一.產品介紹
“翠(cui)碧一號(hao)(hao)”屬于全(quan)(quan)國兩大特(te)色(se)(se)(se)烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)種之一。烤(kao)后煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)顏色(se)(se)(se)多呈桔黃色(se)(se)(se),色(se)(se)(se)澤飽滿(man)、組織細(xi)致(zhi)、結構疏(shu)松、厚度適中、油分(fen)足(zu)、彈性強。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)具有比較(jiao)典型的(de)清(qing)(qing)香(xiang)型風格特(te)征,清(qing)(qing)雅飄逸,香(xiang)氣量足(zu)、豐滿(man)細(xi)膩綿長,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)味(wei)厚實飽滿(man),吃味(wei)醇(chun)和(he)(he)、余味(wei)干凈(jing)、生(sheng)雜氣較(jiao)少,出(chu)絲(si)率高(gao)、配(pei)伍性好、醇(chun)化時間(jian)段(duan)短。 三明市種煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)歷史(shi)(shi)悠久,始于明朝(chao)萬(wan)歷年(nian)(nian)間(jian),迄今已有近(jin)四百年(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)(shi)。近(jin)代(dai)(dai)以前,種植(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)類型多為(wei)曬煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),以沙(sha)縣夏茂曬煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)最為(wei)有名,曾有“煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)魁”的(de)美譽。烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種植(zhi)始于上世紀六、七(qi)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai),1988年(nian)(nian)烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種植(zhi)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)市范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)全(quan)(quan)面推廣(guang),1991年(nian)(nian)后種植(zhi)規(gui)模迅速擴大,躍居全(quan)(quan)省之首。“翠(cui)碧一號(hao)(hao)”是福建省三明市寧化縣1977年(nian)(nian)從“特(te)字401”煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)田變異株中選育而成的(de),1982年(nian)(nian)被(bei)正(zheng)式定名為(wei)“翠(cui)碧一號(hao)(hao)”。1989年(nian)(nian)6月,該品(pin)種通過省級審(shen)評。1991年(nian)(nian), 翠(cui)碧一號(hao)(hao)被(bei)全(quan)(quan)國煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草品(pin)種審(shen)定委員(yuan)會認(ren)定為(wei)“推廣(guang)良(liang)種”。 二十(shi)一世紀初,三明煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區著(zhu)力(li)培(pei)育特(te)色(se)(se)(se)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區,大力(li)加強 “良(liang)種、良(liang)法、良(liang)烤(kao)”綜(zong)合(he)配(pei)套技術研究及推廣(guang),有效(xiao)克服了(le)推廣(guang)初期(qi)單產低(di)、病害重(zhong)(zhong)、烘(hong)烤(kao)難(nan)等(deng)生(sheng)產瓶頸,同時積極爭取上級政策扶持,注重(zhong)(zhong)加強工商(shang)合(he)作,有效(xiao)推動了(le)該品(pin)種的(de)發展壯大。近(jin)幾年(nian)(nian),三明市“翠(cui)碧一號(hao)(hao)”種植(zhi)規(gui)模穩(wen)定在(zai)80萬(wan)擔左右,已穩(wen)步進入國內(nei)眾多重(zhong)(zhong)點工業企業和(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)點卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)牌(如:中華(hua)、蘇煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、白沙(sha)、黃鶴樓、七(qi)匹(pi)狼等(deng))的(de)配(pei)方(fang),并(bing)在(zai)這些骨干卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)牌的(de)配(pei)方(fang)中發揮著(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)作用。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況(kuang):全(quan)(quan)市(shi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)有紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)、山地(di)(di)草甸土(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)、石灰土(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)和(he)水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)等7類,其中(zhong)水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)面積(ji)162000.03公頃,占土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)總面積(ji)的(de)7.07%,占耕地(di)(di)總面積(ji)的(de)95.63%,是(shi)主要的(de)耕作土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)。水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)耕作層(ceng)深厚,質地(di)(di)疏松,透氣性好,土(tu)(tu)質弱酸,pH在(zai)4.6~7.5之間;有機質含(han)量(liang)比(bi)較豐(feng)富,平均3.06%;全(quan)(quan)氮(dan)貯量(liang)豐(feng)富,平均1.5g/kg,速效氮(dan)適中(zhong),堿(jian)解氮(dan)151.95mg/kg;速效磷(lin)含(han)量(liang)比(bi)較豐(feng)富,磷(lin)的(de)供給(gei)比(bi)較充足(zu),平均22.46mg/kg;速效鉀平均40.55mg/kg。全(quan)(quan)市(shi)屬多山丘(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)(di)帶(dai),以(yi)(yi)低山為主、多山地(di)(di)多丘(qiu)陵(ling)多盆(pen)(pen)谷(gu)的(de)層(ceng)狀結(jie)構明(ming)顯,可分(fen)為山地(di)(di)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)、河谷(gu)平原與崗(gang)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)及水(shui)域4類,其中(zhong)山地(di)(di)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)與盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)面積(ji)占99%以(yi)(yi)上,河谷(gu)平原與崗(gang)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)及水(shui)面不到1%。全(quan)(quan)市(shi)森(sen)林覆蓋率(lv)達76.8%,素有“綠色寶庫”之美稱。