先在茶卡(ka)地(di)區(qu)(qu)推(tui)廣(guang),主(zhu)要引進的(de)父系品(pin)種(zhong)有新(xin)疆細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊、茨(ci)蓋半細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊、英(ying)國(guo)和(he)新(xin)西蘭(lan)羅姆尼—瑪許半細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊。1987年(nian)(nian)6月15日(ri),青(qing)海省農(nong)牧(mu)(mu)廳和(he)省科委共同組織省內外(wai)養(yang)羊專家(jia)(jia)到(dao)烏(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)茶卡(ka)鎮(zhen)牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)進行(xing)了現場鑒定驗收。同年(nian)(nian)8月6日(ri),青(qing)海省人民政府決(jue)定命名培(pei)育的(de)半細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊為(wei)“青(qing)海高(gao)原毛(mao)(mao)肉兼用(yong)(yong)半細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊”新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)。2014年(nian)(nian)由烏(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)那仁生態畜牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)專業(ye)合(he)作社將“青(qing)海高(gao)原毛(mao)(mao)肉兼用(yong)(yong)半細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊”成功申報國(guo)家(jia)(jia)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi),登(deng)記名稱(cheng)為(wei)“烏(wu)蘭(lan)茶卡(ka)羊”。
二.自然(ran)生態環(huan)境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:烏蘭境(jing)內的土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主(zhu)要是:高(gao)山(shan)寒漠土(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)草原土(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)草甸土(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)灌(guan)叢草甸土(tu)(tu)、灰(hui)褐土(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)、灰(hui)棕漠土(tu)(tu)、棕鈣土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)及沼(zhao)澤土(tu)(tu)等九(jiu)種土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型。烏蘭縣(xian)地勢西北(bei)高(gao)東南(nan)低,形成波浪形狹長傾斜走(zou)向,四周環山(shan),中間(jian)平(ping)坦,屬(shu)山(shan)間(jian)盆(pen)地。平(ping)均海拔(ba)4000米以(yi)左右。最(zui)高(gao)海拔(ba)為哇洪山(shan),海拔(ba)5031米,最(zui)底(di)為素楞郭勒(le),海拔(ba)2725米,相對(dui)高(gao)差2306米,水平(ping)和垂直方向的變化十分(fen)顯著,為典型的立體地形。
2、水文情況:烏蘭縣境內河(he)流(liu)均(jun)為內陸水系,較大河(he)流(liu)有(you)5條,地表徑流(liu)主要來源(yuan)于山區降(jiang)水和高山融雪、融凍水。境內地表水多年平均(jun)徑流(liu)量2.09億(yi)立方米,其中希賽盆地0.99億(yi)立方米,茶卡盆地1.1億(yi)立方米。河(he)流(liu)礦化(hua)度為0.2-0.7克(ke)/升,PH值(zhi)為7.5-8,地表水水質(zhi)(zhi)良(liang),對人(ren)體有(you)害物質(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)未(wei)超標。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況:烏蘭(lan)縣(xian)地勢高(gao)峻,氣(qi)候(hou)干燥(zao),冬季(ji)漫(man)長,干燥(zao)寒冷,春季(ji)氣(qi)溫(wen)回升快,夏季(ji)短(duan)暫溫(wen)涼(liang),秋季(ji)氣(qi)溫(wen)逐漸變冷,全年降(jiang)水量(liang)少,無霜期短(duan),日(ri)(ri)照充足(zu),太陽輻射強烈,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差(cha)雨熱(re)同季(ji)。光照:烏蘭(lan)縣(xian)年平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照2869-3113小時,年平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照百分率為(wei)65%-70%,光照資源豐富,日(ri)(ri)照日(ri)(ri)期長,十分有(you)利(li)各(ge)種飼牧(mu)及草農作物(wu)的(de)光和作用。氣(qi)溫(wen):年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)1.6 OC -3.3OC,極端最高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)達(da)30.7OC,極端最低氣(qi)溫(wen)-30.7OC,年降(jiang)雨量(liang)182.4mm。
4、人文歷(li)史情況:烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省中(zhong)(zhong)部,地(di)(di)(di)(di)跨西(xi)秦嶺華力(li)西(xi)—印(yin)支地(di)(di)(di)(di)槽(cao)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)帶(dai)和(he)東(dong)昆侖華力(li)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)槽(cao)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)帶(dai)兩大構造單元(yuan),北與(yu)祁連加里東(dong)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)系相(xiang)連,南及(ji)柴達(da)(da)木坳陷北緣,烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)歷(li)史悠久,周秦時(shi)為羌人駐牧地(di)(di)(di)(di)。西(xi)漢元(yuan)始四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),安漢公(gong)王莽在環湖(hu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)置西(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)郡,今(jin)烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬西(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)郡轄。公(gong)元(yuan)4世紀初,成(cheng)(cheng)為吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun)屬地(di)(di)(di)(di)。