阜(fu)城(cheng)杏梅是河北省衡水市阜(fu)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)特產,全國農產品地(di)理標(biao)志。杏梅是杏和(he)李的(de)偶然(ran)雜交種,是阜(fu)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)優(you)勢果(guo)(guo)品,也(ye)是河北省地(di)方特色果(guo)(guo)品,有著500余年(nian)的(de)栽(zai)培歷史。阜(fu)城(cheng)杏梅果(guo)(guo)實呈卵圓形,外觀色澤鮮艷,果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)橙黃色帶紅暈、具縫合線、皮(pi)厚有韌性,果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)黃色,細膩有砂性,酸(suan)甜可(ke)口。杏梅貯存期最長可(ke)達30天(tian)至40天(tian),既可(ke)用于鮮食,也(ye)可(ke)加工成果(guo)(guo)脯、果(guo)(guo)醬、果(guo)(guo)汁等。
2020年4月30日,中華人民共和(he)國農業農村部(bu)正式批準對“阜(fu)城杏梅”實施農產品(pin)地理標志登(deng)記保(bao)護。
阜城(cheng)杏(xing)梅生產地(di)域范圍為(wei)衡(heng)水市阜城(cheng)縣,涉及阜城(cheng)鎮、漫河鎮、古城(cheng)鎮、蔣(jiang)坊鄉、建(jian)橋鄉、大白(bai)鄉、王集鄉、霞口鎮等8個(ge)鄉鎮445個(ge)行政村,地(di)理坐標為(wei)東經37°49′59″~37°58′44″,北緯116°08′47″~116°33′24″,保護(hu)地(di)總(zong)面積為(wei)32535hm2,常年(nian)種植(zhi)面積200hm2,年(nian)產量8000t。
阜城杏梅果實(shi)卵(luan)圓形,外(wai)觀(guan)色(se)(se)澤鮮艷,果皮橙黃(huang)色(se)(se)帶紅暈(yun)、具縫合(he)線、皮厚有(you)韌性;果肉黃(huang)色(se)(se),細(xi)膩有(you)砂性,酸甜可口(kou),果核表面具有(you)蜂(feng)窩狀小凹點;單果重60~85g,最大單果重110g。
經檢測,可溶(rong)性固形物≥13.5%;可滴定酸≤0.5%;總糖≥8.5g/100g;維生素C≥4.2 mg/100g;水分(fen)≤89.0 g/100g。
阜城杏梅產品質量(liang)符合國(guo)家有關標準。
阜城縣地處(chu)河北省(sheng)中(zhong)南部黑(hei)龍港流域(yu)(yu),屬暖溫帶半干(gan)旱大陸(lu)性季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候。生(sheng)產區域(yu)(yu)內近十年年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫13.5℃,極(ji)端(duan)最高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫42.2℃,極(ji)端(duan)最低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫~16.8℃,年積溫4465℃,年無霜(shuang)期217天。四季分明(ming)、雨(yu)量(liang)少而集(ji)(ji)中(zhong),年平(ping)均降(jiang)水量(liang)527.3mm,降(jiang)雨(yu)主要(yao)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)在6~8月,約占全年降(jiang)水量(liang)的(de)70%,具(ju)有明(ming)顯雨(yu)熱(re)同季的(de)特點,特別適(shi)合阜城杏梅(mei)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)。
生產區域內(nei),淺層及深層淡水豐富,水質礦化度1~2g/L,pH值在7~8之間。水質好、無污染(ran),有利于阜城杏(xing)梅的生產灌(guan)溉。
生產(chan)區域內土(tu)壤(rang)多為中(zhong)壤(rang)質~壤(rang)質潮(chao)土(tu),有機質含量平均(jun)16.58g/kg,pH值7.5~8.1,特(te)別(bie)適于阜城杏梅栽培。
在阜城杏梅(mei)生長期(qi)間年輻(fu)射總量(liang)136.3千(qian)卡/cm2,年平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數2693.5h、平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時間7.4h,日(ri)照(zhao)率(lv)61.0%,能夠(gou)完全滿足阜城杏梅(mei)對光照(zhao)的需(xu)求。
選擇(ze)土(tu)層深厚、排水(shui)良好,沒有污染的沙壤(rang)土(tu)或壤(rang)土(tu),不能(neng)重茬。
以阜城(cheng)杏梅(mei)為栽培品種,選(xuan)擇毛桃或山杏作為砧木。
為保證阜城杏梅的品質特(te)色,應(ying)注重以下(xia)生產環節(jie)的管理:
①標(biao)準化建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan):選用根(gen)系新鮮、苗干直立、無病蟲害(hai)、無機(ji)械損(sun)傷、芽(ya)體(ti)飽滿的(de)一級苗,以杏(xing)(xing)樹做授粉樹、阜城杏(xing)(xing)梅與杏(xing)(xing)樹5~6:1的(de)比例(li)進行配(pei)置,按照株行距2~3米×4~5米的(de)標(biao)準進行栽(zai)植建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)。
②土肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管理:合(he)理施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。一年追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)三次(ci)(ci)(ci),分(fen)別在(zai)萌芽前、幼果(guo)(guo)第(di)一次(ci)(ci)(ci)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)實(shi)第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)分(fen)期(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru),幼齡(ling)樹(shu)和結果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)發(fa)育(yu)前期(qi)(qi),追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)氮磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,每667平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)二(er)銨(an)(an)25千(qian)克,結果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)發(fa)育(yu)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)以(yi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,每667平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)20千(qian)克;結合(he)病蟲害(hai)防(fang)治葉面(mian)噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)0.3%~0.5%的(de)(de)(de)磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)二(er)氫鉀(jia)3~4次(ci)(ci)(ci);秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)收后(hou)(hou)盡早施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru),采(cai)取溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi),每667平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用優質腐熟農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2~3噸,摻加磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)二(er)銨(an)(an)15千(qian)克、尿素10千(qian)克、硅鈣鎂(mei)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)50千(qian)克,充(chong)分(fen)混勻后(hou)(hou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)。灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)管理。全(quan)年灌水(shui)(shui)4次(ci)(ci)(ci),分(fen)別在(zai)萌芽前、果(guo)(guo)實(shi)第(di)一次(ci)(ci)(ci)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)實(shi)第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)和秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)及時澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui),灌水(shui)(shui)量以(yi)土壤含水(shui)(shui)量達(da)到田間持(chi)水(shui)(shui)量的(de)(de)(de)60%~80%為(wei)宜,多(duo)雨季節注意及時排澇。生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)覆(fu)蓋(gai)。提(ti)倡(chang)果(guo)(guo)園生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao),采(cai)取行(xing)間生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、行(xing)內覆(fu)蓋(gai)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi),生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)品種可選(xuan)擇黑麥草(cao)(cao)(cao)或紫(zi)花苜蓿(xu),樹(shu)盤內覆(fu)蓋(gai)薄膜或防(fang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)布控(kong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)保墑,也可以(yi)實(shi)行(xing)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)覆(fu)蓋(gai)。