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):三(san)明(ming)境(jing)域(yu)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)甚(shen)多(duo)(duo)(duo),河(he)(he)網密(mi)度大于(yu)(yu)0.13公里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)/平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。多(duo)(duo)(duo)數屬閩江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,少數屬汀江(jiang)(jiang)、九龍江(jiang)(jiang)和江(jiang)(jiang)西省(sheng)琴江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)干(gan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)大致順(shun)構造線發(fa)(fa)育(yu),構成不對(dui)稱的樹枝(zhi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)格(ge)子(zi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。 沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)境(jing)內(nei)第(di)(di)一大溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),為(wei)(wei)閩江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游三(san)大支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、建(jian)(jian)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、富(fu)(fu)屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi))之一,發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)寧(ning)縣(xian)均(jun)口鎮嚴(yan)峰(feng)山(shan)南(nan)麓,向南(nan)經寧(ning)化縣(xian)、清流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)縣(xian)、永安(an)市、三(san)明(ming)市區(qu)、沙縣(xian)至(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)市沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)口與富(fu)(fu)屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)匯合(he),注(zhu)入(ru)閩江(jiang)(jiang),全長(chang)322公里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積11770平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占全境(jing)總面(mian)積的51.3%,年徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量96億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。金溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)三(san)明(ming)市第(di)(di)二大河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),也(ye)是(shi)閩江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游富(fu)(fu)屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)重要的支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)之一。源(yuan)(yuan)頭有二:一為(wei)(wei)寧(ning)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)寧(ning)化縣(xian)安(an)遠(yuan)鄉武夷山(shan)麓;二為(wei)(wei)瀾溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)寧(ning)縣(xian)客坊(fang)鄉中(zhong)畬,二溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)自合(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口匯合(he)后始稱金溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。金溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)自合(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口向東北經泰(tai)寧(ning)縣(xian)、將樂縣(xian)至(zhi)(zhi)順(shun)昌縣(xian)注(zhu)入(ru)富(fu)(fu)屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),全長(chang)253公里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積7201平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。尤溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)閩江(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)游的一級支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),長(chang)171公里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積5436平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位3~5.7米(mi),金溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)1.77~3.18米(mi),尤溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游均(jun)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)大田(tian)站為(wei)(wei)3.65米(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)位的季(ji)節和年際變化都較(jiao)大,具暴漲(zhang)暴落特征。通(tong)常每年5、6月份水(shui)(shui)(shui)位最高(gao),11月至(zhi)(zhi)翌年2月水(shui)(shui)(shui)位最低,相差1~2米(mi),甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)11~12米(mi)(如尤溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi))。三(san)明(ming)市地表(biao)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豐富(fu)(fu),多(duo)(duo)(duo)年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量約215.83億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。各水(shui)(shui)(shui)系在(zai)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)期主要以地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)補給,其水(shui)(shui)(shui)化學特征基本(ben)上(shang)(shang)(shang)與流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)內(nei)地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)類似(si),基本(ben)上(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)淡綠、黃綠色(se)、透明(ming)、無臭的中(zhong)性(xing)、弱酸(suan)性(xing)軟水(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)類型為(wei)(wei)HCO3-Ca.Na(或(huo)Na.Ca)型。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況:三明(ming)市氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候類型屬(shu)中亞熱帶(dai)海(hai)洋性季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,四季分明(ming),年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在(zai)16.8℃~19.4℃,最熱月(yue)7月(yue)份平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)27℃~29℃,最冷月(yue)1月(yue)份平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在(zai)5℃~9℃,無霜期258~306天(tian),年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降水量1550mm~1830mm,相對濕度(du)79~84%,年(nian)(nian)日照數1600~1790小時,年(nian)(nian)活動積溫(wen)≥10℃在(zai)4000~6000℃之間。
