定安(an)(an)黑豬是(shi)(shi)海(hai)南(nan)省老牌地(di)方優良品種,是(shi)(shi)引進(jin)美國杜洛克公(gong)豬與定安(an)(an)本(ben)地(di)母(mu)豬雜交培育出來的,具(ju)有繁殖力強、適應(ying)性強、抗病力強、早熟、耐粗飼、肉質好等(deng)優點。主要產于海(hai)南(nan)省定安(an)(an)縣(xian)雷(lei)鳴、龍門、龍河(he)等(deng)鎮,分布全縣(xian)各地(di)。
頭大(da)小適中,全身被毛(mao)黑色,兩耳向前上方(fang)直立或平伸,面微凹(ao),額較(jiao)寬,背肩結(jie)合(he)良好。背腰寬平直或微拱,以雙(shuang)脊為主,偶見單脊,腹小。四(si)肢健壯,腿臀較(jiao)豐滿,體(ti)質結(jie)實,結(jie)構勻稱(cheng)。
具有(you)耐粗飼,抗(kang)逆(ni)性強、生長(chang)快、肉質鮮美的特(te)點,且由于全身皮(pi)毛呈(cheng)黑色(se)而(er)被人(ren)們稱之“定(ding)安黑豬”,自問世以來,深受飼養(yang)者和消(xiao)費者的青睞。
外銷省內第一
據定(ding)(ding)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)畜牧獸醫局介(jie)紹,近年來(lai),定(ding)(ding)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)將做(zuo)強做(zuo)大定(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)做(zuo)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)調整(zheng),發(fa)展地(di)方特色產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),增加(jia)農(nong)民收入的重要工作(zuo)內容,并制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)了一系列措施(shi)扶持定(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的發(fa)展,使定(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不斷壯大,年均以二位數增長,全縣(xian)(xian)覆蓋(gai)率(lv)達100%。全縣(xian)(xian)存欄母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)42452頭(tou)(tou),年出欄仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)75萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)以上,其(qi)中本縣(xian)(xian)飼養(yang)出欄肉豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)30多萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou),外(wai)銷(xiao)仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)40萬(wan)(wan)多頭(tou)(tou),外(wai)銷(xiao)肉豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)18萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)以上,成為(wei)(wei)了定(ding)(ding)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)是海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)唯一的國(guo)家級(ji)綠色農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)示(shi)范基地(di)縣(xian)(xian),同時(shi)又是海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)無(wu)規定(ding)(ding)動物疫病示(shi)范區(qu)先進縣(xian)(xian),2006年7月(yue),海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)農(nong)副(fu)產(chan)品(pin)加(jia)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)也在(zai)該縣(xian)(xian)塔嶺工業(ye)(ye)(ye)開發(fa)區(qu)揭牌成立,2007年再次批準(zhun)為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)化生豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)示(shi)范區(qu)。
2004年海南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)農(nong)業廳將定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)列(lie)入無公害飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)示范建設項(xiang)目(mu),2005年國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)委員會將定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)列(lie)入農(nong)業標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)示范項(xiang)目(mu)。2005年,定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)通過海南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)農(nong)業廳無公害農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)產地(di)認定(ding)(ding)(ding),2006年,定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)通過國(guo)(guo)家農(nong)業部農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)中心無公害農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)認證,并正(zheng)式確定(ding)(ding)(ding)“定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)”這一商品(pin)(pin)名稱。2006年,為了規范定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang),提高與保證定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi),加快定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)方式向養(yang)(yang)殖小區飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)和專業化(hua)(hua)(hua)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)轉變(bian),根據《中華人民共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)法》、《地(di)方標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)管理辦法》的規定(ding)(ding)(ding),定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)縣人民政(zheng)府組織編制并由海南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量技術監督局主持審定(ding)(ding)(ding)通過《定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)管理技術規程(cheng)》海南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)地(di)方標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)并于2007年公布實施(shi)。