隋(sui)大業(ye)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(609),隨軍擊(ji)敗(bai)吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun),置四(si)郡,今(jin)烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬海(hai)(hai)(hai)西(xi)郡宣德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)轄,隋(sui)末,吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun)復據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。唐(tang)貞觀九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(635)唐(tang)將(jiang)率兵擊(ji)敗(bai)吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun),今(jin)烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)為唐(tang)朝藩屬。龍(long)朔三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(663),吐(tu)(tu)蕃王國(guo)滅(mie)吐(tu)(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun)據(ju)有其(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di),今(jin)烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)隸吐(tu)(tu)蕃臘(la)城(cheng)節(jie)度使。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)實行(xing)(xing)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)種(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang),當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)引進(jin)高加索美利奴(nu)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)種(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang),向(xiang)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),方法是簡(jian)單的(de)級(ji)進(jin)雜交。1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)確定(ding)向(xiang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)肉(rou)兼(jian)用(yong)半(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方向(xiang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)。1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),從青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省湖(hu)東(dong)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場和(he)安徽大柳種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場引進(jin)英國(guo)和(he)新西(xi)蘭(lan)(lan)羅姆尼——瑪許長毛(mao)(mao)(mao)型種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)配(pei)種(zhong)。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)(di),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)均實現(xian)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)雜種(zhong)化(hua)。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,經省綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育種(zhong)委員會鑒定(ding)驗(yan)收,重點綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)育種(zhong)區(qu)(qu)巴(ba)音(yin)鄉(現(xian)在與(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)鎮合并)的(de)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),達(da)(da)到和(he)超過(guo)(guo)育種(zhong)指(zhi)標,通過(guo)(guo)驗(yan)收并被青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省人民政府命名為“青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)高原毛(mao)(mao)(mao)肉(rou)兼(jian)用(yong)半(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”,因該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)最早在茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)育種(zhong),因此(ci)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)老(lao)百姓稱其(qi)為“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),農業(ye)部將(jiang)烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)定(ding)為半(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)商品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。育成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)羅茨新蒙型半(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適應當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)高寒、干旱、缺(que)氧的(de)自然環境(jing),耐(nai)粗放管理,能登山遠牧,抓膘(biao)快,保膘(biao)好(hao),有較強的(de)抗病能力(li),遺傳性能穩(wen)定(ding)。改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革開放以來,青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)高原毛(mao)(mao)(mao)肉(rou)兼(jian)用(yong)半(ban)(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang))得到快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。