三.地域范圍
三(san)明(ming)市位于(yu)福建省西(xi)北(bei)部(bu),武夷山(shan)脈和戴(dai)云山(shan)脈之(zhi)間(jian),地(di)理座標介于(yu)東經116°22ˊ~118°36ˊ和北(bei)緯25°29ˊ~27°07ˊ之(zhi)間(jian)。東接(jie)福州市,南連龍巖(yan)、泉州市,北(bei)鄰南平市,西(xi)同江西(xi)省毗鄰。三(san)明(ming)翠碧(bi)一號烤煙生(sheng)產地(di)域范圍包括(kuo)三(san)明(ming)市行政區域內(nei)三(san)元(yuan)、梅列、寧(ning)化、清流、明(ming)溪、永安、大田、尤溪、沙縣(xian)、蔣樂、泰寧(ning)、建寧(ning)等12個縣(xian)(市、區)71個鄉(xiang)鎮,總生(sheng)產面積2萬(wan)公頃,總產量4萬(wan)噸(dun)左(zuo)右。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外(wai)觀(guan)感官(guan)特(te)征:“翠碧一號(hao)”系全(quan)國煙(yan)草品種審定委員會認(ren)定的推廣烤煙(yan)良種,屬(shu)于全(quan)國兩(liang)大特(te)色(se)烤煙(yan)品種之一。烤后(hou)煙(yan)葉(xie)顏色(se)多呈(cheng)桔(jie)黃色(se),色(se)澤飽滿、組織(zhi)細(xi)致(zhi)、結構疏松、厚(hou)度適中、油分足、彈(dan)性強(qiang)。煙(yan)葉(xie)具有比較典型的清香型風格特(te)征,清雅飄逸,香氣量足、豐滿細(xi)膩綿(mian)長,煙(yan)味(wei)(wei)厚(hou)實飽滿,吃味(wei)(wei)醇(chun)和(he)、余味(wei)(wei)干凈、生雜氣較少,出絲率高、配伍性好(hao)、醇(chun)化時(shi)間段短。
2、安全要求:符合《烤(kao)煙》(GB2635-1992)。
五.特定生產方式
本部分內容主要描述影響登(deng)記產品品質特色形(xing)成和(he)保持的特定生產方(fang)式:
1、產地要(yao)求(qiu)。 土(tu)壤(rang)要(yao)求(qiu):選擇的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)為(wei)(wei)水稻(dao)土(tu)、紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)、紫色(se)土(tu)。土(tu)壤(rang)質地為(wei)(wei)砂壤(rang)、壤(rang)土(tu)、中壤(rang)。結構疏松,通(tong)透性好(hao),孔隙度(du)40~50%,容重小(xiao)于1.6, 耕作(zuo)層大于15cm,坡度(du)小(xiao)于15°。有(you)機質:2~4%;堿解氮130~170mg/kg; 速(su)效磷15~25 mg/kg;速(su)效鉀平均40.55 mg/kg;pH值5.0~7.0;0~60cm土(tu)層氯離(li)子小(xiao)于30mg/kg。 氣候要(yao)求(qiu):年平均氣溫(wen)(wen)17~19.4℃,全(quan)生長期≥10℃積溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)4000℃以(yi)(yi)上(shang),平均溫(wen)(wen)度(du)19~22℃,20~28℃的(de)天(tian)數(shu)在(zai)80d以(yi)(yi)上(shang),日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)750~850h。采(cai)收(shou)期日(ri)平均氣溫(wen)(wen)20~28℃的(de)天(tian)數(shu)≥60d,平均日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)≥5h/d,累(lei)計降(jiang)水量380~580mm。11月(yue)上(shang)旬播種,1月(yue)底(di)前育出(chu)適齡壯苗,2月(yue)上(shang)旬移栽,4月(yue)下(xia)旬進入(ru)煙(yan)(yan)葉成熟采(cai)收(shou)期,煙(yan)(yan)葉采(cai)收(shou)時間達45~60d。 水質要(yao)求(qiu):總砷≤0.05 mg/L,總汞≤0.001mg/L,總鎘(ge)≤0.005 mg/L,總鉛≤0.1 mg/L,氯≤160 mg/L,有(you)機磷類≤0.05 mg/L,有(you)機氯類≤0.05mg/L,菊酯(zhi)類≤0.03mg/L。 前茬作(zuo)物要(yao)求(qiu):建立以(yi)(yi)煙(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)耕作(zuo)制度(du),實行“煙(yan)(yan)稻(dao)輪(lun)作(zuo)”,提倡隔年輪(lun)作(zuo),以(yi)(yi)水稻(dao)、玉米、豆(dou)類等為(wei)(wei)前茬,禁止與煙(yan)(yan)草同源病(bing)蟲害的(de)茄科(ke)、葫蘆科(ke)作(zuo)物連作(zuo)、對茬。
2、品種(zhong)要(yao)求。 品種(zhong)為“翠碧一(yi)號”,采取(qu)單行高(gao)壟種(zhong)植,中等(deng)肥力田(tian)塊,株行距(ju)為0.5m×1.2m,每667平方米種(zhong)植1100株,以(yi)發(fa)揮群(qun)體(ti)優勢,保證(zheng)煙株個體(ti)發(fa)育與(yu)群(qun)體(ti)生長的協(xie)調。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)控制。 為(wei)加強(qiang)(qiang)三明翠碧一(yi)號烤煙(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),使(shi)烤煙(yan)(yan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品達到優(you)質(zhi)、適產(chan)(chan)(chan)、安全,特制定(ding)(ding)以下各項(xiang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制度(du): 育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)技術要(yao)求(qiu):育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)方式為(wei)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)盤(pan)(pan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全新黑色PVC片材制成(cheng),100穴(xue)/盤(pan)(pan),長(chang)(chang)×寬(kuan)×高(gao)(gao)=58.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×32厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×4.4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),成(cheng)型(xing)孔(kong)上口徑×下底徑×孔(kong)深(shen)=4.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×1.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×4.4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),重量≥90克/盤(pan)(pan)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)場(chang)地(di)(di)應選(xuan)(xuan)擇避風向陽、地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)坦、地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)位低(di)、有(you)(you)(you)潔(jie)凈(jing)水(shui)(shui)源(井水(shui)(shui)、自來水(shui)(shui))、交通(tong)方便(bian)、遠離影響(xiang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)棚光照的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑物等(deng)(deng)(deng)物體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方,禁止(zhi)在菜地(di)(di)、茄科作(zuo)物地(di)(di)及當年煙(yan)(yan)地(di)(di)建(jian)棚,以防(fang)(fang)傳染病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)。