定(ding)安黑豬(zhu)是(shi)海南省(sheng)老牌地方優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種,是(shi)引進美國杜洛克公豬(zhu)與定(ding)安本地母豬(zhu)雜交(jiao)培(pei)育出(chu)來(lai)的,具有繁(fan)殖力強、適(shi)應性強、抗病力強、早熟、耐粗飼(si)、肉(rou)質好等優(you)點。主(zhu)要產于海南省(sheng)定(ding)安縣雷鳴、龍(long)(long)門、龍(long)(long)河等鎮,分布全縣各地。
頭大小適(shi)中(zhong),全身被毛(mao)黑(hei)色,兩耳向前上方直立或平伸,面微(wei)凹(ao),額較(jiao)寬(kuan),背(bei)肩結(jie)(jie)合良好(hao)。背(bei)腰寬(kuan)平直或微(wei)拱,以雙(shuang)脊為主,偶見單脊,腹小。四肢(zhi)健壯,腿臀較(jiao)豐滿,體質結(jie)(jie)實,結(jie)(jie)構勻稱。
具有耐粗飼(si),抗逆(ni)性強(qiang)、生長快(kuai)、肉質鮮美的(de)特(te)點,且由于全身皮(pi)毛(mao)呈(cheng)黑色而被人們稱之“定安黑豬(zhu)”,自(zi)問世(shi)以來,深(shen)受飼(si)養(yang)者和消費者的(de)青睞。
外銷省內第一
據定(ding)(ding)安縣(xian)(xian)畜牧獸醫局介紹,近年(nian)來(lai),定(ding)(ding)安縣(xian)(xian)將做強做大(da)(da)定(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)業(ye)做為農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)結構調整(zheng),發(fa)(fa)展地(di)方特色產(chan)業(ye),增(zeng)加農(nong)民(min)收入的(de)重要工作內容,并制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)了一(yi)系(xi)列措施扶(fu)持定(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養業(ye)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展,使定(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養業(ye)不斷壯(zhuang)大(da)(da),年(nian)均以二位(wei)數增(zeng)長(chang),全縣(xian)(xian)覆(fu)蓋率達100%。全縣(xian)(xian)存欄母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)42452頭,年(nian)出欄仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)75萬頭以上(shang),其中本(ben)縣(xian)(xian)飼(si)養出欄肉(rou)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)30多萬頭,外(wai)銷(xiao)仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)40萬多頭,外(wai)銷(xiao)肉(rou)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)18萬頭以上(shang),成為了定(ding)(ding)安縣(xian)(xian)是海(hai)南省唯(wei)一(yi)的(de)國家級綠(lv)色農(nong)產(chan)品示范基地(di)縣(xian)(xian),同(tong)時又是海(hai)南省無規定(ding)(ding)動物(wu)疫病示范區(qu)先(xian)進縣(xian)(xian),2006年(nian)7月,海(hai)南省農(nong)副(fu)產(chan)品加工業(ye)園區(qu)也在該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)塔嶺工業(ye)開發(fa)(fa)區(qu)揭(jie)牌成立,2007年(nian)再次批準為全國農(nong)業(ye)標準化生豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養示范區(qu)。
2004年(nian)海南省農(nong)業(ye)廳將(jiang)(jiang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養列入無公(gong)(gong)害飼(si)養示(shi)范(fan)建設項目,2005年(nian)國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)委員會將(jiang)(jiang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養列入農(nong)業(ye)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)示(shi)范(fan)項目。2005年(nian),定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養通(tong)過海南省農(nong)業(ye)廳無公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)產品產地(di)認定(ding)(ding)(ding),2006年(nian),定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養通(tong)過國(guo)家農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)農(nong)產品質(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全中(zhong)心(xin)無公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)產品認證,并(bing)正式確定(ding)(ding)(ding)“定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)”這一商品名(ming)稱(cheng)。