據(ju)統計,1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存欄(lan)15.84萬(wan)只(zhi),到2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存欄(lan)25.23萬(wan)只(zhi)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)現(xian)有茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)10萬(wan)只(zhi),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)能繁母(mu)畜6萬(wan)只(zhi),到2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)(di),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養量達(da)(da)到41.4萬(wan)只(zhi)。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通過(guo)(guo)招(zhao)商引資組建了“青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省高原肉(rou)食品(pin)(pin)有限(xian)公(gong)司”,開展(zhan)(zhan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)系列產(chan)品(pin)(pin)加工。已(yi)開發(fa)(fa)有“涮羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)珍(zhen)”、“火鍋(guo)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)串(chuan)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)餡”等系列產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)于2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)注冊“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)洋”牌商標。經過(guo)(guo)幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),已(yi)初步(bu)形成(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、加工、銷售(shou)的(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)業(ye)鏈條,其(qi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)前景十(shi)分廣闊。
三.地域范圍
烏(wu)蘭(lan)茶(cha)卡羊養殖地域保護(hu)范圍為青海省烏(wu)蘭(lan)縣茶(cha)卡鎮境內。烏(wu)蘭(lan)地理坐標為:東(dong)經99°01′至(zhi)(zhi)99°27′,北(bei)(bei)緯36°19′至(zhi)(zhi)36°20′東(dong)西寬80公(gong)(gong)里,南北(bei)(bei)長(chang)30公(gong)(gong)里,幅(fu)員面積12858.16平方公(gong)(gong)里。產地適宜養植范圍東(dong)經98°54′至(zhi)(zhi)99°27′,北(bei)(bei)緯36°41′至(zhi)(zhi)36°50′,東(dong)西寬80公(gong)(gong)里,南北(bei)(bei)寬70公(gong)(gong)里,面積56平方公(gong)(gong)里。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特(te)征:青(qing)海(hai)高原毛肉兼用半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)及半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)改良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)的外貌(mao)特(te)征因(yin)選配公羊(yang)(yang)而(er)異。今茶卡地區改良(liang)歷(li)史較(jiao)長,導(dao)入羅(luo)血后,半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)及半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛改良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)呈傾向羅(luo)姆尼——瑪許親本體態,身軀發育(yu)勻稱,頭(tou)短(duan)(duan)寬(kuan),額寬(kuan)廣,鼻平(ping)直,嘴短(duan)(duan)而(er)粗,肩胛和前驅結合良(liang)好,胸深而(er)廣,筋骨開張良(liang)好,背平(ping)直,十字部(bu)(bu)寬(kuan)平(ping),臀股部(bu)(bu)豐滿,肢偏短(duan)(duan),蹄堅實(shi),多(duo)呈淡黑色。肉質鮮(xian)嫩、口(kou)味(wei)純(chun)(chun)正、肥而(er)不膩、滑而(er)爽口(kou)、口(kou)感地道(dao)純(chun)(chun)正,具滋補功效。是名(ming)副其(qi)實(shi)的純(chun)(chun)天然綠(lv)色食品。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標(biao):羊肉品質(zhi)優,營(ying)養價值較高。水分(fen)≥65.0%,總蛋白22~28.0%(實(shi)際(ji)值為28%);總脂肪4.0~5.5%(實(shi)際(ji)值為6.0%);粗纖維≤0.15%(實(shi)際(ji)值為0.1%);膽固醇(chun)≤700mg/kg;富(fu)含17種氨(an)基酸,氨(an)基酸總量19.01%。
3、安(an)全要(yao)求:衛生指標(biao)執行NY5147-2002《無公害食品羊(yang)肉》標(biao)準(zhun)規定。
五.特定生產方式
1、產地選擇與特殊內(nei)容(rong)規定:烏蘭(lan)茶卡(ka)羊生(sheng)(sheng)長在(zai)烏蘭(lan)縣茶卡(ka)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)中(zhong),生(sheng)(sheng)長環(huan)境(jing)(jing)具有獨特的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)、純天然、無(wu)(wu)污(wu)染的(de)優良天然草(cao)(cao)質。境(jing)(jing)內(nei)無(wu)(wu)工業(ye)污(wu)染,土(tu)壤(rang)、空(kong)氣(qi)、水質均(jun)優,原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)良好。草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)以山地草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、高寒草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、山地荒漠(mo)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、高寒荒漠(mo)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、山地草(cao)(cao)甸類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、高寒草(cao)(cao)甸類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、沼澤(ze)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)等(deng)草(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)類(lei)(lei)型,植被多樣且(qie)豐(feng)富,有禾(he)本科(ke)、莎草(cao)(cao)科(ke)、豆科(ke)、藜科(ke)、菊(ju)科(ke)等(deng)眾(zhong)多天然牧草(cao)(cao)品(pin)種,主要優中(zhong)等(deng)牧草(cao)(cao)有紫花(hua)針(zhen)茅、早熟禾(he)、垂穗(sui)披堿草(cao)(cao)、扇(shan)穗(sui)冰(bing)草(cao)(cao)、細葉苔、矮嵩(song)草(cao)(cao)、貝氏嵩(song)草(cao)(cao)、小(xiao)嵩(song)草(cao)(cao)、芨芨草(cao)(cao)、賴草(cao)(cao)、固沙草(cao)(cao)、鹽瓜瓜、紅沙、豬毛菜、堿逢、檉柳、梭梭等(deng)。