推廣竹木結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)棚育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),中(zhong)棚規格為(wei)長(chang)(chang)20.5m、寬(kuan)3.4m、高(gao)(gao)1.7m,可提(ti)供20畝(mu)大田(tian)(tian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),中(zhong)間是寬(kuan)40厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)走道,邊(bian)道寬(kuan)20厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)新鮮干凈(jing)過篩(shai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與(yu)烤煙(yan)(yan)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基(ji)質(zhi),按(an)3︰7(體(ti)(ti)(ti)積比)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例混(hun)合,充分攪拌均勻后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)裝盤(pan)(pan),基(ji)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)把握要(yao)求(qiu)以用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手能(neng)握成(cheng)團(tuan)、松手自然散開(kai)為(wei)宜。每穴(xue)播2粒包衣(yi)種子,播完后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)在盤(pan)(pan)上方均勻反復用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)噴霧器噴灑(sa)清水(shui)(shui),使(shi)種子包衣(yi)充分裂解,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)將塑(su)料(liao)托盤(pan)(pan)兩(liang)個(ge)并排(pai)擺(bai)放在育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)畦(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)料(liao)膜(mo)上。育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)營(ying)養液(ye)N︰P205︰k20=2︰1︰2,肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)中(zhong)還(huan)含有(you)(you)(you)鈣、鎂、銅、鋅、硫、鐵、錳(meng)、硼(peng)、鉬等(deng)(deng)(deng)中(zhong)微量元素(su)。在育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)期(qi),要(yao)注意補(bu)(bu)充營(ying)養液(ye),保(bao)持小池中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養液(ye)液(ye)面(mian)在1cm左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右,當第二(er)次(ci)(ci)剪葉結(jie)束(shu)還(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),斷(duan)去苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui),改用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灑(sa)水(shui)(shui)壺(hu)噴灑(sa)營(ying)養液(ye)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)齡70~90天(tian)(tian)(tian),并結(jie)合剪葉、煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),達到根(gen)(gen)系(xi)發(fa)達,側根(gen)(gen)數多,個(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)壯,群(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)整齊一(yi)致(zhi),無病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai);真葉7片~9片,葉色濃(nong)淡適中(zhong),莖桿柔韌繞手指不(bu)斷(duan),莖粗0.5cm~0.7cm,莖桿高(gao)(gao)度(du)5cm~10cm。 移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)技術要(yao)求(qiu):推行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)膜(mo)覆蓋栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei),移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)前(qian)15~25天(tian)(tian)(tian),先進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粗整畦(qi),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)在壟(long)中(zhong)間開(kai)深(shen)15cm~20cm,寬(kuan)15cm~20cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條溝(gou),施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條溝(gou)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)將條溝(gou)填平(ping)、壟(long)體(ti)(ti)(ti)整高(gao)(gao),整細、整平(ping)壟(long)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表面(mian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)塊,使(shi)壟(long)體(ti)(ti)(ti)飽滿,再蓋膜(mo)待栽(zai)(zai)。 每667平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)煙(yan)(yan)草(cao)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)復混(hun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)43公斤(jin)(jin)、硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀10公斤(jin)(jin)、硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀10公斤(jin)(jin)、氧化鎂10公斤(jin)(jin)、充分腐熟(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500公斤(jin)(jin),煙(yan)(yan)草(cao)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)復混(hun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全作(zuo)為(wei)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀全作(zuo)為(wei)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀一(yi)半(ban)為(wei)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)︰追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)=8︰2。