定安(an)黑豬(zhu)是海(hai)南省老牌地方優良品種,是引進(jin)美國杜洛(luo)克公豬(zhu)與定安(an)本地母(mu)豬(zhu)雜交(jiao)培(pei)育出來的,具(ju)有繁殖力強、適(shi)應性強、抗病力強、早熟、耐粗飼、肉質好等優點(dian)。主(zhu)要產于海(hai)南省定安(an)縣雷鳴、龍門(men)、龍河(he)等鎮,分(fen)布全縣各地。
頭大小適(shi)中(zhong),全身被(bei)毛黑色,兩耳向(xiang)前上方(fang)直(zhi)立或平(ping)伸(shen),面微凹,額較寬,背肩結合良好。背腰寬平(ping)直(zhi)或微拱,以雙脊為主,偶見單(dan)脊,腹小。四肢健壯(zhuang),腿臀較豐滿,體(ti)質(zhi)結實,結構勻(yun)稱(cheng)。
具有耐(nai)粗飼(si),抗逆性(xing)強、生長快、肉質鮮美(mei)的(de)特(te)點,且由于(yu)全身皮(pi)毛呈(cheng)黑色而被人們稱之“定安黑豬(zhu)”,自問世以來,深受飼(si)養者(zhe)和消費者(zhe)的(de)青睞。
外銷省內第一
據定(ding)(ding)安縣(xian)(xian)畜牧獸(shou)醫局介紹,近年(nian)來,定(ding)(ding)安縣(xian)(xian)將(jiang)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)強做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大定(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構調整,發(fa)展(zhan)地方特色(se)產業(ye)(ye)(ye),增加(jia)農(nong)民收入(ru)的(de)重要工作內容,并制定(ding)(ding)了一系(xi)列措施(shi)扶持定(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan),使定(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不斷壯大,年(nian)均以(yi)二位(wei)數(shu)增長(chang),全縣(xian)(xian)覆蓋率達100%。全縣(xian)(xian)存欄(lan)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)42452頭,年(nian)出欄(lan)仔豬(zhu)(zhu)75萬(wan)頭以(yi)上,其中(zhong)本縣(xian)(xian)飼養(yang)出欄(lan)肉豬(zhu)(zhu)30多萬(wan)頭,外銷(xiao)(xiao)仔豬(zhu)(zhu)40萬(wan)多頭,外銷(xiao)(xiao)肉豬(zhu)(zhu)18萬(wan)頭以(yi)上,成為了定(ding)(ding)安縣(xian)(xian)是海(hai)南(nan)(nan)省唯一的(de)國家級綠(lv)色(se)農(nong)產品示范基地縣(xian)(xian),同(tong)時又是海(hai)南(nan)(nan)省無規定(ding)(ding)動(dong)物疫病(bing)示范區先進縣(xian)(xian),2006年(nian)7月,海(hai)南(nan)(nan)省農(nong)副產品加(jia)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)園區也在該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)塔嶺工業(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)發(fa)區揭牌(pai)成立,2007年(nian)再(zai)次批準為全國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標準化生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)示范區。
2004年(nian)(nian)海南省農業(ye)廳將(jiang)定(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)列入(ru)無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)示范建設項(xiang)目,2005年(nian)(nian)國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)委(wei)員會將(jiang)定(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)列入(ru)農業(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)示范項(xiang)目。2005年(nian)(nian),定(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)通(tong)過海南省農業(ye)廳無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地認定(ding),2006年(nian)(nian),定(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)通(tong)過國(guo)家農業(ye)部農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安全中(zhong)心無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)認證,并正式確定(ding)“定(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)”這一商品(pin)(pin)名稱。2006年(nian)(nian),為了(le)規(gui)(gui)范定(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang),提(ti)高與保(bao)證定(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi),加快定(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)方式向養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖小區飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)和專業(ye)化(hua)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)轉變,根(gen)據《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)法》、《地方標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)管理辦法》的(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding),定(ding)安縣人(ren)民政(zheng)府組織(zhi)編制并由海南省質(zhi)量(liang)技(ji)術監督局(ju)主(zhu)持審定(ding)通(tong)過《定(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)管理技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)程》海南省地方標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)并于2007年(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)布實施(shi)。