為(wei)放養茶卡(ka)羊羊提供了豐(feng)富的(de)飼(si)草(cao)(cao)資源(yuan),農戶(hu)所用(yong)的(de)補(bu)飼(si)草(cao)(cao)料、精料都是(shi)當地生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)秸稈、馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)和豆類(lei)(lei)籽實或(huo)粉(fen)碎(sui)料。全縣境(jing)(jing)內(nei)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)、飲(yin)用(yong)水、大氣(qi)土(tu)壤(rang)均(jun)符合《環(huan)境(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)質量(liang)標準(zhun)》(GB3095)、《無(wu)(wu)公害食(shi)品(pin)畜禽飲(yin)用(yong)水水質》(NY5027-2001)、《綠色食(shi)品(pin)產地環(huan)境(jing)(jing)技術條件》(NT/T391-2000)的(de)要求,非(fei)常(chang)適合茶卡(ka)羊生(sheng)(sheng)產。
2、品種選擇(ze)與特(te)定要求(qiu):茶卡羊(yang)(yang)是經過長期(qi)的自(zi)然選擇(ze)和人工(gong)選育而(er)(er)成(cheng)的,生(sheng)產中選擇(ze)的羊(yang)(yang)符(fu)合以下特(te)征和要求(qiu):體(ti)(ti)質堅(jian)實,頭(tou)較長,著生(sheng)刺毛(mao)(mao),頸較細(xi)長,前驅發育較差,肩(jian)胛部稍高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),背平或稍凹,斜(xie)尻(kao),四肢高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)而(er)(er)健壯,蹄質堅(jian)實光(guang)滑,膝部和大(da)腿著生(sheng)刺毛(mao)(mao),公羊(yang)(yang)有螺旋大(da)角(jiao),母羊(yang)(yang)角(jiao)較細(xi)小,部分無角(jiao)。成(cheng)年母羊(yang)(yang)體(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)比(bi)周歲(sui)母羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)4%,比(bi)斷(duan)奶母羔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)18.3%;比(bi)周歲(sui)母羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)8.1%,比(bi)斷(duan)奶母羔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)9.5%;胸圍比(bi)周歲(sui)母羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)7.3%,比(bi)斷(duan)奶母羔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)19.5%。公羊(yang)(yang)成(cheng)年羊(yang)(yang)體(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)比(bi)周歲(sui)公羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)10.5%,體(ti)(ti)長高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)10.4%。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)理飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi):采(cai)用(yong)(yong)半放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)半舍飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi),夏秋兩季(ji)以(yi)(yi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,食(shi)天(tian)然牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),冬(dong)(dong)春(chun)兩季(ji)白天(tian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),晚(wan)(wan)上(shang)進行適(shi)當(dang)(dang)補(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。四季(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)要(yao)求;選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地應(ying)(ying)根據(ju)(ju)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)對象(xiang)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)水平綜合(he)(he)思考。春(chun)節草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang);放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)出(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)(yi)遲,歸(gui)(gui)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)(yi)早(zao),中(zhong)午(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)回圈,使(shi)(shi)羊(yang)只多(duo)(duo)吃(chi)些草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)以(yi)(yi)便(bian)羊(yang)只及(ji)(ji)早(zao)恢復體力,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)抓膘(biao)創造條(tiao)件。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防(fang)(fang)(fang)羊(yang)只因“搶青”而引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腹瀉(xie),由東草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)進入春(chun)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)應(ying)(ying)逐漸過(guo)渡,等(deng)(deng)羊(yang)只消化(hua)器官適(shi)應(ying)(ying)后(hou),再充(chong)分(fen)(fen)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)青草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。