2006年(nian),為了規(gui)范(fan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)飼(si)養,提(ti)高(gao)與保證定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)品質(zhi),加(jia)快定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養方式向養殖小(xiao)區飼(si)養和專業(ye)化(hua)(hua)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)飼(si)養轉(zhuan)變,根據(ju)《中(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共和國(guo)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)法》、《地(di)方標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)管理辦法》的規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding),定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)縣人(ren)民(min)政府組織編制并(bing)由海南省質(zhi)量技術監督局主持(chi)審定(ding)(ding)(ding)通(tong)過《定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養管理技術規(gui)程》海南省地(di)方標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)并(bing)于2007年(nian)公(gong)(gong)布實施(shi)。
數據顯示,2008年(nian)(nian),定安(an)縣(xian)共有年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)一(yi)萬頭的(de)豬場1家,年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)4000頭的(de)1家,年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)500—1000頭的(de)有23家,年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)50頭以上的(de)專業戶有76戶,各種飼(si)(si)養方式大多采用(yong)自繁自養,有利于疫病防(fang)治,依照《定安(an)黑(hei)豬飼(si)(si)養管理技術規(gui)程(cheng)》嚴格飼(si)(si)養管理。飼(si)(si)料以玉米、稻谷、番薯(shu)(shu)、木(mu)薯(shu)(shu)、豆粕、番薯(shu)(shu)葉(xie)等為主,堅決杜絕使(shi)用(yong)禁用(yong)獸藥和添加劑,并限制(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)限用(yong)獸藥
“每頭黑豬都必須經過嚴格檢(jian)疫(yi)(yi),合格者才能出欄銷(xiao)售(shou)。”定安(an)縣畜(chu)牧獸醫(yi)局(ju)有(you)個(ge)負(fu)責人告訴記者,該局(ju)每年(nian)春(chun)秋兩季依(yi)法開展免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)預防注射,結合基礎免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)和(he)市場免(mian)疫(yi)(yi),確保無重大豬疫(yi)(yi)病發(fa)生;同時定期抽樣進行獸藥(yao)添加(jia)和(he)殘留(liu)檢(jian)驗,嚴格控制獸藥(yao)規范使用。
此外,定(ding)安(an)(an)縣政府(fu)高(gao)度注重視科學(xue)養(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),切實(shi)(shi)加大(da)科技投入,一是切實(shi)(shi)抓好定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母(mu)本(ben)(ben)選育,大(da)力(li)扶(fu)持建立了(le)跨越三(san)(san)個鄉鎮(zhen)的定(ding)安(an)(an)本(ben)(ben)地(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)原種(zhong)保(bao)護和繁殖(zhi)基地(di),有效保(bao)護了(le)定(ding)安(an)(an)本(ben)(ben)地(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的優良(liang)(liang)性(xing)能和品(pin)質(zhi),為定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生產(chan)提供(gong)了(le)優良(liang)(liang)的母(mu)本(ben)(ben)。二是嚴格(ge)選擇(ze)優質(zhi)杜洛克公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),切實(shi)(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)雜交定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的品(pin)質(zhi)。三(san)(san)是每年定(ding)時(shi)在各鄉鎮(zhen)舉辦培訓班,由有關專家傳授豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人工授精技術(shu)、定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)管(guan)理技術(shu)、疫病防治技術(shu),以提高(gao)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)戶的飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)管(guan)理水(shui)平(ping)。四是每年定(ding)時(shi)開展動物疫病監(jian)測,對重大(da)動物疫病豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)瘟、口蹄疫等進行監(jian)測。同時(shi)大(da)力(li)引導和協調農戶開展定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的標準化(hua)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang),建立產(chan)、供(gong)、銷(xiao)一條龍服務體系。
而市(shi)場對于品質上乘的定安黑豬(zhu)也給予了很(hen)好的回(hui)報,自進入海(hai)(hai)口家樂(le)福(fu)超(chao)市(shi)銷售以來,定安黑豬(zhu)一直處(chu)于供不應求狀態。幾(ji)乎每天(tian)都有來自海(hai)(hai)口、三(san)亞、瓊海(hai)(hai)、文昌(chang)等地(di)豬(zhu)販子到該縣收購(gou),有時(shi)還出現(xian)了搶購(gou)現(xian)象。端午節期間,定安共接到黑豬(zhu)肉(rou)粽子訂單10萬多個。
定安縣有(you)關(guan)部門(men)正在和北京、廣(guang)州、香港等地的客商談定安黑豬的進一步(bu)開發和外銷業務,力爭把定安黑豬這一具有(you)鮮明(ming)海南生態特(te)色的、優質(zhi)安全的產品推向國內國際更廣(guang)闊的市場(chang)。