數據顯示(shi),2008年,定(ding)安縣共有(you)年出(chu)欄(lan)一萬(wan)頭(tou)的豬(zhu)場1家,年出(chu)欄(lan)4000頭(tou)的1家,年出(chu)欄(lan)500—1000頭(tou)的有(you)23家,年出(chu)欄(lan)50頭(tou)以(yi)上的專(zhuan)業戶有(you)76戶,各種飼(si)養(yang)方式大多采用(yong)自繁自養(yang),有(you)利于疫病防治,依照(zhao)《定(ding)安黑豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)管理(li)技(ji)術(shu)規程》嚴格(ge)飼(si)養(yang)管理(li)。飼(si)料以(yi)玉米、稻谷(gu)、番(fan)薯(shu)、木薯(shu)、豆粕(po)、番(fan)薯(shu)葉等為主,堅決杜(du)絕使(shi)用(yong)禁用(yong)獸藥和添加劑(ji),并限制使(shi)用(yong)限用(yong)獸藥
“每頭黑豬都(dou)必(bi)須經過(guo)嚴(yan)格檢疫(yi),合格者(zhe)(zhe)才能(neng)出(chu)欄銷(xiao)售。”定(ding)(ding)安縣畜牧獸醫局(ju)有個負責人告訴(su)記者(zhe)(zhe),該局(ju)每年春秋兩季依法開展免(mian)疫(yi)預防注(zhu)射,結合基礎免(mian)疫(yi)和市(shi)場免(mian)疫(yi),確保(bao)無(wu)重大豬疫(yi)病發生(sheng);同(tong)時(shi)定(ding)(ding)期抽樣進(jin)行獸藥添加和殘留檢驗,嚴(yan)格控制獸藥規范使用。
此外,定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)縣(xian)政府高(gao)度注重視(shi)科學養(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu),切(qie)實(shi)加(jia)大科技(ji)投入(ru),一是(shi)(shi)切(qie)實(shi)抓好定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)母本(ben)(ben)選育,大力扶持建立(li)(li)了跨越三個鄉鎮(zhen)的(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)本(ben)(ben)地豬(zhu)(zhu)原種保(bao)護和繁殖基(ji)地,有效保(bao)護了定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)本(ben)(ben)地豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)優(you)良性能和品質,為定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)生產提(ti)供了優(you)良的(de)母本(ben)(ben)。二是(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)格選擇優(you)質杜洛克(ke)公豬(zhu)(zhu),切(qie)實(shi)保(bao)證雜交定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)品質。三是(shi)(shi)每年定(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)在各鄉鎮(zhen)舉辦培訓班,由有關專家傳授豬(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)工授精技(ji)術(shu)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)技(ji)術(shu)、疫病(bing)防治技(ji)術(shu),以提(ti)高(gao)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)戶的(de)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)水平。四是(shi)(shi)每年定(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)開展動(dong)物疫病(bing)監測,對重大動(dong)物疫病(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)瘟、口蹄疫等進行監測。同時(shi)(shi)大力引(yin)導和協調農戶開展定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)標(biao)準化(hua)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang),建立(li)(li)產、供、銷一條龍(long)服務體(ti)系。
而市場對于品質上乘的定安黑豬(zhu)也給(gei)予了很好的回報,自(zi)進入海口家樂福超市銷售以來,定安黑豬(zhu)一直處于供不應(ying)求狀態(tai)。幾乎每天都有(you)來自(zi)海口、三亞、瓊(qiong)海、文昌等地(di)豬(zhu)販子到該(gai)縣(xian)收購,有(you)時還出現(xian)了搶購現(xian)象。端午節(jie)期間(jian),定安共接到黑豬(zhu)肉粽子訂(ding)單10萬(wan)多個(ge)。
定安(an)縣有(you)關部門正在和北京、廣(guang)州、香港(gang)等(deng)地的客(ke)商談定安(an)黑豬的進一(yi)步開發和外(wai)銷業務,力(li)爭把定安(an)黑豬這一(yi)具有(you)鮮明海(hai)南生態特(te)色的、優質安(an)全的產(chan)品推向(xiang)國內國際(ji)更(geng)廣(guang)闊(kuo)的市場。