根(gen)(gen)據土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)、質(zhi)地(di)(di)等(deng)(deng)(deng)確(que)定(ding)(ding)密(mi)度(du),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)較好、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚、排(pai)灌方便(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)塊行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距115cm~120cm,株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)距50cm~55cm,每667平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)種植1050~1100株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)較差,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層較淺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)塊,行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距110cm~115cm,株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)距45cm~50cm,每667平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)種植1100~1200株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)器定(ding)(ding)距開(kai)穴(xue)種植“膜(mo)上煙(yan)(yan)”,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)營(ying)養土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)作(zuo)穴(xue)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、鈣鎂磷、火燒(shao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、山(shan)表凈(jing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)提(ti)前(qian)10-15天(tian)(tian)(tian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)堆漚,施(shi)(shi)氮量約占總施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5%)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)煙(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)成(cheng)活(huo)率。移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)澆足定(ding)(ding)根(gen)(gen)水(shui)(shui),促進(jin)煙(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)盡早(zao)返苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。 大田(tian)(tian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)技術要(yao)求(qiu):煙(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)要(yao)能(neng)夠早(zao)生(sheng)(sheng)快發(fa),正(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),煙(yan)(yan)葉田(tian)(tian)間長(chang)(chang)相為(wei)中(zhong)棵(ke)(ke)煙(yan)(yan),個(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)健壯,群(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)均衡,營(ying)養協調,分層落黃。移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)3~5天(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)還(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi);移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)35~45天(tian)(tian)(tian)達到團(tuan)棵(ke)(ke)期(qi);栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)45~55天(tian)(tian)(tian)進(jin)入(ru)旺(wang)長(chang)(chang)期(qi);栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)70天(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右開(kai)始現蕾,80天(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右煙(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)本定(ding)(ding)形,進(jin)入(ru)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)期(qi)。查(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)補(bu)(bu)缺:移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)內進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)查(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)補(bu)(bu)缺,先消除造成(cheng)缺苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)如蟲(chong)害(hai)或肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)害(hai)等(deng)(deng)(deng),再選(xuan)(xuan)取老壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)補(bu)(bu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),并對新補(bu)(bu)煙(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)重點(dian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),偏施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui),促進(jin)快速生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang),保(bao)證煙(yan)(yan)田(tian)(tian)植株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)整齊一(yi)致(zhi);掀膜(mo)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、揭膜(mo):當煙(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)處(chu)于(yu)大開(kai)盤(pan)(pan)至團(tuan)棵(ke)(ke)期(qi)時進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)掀膜(mo)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),改善根(gen)(gen)系(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)境,促進(jin)煙(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang),并于(yu)4月10日前(qian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)揭膜(mo),以降(jiang)低(di)壟(long)體(ti)(ti)(ti)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)溫(wen)度(du),防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)根(gen)(gen)莖性(xing)病(bing)害(hai)流行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。