夏季(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang);應(ying)(ying)到(dao)高(gao)山(shan)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)場(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡(jin)(jin)量(liang)延長放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)間,宜(yi)(yi)早(zao)出(chu)晚(wan)(wan)歸(gui)(gui),使(shi)(shi)羊(yang)群盡(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)吃(chi)飽(bao),中(zhong)午(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)回圈,但(dan)在(zai)最熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候,可(ke)(ke)(ke)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)高(gao)燥涼(liang)爽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)在(zai)樹蔭(yin)下(xia),讓羊(yang)群臥(wo)憩。秋季(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang);羊(yang)群宜(yi)(yi)晚(wan)(wan)出(chu)晚(wan)(wan)歸(gui)(gui),中(zhong)午(wu)繼續放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)豐(feng)盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)腰和(he)(he)(he)山(shan)腳(jiao)地帶放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡(jin)(jin)量(liang)利(li)用(yong)(yong)較遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目地,抓好秋膘(biao),利(li)于越冬(dong)(dong)。在(zai)農區(qu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)半農半牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu),羊(yang)群還可(ke)(ke)(ke)到(dao)收(shou)(shou)過(guo)莊稼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茬地放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),對羊(yang)群營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)較大補(bu)(bu)益(yi)。冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang);應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)地勢較低和(he)(he)(he)山(shan)巒環抱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向陽平攤地區(qu)去放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)過(guo)遠(yuan),以(yi)(yi)便(bian)遇到(dao)天(tian)氣驟變時(shi)(shi)能(neng)很(hen)快返場(chang)(chang),保(bao)證(zheng)羊(yang)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)。冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務是(shi)保(bao)膘(biao)、保(bao)胎和(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)很(hen)長,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),應(ying)(ying)節約用(yong)(yong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地。應(ying)(ying)先(xian)遠(yuan)后(hou)近,先(xian)陰后(hou)陽,先(xian)高(gao)后(hou)低,先(xian)溝后(hou)平,玩出(chu)晚(wan)(wan)歸(gui)(gui),慢走漫(man)游。由放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)轉(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)補(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)驟變改(gai)變,以(yi)(yi)免引起(qi)便(bian)秘。羊(yang)群進入冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)前,最好進行整群,除老弱(ruo)羊(yang)和(he)(he)(he)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)太差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)當(dang)(dang)淘(tao)汰外,其余按營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)狀況組群放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze):飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)搭配按照(zhao)以(yi)(yi)青粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,適(shi)當(dang)(dang)補(bu)(bu)充(chong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則進行。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)清(qing)潔衛生(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)毒(du)無(wu)害。精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)根據(ju)(ju)各養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)戶生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食(shi)種類(lei)情(qing)況而定(ding),主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)、小(xiao)麥(mai)等(deng)(deng)經粉碎后(hou)做為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)直接用(yong)(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)、小(xiao)麥(mai)喂養(yang)(yang)(yang)。