數據顯示,2008年(nian)(nian),定安(an)縣共有年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)一(yi)萬頭的(de)(de)豬場1家(jia),年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)4000頭的(de)(de)1家(jia),年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)500—1000頭的(de)(de)有23家(jia),年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)50頭以(yi)上的(de)(de)專業戶(hu)有76戶(hu),各種飼養(yang)方式大多采(cai)用(yong)自繁(fan)自養(yang),有利于疫(yi)病防治(zhi),依(yi)照《定安(an)黑(hei)豬飼養(yang)管理技術規程》嚴格飼養(yang)管理。飼料(liao)以(yi)玉米、稻谷、番(fan)薯、木薯、豆粕、番(fan)薯葉等(deng)為主,堅決杜絕使用(yong)禁用(yong)獸藥(yao)和添加劑(ji),并限制(zhi)使用(yong)限用(yong)獸藥(yao)
“每頭黑(hei)豬都必須經過嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)檢疫(yi)(yi),合(he)(he)格(ge)者才(cai)能出欄銷售。”定安縣畜牧獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)局有個負責人告訴(su)記者,該(gai)局每年(nian)春秋兩季依法開展免疫(yi)(yi)預防注射,結合(he)(he)基礎(chu)免疫(yi)(yi)和市(shi)場(chang)免疫(yi)(yi),確保無重大豬疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)發生;同(tong)時定期抽樣(yang)進行獸(shou)(shou)藥添加(jia)和殘留檢驗(yan),嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)控制獸(shou)(shou)藥規范使(shi)用(yong)。
此外,定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)縣政府高度注重(zhong)視科學養(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),切(qie)實加大(da)(da)科技投入,一(yi)是(shi)切(qie)實抓好(hao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母本(ben)選(xuan)育,大(da)(da)力扶持(chi)建立(li)了(le)(le)跨越三(san)個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)的定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)本(ben)地(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)原種保(bao)護和繁殖基地(di),有效保(bao)護了(le)(le)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)本(ben)地(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的優良(liang)性能和品(pin)(pin)質(zhi),為定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生產提供了(le)(le)優良(liang)的母本(ben)。二(er)是(shi)嚴(yan)格(ge)選(xuan)擇優質(zhi)杜洛(luo)克公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),切(qie)實保(bao)證雜交定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)。三(san)是(shi)每年定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)時在各鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)舉辦培訓班,由有關專(zhuan)家傳授(shou)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)工授(shou)精(jing)技術(shu)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)管理(li)技術(shu)、疫(yi)病(bing)防治技術(shu),以提高飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)戶的飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)管理(li)水平。四是(shi)每年定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)時開展動物疫(yi)病(bing)監(jian)測,對(dui)重(zhong)大(da)(da)動物疫(yi)病(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)瘟、口蹄疫(yi)等進行監(jian)測。同時大(da)(da)力引導和協調農(nong)戶開展定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的標準(zhun)化飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang),建立(li)產、供、銷(xiao)一(yi)條龍服務體系(xi)。
而市場(chang)對于品質上(shang)乘(cheng)的定(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬也給予了(le)很好的回報,自進入海(hai)口家樂福超市銷售(shou)以(yi)來,定(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬一直處(chu)于供不應求(qiu)狀(zhuang)態。幾乎每天都(dou)有(you)來自海(hai)口、三亞、瓊海(hai)、文昌等地豬販(fan)子(zi)到(dao)該(gai)縣(xian)收購,有(you)時還(huan)出現了(le)搶購現象。端午節期間,定(ding)安(an)(an)共(gong)接到(dao)黑豬肉粽子(zi)訂單10萬多個。
定安縣(xian)有關部門正在(zai)和北京(jing)、廣(guang)州(zhou)、香港(gang)等地的(de)客商(shang)談定安黑(hei)豬(zhu)的(de)進一步開發和外(wai)銷業務,力爭(zheng)把定安黑(hei)豬(zhu)這(zhe)一具有鮮明(ming)海南生(sheng)態特色的(de)、優質安全(quan)的(de)產品推向國內國際更廣(guang)闊的(de)市場。