打頂(ding)與(yu)留葉:肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng),煙(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)營(ying)養正(zheng)常(chang),發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)田(tian)(tian),在10%中(zhong)心花初開(kai)時結(jie)合小于(yu)15cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無效(xiao)葉進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)打頂(ding),確(que)保(bao)頂(ding)葉能(neng)夠正(zheng)常(chang)開(kai)面(mian),有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)葉達18-22片。 病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)技術要(yao)求(qiu):堅(jian)持“預防(fang)(fang)為(wei)主,綜(zong)合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則,突出農業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)(shi),以栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)避病(bing)為(wei)基(ji)礎,加強(qiang)(qiang)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)預測預報,建(jian)立容(rong)自然控制、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)調控、物理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)及高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)低(di)毒低(di)殘留農藥配套(tao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)為(wei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)草(cao)有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)物綜(zong)合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi),長(chang)(chang)期(qi)穩定(ding)(ding)地(di)(di)把病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失降(jiang)到最低(di)限度(du),保(bao)障優(you)質(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)葉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。
4、產品處(chu)理。 成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)采收(shou)(shou)(shou)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):基本(ben)原(yuan)則(ze)為(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)適時(shi)早(zao)采,中部(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)采收(shou)(shou)(shou),上部(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)采收(shou)(shou)(shou)”。下(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)適時(shi)早(zao)采,第一(yi)次采收(shou)(shou)(shou)在打頂后5-7天(tian)(tian)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)行,采收(shou)(shou)(shou)標準為(wei)(wei)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面綠色(se)(se)稍有消退(tui),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)色(se)(se)仍(reng)以(yi)綠為(wei)(wei)主(zhu);中部(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)穩(wen)采,在下(xia)(xia)(xia)二棚(peng)采收(shou)(shou)(shou)后停7-10天(tian)(tian)左右,采收(shou)(shou)(shou)標準為(wei)(wei)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片主(zhu)脈(mo)(mo)發白,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面基本(ben)全黃(huang)(huang),僅有少(shao)許(xu)青色(se)(se);上部(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)采收(shou)(shou)(shou),采收(shou)(shou)(shou)標準為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)支(zhi)脈(mo)(mo)全白,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)鮮明,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)色(se)(se)以(yi)黃(huang)(huang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。多(duo)云(yun)、陰天(tian)(tian)整天(tian)(tian)均(jun)可采收(shou)(shou)(shou),以(yi)午后采收(shou)(shou)(shou)為(wei)(wei)佳。雨(yu)天(tian)(tian)不宜采收(shou)(shou)(shou),晴熱干(gan)旱天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)宜早(zao)晨傍晚采收(shou)(shou)(shou)。 綁(bang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)烤(kao)(kao)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):鮮煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)初分(fen)(fen)(fen):煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采收(shou)(shou)(shou)后,先(xian)進(jin)(jin)行鮮煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類,分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)正常成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)、成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)略(lve)高、成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)略(lve)低、病蟲為(wei)(wei)害(hai)等(deng)(deng)特(te)殊煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)四類。 限葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)綁(bang)竿(gan):密集式烤(kao)(kao)房,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)3片一(yi)束,1.45m長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)竿(gan),每(mei)(mei)竿(gan)50束、約150片;應使用蔴繩(sheng)、棉線等(deng)(deng)植物(wu)纖維作為(wei)(wei)綁(bang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)材料;杜絕采用橡膠、塑料等(deng)(deng)化(hua)(hua)學物(wu)質材料用于綁(bang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。 