豆科(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)始花期(qi)(qi)到(dao)盛花期(qi)(qi)收(shou)(shou)割,禾(he)本(ben)科(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)抽穗期(qi)(qi)到(dao)花開(kai)(kai)期(qi)(qi)收(shou)(shou)割,干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曬(shai)制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)田間自然曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)法(fa)或(huo)(huo)(huo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)于木(mu)制(zhi)架上(shang)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)法(fa)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)青干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)率,在(zai)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂前將草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)切(qie)成(cheng)3厘米(mi)(mi)左右或(huo)(huo)(huo)打成(cheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)粉飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂。 管(guan)理方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi):種公(gong)羊(yang)全(quan)年(nian)保(bao)證(zheng)供給較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)物質,并給予適(shi)當(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong),在(zai)配種旺季(ji),混合(he)(he)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)1.2~1.4kg,苜(mu)蓿干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)2 kg胡(hu)蘿卜0.5~1.5kg,食(shi)鹽(yan)15~20kg。分(fen)(fen)2~3次(ci)給草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao),飲(yin)水3~4次(ci),每(mei)日(ri)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)運動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)間約為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6h。后(hou)備種公(gong)羊(yang)與母羊(yang)分(fen)(fen)開(kai)(kai)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang),便(bian)于補(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)及(ji)(ji)管(guan)理。羔羊(yang)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)后(hou),14d即(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)訓練(lian)早(zao)吃(chi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao),30d以(yi)(yi)內羔羊(yang)每(mei)天(tian)每(mei)只補(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)50~100g,1~2月(yue)(yue)(yue)齡補(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)150g,日(ri)喂2次(ci)。3~4月(yue)(yue)(yue)齡補(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)200g,日(ri)喂2~3次(ci)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)種類(lei)應(ying)(ying)多(duo)(duo)樣化(hua),最好有(you)(you)(you)(you)豆餅(bing)、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)、麩皮等(deng)(deng)3種以(yi)(yi)上(shang)混合(he)(he),并可(ke)(ke)(ke)混入2%食(shi)鹽(yan)和(he)(he)(he)2.5%—3%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦物質,另外補(bu)(bu)喂優(you)質干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)(he)多(duo)(duo)汁飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)。育(yu)(yu)肥羊(yang)管(guan)理方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi):茶(cha)卡羊(yang)育(yu)(yu)肥方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩種:一是(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)肥,是(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)天(tian)然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)、人工(gong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)秋茬地放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),大羊(yang)包括淘(tao)汰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)、母種羊(yang)、兩年(nian)未懷(huai)孕不(bu)(bu)能(neng)繁殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空懷(huai)母羊(yang),放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)禾(he)本(ben)科(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)較多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)。羔羊(yang)主要(yao)指斷奶(nai)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)后(hou)備公(gong)羔羊(yang),適(shi)宜(yi)(yi)在(zai)以(yi)(yi)豆科(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第一期(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)肥安(an)排(pai)(pai)在(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)到(dao)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun),則第一個(ge)(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)全(quan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第二(er)個(ge)(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)補(bu)(bu)加精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)每(mei)只每(mei)日(ri)200kg,此(ci)后(hou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)補(bu)(bu)加到(dao)400kg;第二(er)期(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)肥安(an)排(pai)(pai)在(zai)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)到(dao)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)底(di),則第一個(ge)(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)加精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)200~300k。