掛竿(gan)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)烤(kao)(kao):裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)烤(kao)(kao)前要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類統計(ji)出總竿(gan)數(shu),確(que)定每(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)所裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)竿(gan)數(shu),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)同(tong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)均(jun)勻,上下(xia)(xia)(xia)疏(shu)密一(yi)致,成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)好的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)中層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)差的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),過熟(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),觀察(cha)窗周圍要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)有代表性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。上部(bu)(bu)、含水量少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),氣(qi)候干(gan)旱的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)(xia),應適當(dang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)密,烘烤(kao)(kao)時(shi)有利于保濕(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)黃(huang)(huang);中、下(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),含水分(fen)(fen)(fen)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),下(xia)(xia)(xia)雨(yu)天(tian)(tian)采收(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),應適當(dang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)稀,有利于排濕(shi)。 調(diao)制(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):調(diao)制(zhi)設(she)施為(wei)(wei)密集式烤(kao)(kao)房。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)烘烤(kao)(kao)原(yuan)則(ze),根據(ju)田間煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)發育狀況,以(yi)及(ji)所采鮮煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)質量特(te)點及(ji)其在烘烤(kao)(kao)中的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua),靈活(huo)進(jin)(jin)行各項(xiang)控制(zhi)操作。按(an)(an)照(zhao)三段式烘烤(kao)(kao)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),變(bian)(bian)(bian)黃(huang)(huang)期(qi)(qi)把握充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)變(bian)(bian)(bian)黃(huang)(huang)凋萎,促進(jin)(jin)淀粉的(de)(de)(de)轉化(hua)(hua);定色(se)(se)期(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)適時(shi)排濕(shi)定色(se)(se);干(gan)筋(jin)期(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)避免高溫(wen)烤(kao)(kao)紅等(deng)(deng)問題(ti)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)黃(huang)(huang)凋萎期(qi)(qi):促進(jin)(jin)內含物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)轉化(hua)(hua)特(te)別是(shi)(shi)淀粉、蛋白質及(ji)色(se)(se)素的(de)(de)(de)降解和香氣(qi)前體(ti)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)。其技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)領(ling)是(shi)(shi)“穩(wen)住(zhu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du),調(diao)整濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du),控制(zhi)燒火,延(yan)長(chang)時(shi)間,確(que)保煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)變(bian)(bian)(bian)黃(huang)(huang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)軟”。干(gan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)定色(se)(se)期(qi)(qi):促進(jin)(jin)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)筋(jin)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)變(bian)(bian)(bian)黃(huang)(huang)和最佳顏色(se)(se)固定,促進(jin)(jin)香氣(qi)聚合(he)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)和積(ji)累。其技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)領(ling)是(shi)(shi)“加大燒火,穩(wen)住(zhu)濕(shi)球(qiu)(qiu),升高干(gan)球(qiu)(qiu)”。干(gan)筋(jin)期(qi)(qi):減少(shao)香氣(qi)物(wu)質揮發,徹底干(gan)燥煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)筋(jin)。其技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)領(ling)為(wei)(wei)“穩(wen)住(zhu)火力,控制(zhi)干(gan)球(qiu)(qiu),限制(zhi)濕(shi)球(qiu)(qiu),減少(shao)通風,適時(shi)停火”。 等(deng)(deng)級判(pan)定技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):嚴格按(an)(an)照(zhao)國家烤(kao)(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)42級標準(GB2635-1992)。
5、生產記錄(lu)要求。 對煙葉(xie)種植(zhi)地點,前茬作物,土壤質地,種植(zhi)品種,播種時(shi)間(jian),移栽時(shi)間(jian),所施(shi)用肥(fei)(fei)料名(ming)稱、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方式、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)時(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量(liang),施(shi)用農(nong)藥名(ming)稱、施(shi)藥方式、施(shi)藥時(shi)間(jian),煙葉(xie)采收(shou)、調(diao)制、收(shou)購(gou)等(deng)項目的日期(qi)、方式、數量(liang)等(deng)進行(xing)詳細的記錄(lu)。