第二(er)個(ge)(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)補(bu)(bu)加精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)500g;二(er)是(shi)舍飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)育(yu)(yu)肥,是(shi)育(yu)(yu)肥都在(zai)冬(dong)(dong)春(chun)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)枯萎時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),或(huo)(huo)(huo)在(zai)屠宰短期(qi)(qi)內進行,所(suo)用(yong)(yong)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)除優(you)良(liang)豆科(ke)、禾(he)本(ben)科(ke)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)外,還有(you)(you)(you)(you)工(gong)業加工(gong)副產(chan)品如酒糟(zao)、油餅(bing)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)含淀粉高(gao)農副產(chan)品。疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治:嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)國家有(you)(you)(you)(you)關規定(ding)進行羊(yang)只口(kou)蹄疫(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)注射,根據(ju)(ju)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)發生(sheng)(sheng)情(qing)況進行羊(yang)傳(chuan)染性胸膜肺炎(yan)和(he)(he)(he)羊(yang)四聯苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免疫(yi)(yi),所(suo)用(yong)(yong)疫(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)全(quan)部(bu)來自省、市級動(dong)(dong)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)監督(du)機構。嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)《獸醫(yi)管(guan)理條(tiao)例》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)獸藥和(he)(he)(he)疫(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)。在(zai)縣動(dong)(dong)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)監督(du)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導和(he)(he)(he)監督(du)下(xia),由各鎮畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)獸醫(yi)員(yuan)負責疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治等(deng)(deng)各項具體工(gong)作。
4、茶卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)屠宰(zai)、加(jia)工(gong)技術 茶卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)屠宰(zai)為人工(gong)操(cao)作,用(yong)尖刀(dao)在羊(yang)(yang)只枕寰關節處(chu)穿(chuan)刺,切斷脊(ji)椎神經,再割斷頸動脈放血,然(ran)后(hou)剝皮(pi),去頭、蹄,取出內(nei)臟,羊(yang)(yang)腸去除內(nei)容物(wu)并(bing)洗(xi)凈后(hou)和(he)羊(yang)(yang)肉進行深加(jia)工(gong)或將(jiang)羊(yang)(yang)肉剁(duo)成(cheng)適(shi)度大小的(de)(de)(de)坨(tuo)坨(tuo),煮熟后(hou)即可食用(yong),可不加(jia)任何(he)調味(wei)品,撒(sa)少(shao)許(xu)鹽,也可撒(sa)上適(shi)量(liang)鹽、辣(la)椒,花椒等(deng),依個人口(kou)味(wei)而定。羊(yang)(yang)產(chan)品深加(jia)工(gong)目(mu)前(qian)主要(yao)有 “青海省(sheng)(sheng)藏源肉食品公司”、“青海省(sheng)(sheng)高原(yuan)肉食品公司”兩家(jia)企業(ye),主要(yao)生產(chan)“涮羊(yang)(yang)肉”、“羊(yang)(yang)珍(zhen)”、“火鍋羊(yang)(yang)肉”、“羊(yang)(yang)肉串”、“羊(yang)(yang)肉餡”等(deng)“茶卡(ka)(ka)(ka)洋”牌(pai)系列產(chan)品,并(bing)上市(shi)銷售(shou),市(shi)場(chang)前(qian)景(jing)看好。并(bing)制(zhi)定有產(chan)品加(jia)工(gong)技術標準(zhun)5、生產(chan)記(ji)錄要(yao)求(qiu):烏蘭縣農牧(mu)局(ju)專業(ye)技術人員和(he)烏蘭縣那仁(ren)郭勒養(yang)殖專業(ye)合作社負(fu)責茶卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)生產(chan)各環節的(de)(de)(de)技術培訓與指導、信息服(fu)務(wu)、質量(liang)監(jian)督檢查(cha)等(deng)方面的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作。具體的(de)(de)(de)現場(chang)指導、服(fu)務(wu)、監(jian)督及(ji)疫病防治工(gong)作由(you)茶卡(ka)(ka)(ka)鎮畜牧(mu)獸(shou)醫(yi)站組織(zhi)實(shi)施,重點監(jian)督飼料、獸(shou)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong),按規定和(he)需要(yao)開展口(kou)蹄疫、羊(yang)(yang)痘、傳染性(xing)胸膜(mo)肺炎的(de)(de)(de)防疫,建立健全免疫(包(bao)括:疫苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱(cheng)、生產(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)、批號(hao)、劑量(liang)、免疫時間等(deng))、用(yong)藥(yao)、無(wu)害(hai)化處(chu)理等(deng)養(yang)殖檔案記(ji)錄,以(yi)備查(cha)閱。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
1、技術要求、檢驗方(fang)法、貯藏和運(yun)輸:按照NY5147-2002《無公害食品羊肉》相關要求執(zhi)行。
2、標識(shi)和包裝(zhuang):標識(shi)按照《農產品地(di)理標志管理辦(ban)法》第十四(si)條規定執行;包裝(zhuang)上規范使用農產品地(di)理標志(烏蘭縣茶卡(ka)羊名稱和公共標識(shi)圖(tu)案組合標注型式(shi))。