③整形(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪:樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)以小(xiao)冠疏層(ceng)(ceng)型(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。小(xiao)冠疏層(ceng)(ceng)型(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)高(gao)40~50厘(li)(li)米(mi),樹(shu)(shu)高(gao)2.5~3米(mi),冠徑2.5~3米(mi),具有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)領導干(gan),全樹(shu)(shu)有(you)5~6個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),第(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2~3個,第(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1~2個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1~2個,第(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。層(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)距(ju)(ju)第(di)一(yi)、第(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)70厘(li)(li)米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),第(di)二、三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)50厘(li)(li)米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you);紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)高(gao)60~70厘(li)(li)米(mi),樹(shu)(shu)高(gao)2.5~3米(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干(gan)直立(li)強健,在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干(gan)上均(jun)勻培(pei)(pei)(pei)育10~15個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),角度拉成(cheng)70~90度,向(xiang)圓周(zhou)伸(shen)展,不分(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)次,均(jun)勻插空(kong)排列,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單軸延伸(shen)不留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),上面(mian)直接著生結(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),下部(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)1.5~2米(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)1~1.2米(mi),上部(bu)0.7米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),相鄰兩(liang)個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)距(ju)(ju)離25厘(li)(li)米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),樹(shu)(shu)冠緊湊豐(feng)滿,外觀(guan)呈紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)。修(xiu)剪與整形(xing)(xing)(xing)同步(bu)進(jin)行,在(zai)整形(xing)(xing)(xing)的基礎上,通過調(diao)光、調(diao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、調(diao)花,調(diao)勢培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)健壯、穩定、豐(feng)產(chan)的樹(shu)(shu)體結(jie)構。小(xiao)型(xing)結(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang):利用平斜中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)短(duan)(duan)(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩(huan)放(fang),對(dui)(dui)直立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、短(duan)(duan)(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扣芽破頂促進(jin)成(cheng)花,對(dui)(dui)細弱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)截,促進(jin)分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩(huan)放(fang)成(cheng)花,結(jie)果后再(zai)回縮(suo),培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)成(cheng)小(xiao)型(xing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu);中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)結(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang):對(dui)(dui)發(fa)育健壯的長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)徒長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)截后放(fang),促進(jin)分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),緩(huan)放(fang)后成(cheng)花結(jie)果,連續分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后即形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)結(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),對(dui)(dui)平斜下垂枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪,促生中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),成(cheng)長(chang)(chang)結(jie)果后回縮(suo),形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)結(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu);大型(xing)結(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang):對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)旺(wang)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)截,在(zai)選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)延長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并不斷擴大的同時,促生中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)短(duan)(duan)(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然后去(qu)強留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)弱或(huo)(huo)去(qu)直留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)斜,對(dui)(dui)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)下的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)偏弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“先(xian)輕剪緩(huan)放(fang),成(cheng)花結(jie)果后回縮(suo)”,即可培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)成(cheng)大型(xing)結(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。
④花(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)管理。一(yi)是早春(chun)防(fang)凍害(hai),可(ke)采取(qu)(qu)樹干涂白、花(hua)前(qian)灌水或根外噴施磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)肥等措(cuo)施進行預(yu)防(fang);二(er)是輔助授粉(fen),可(ke)采取(qu)(qu)掛瓶插花(hua)枝、人工滾動雞毛撣、或利用蜜蜂(feng)或壁蜂(feng)等方(fang)(fang)法進行;三是花(hua)期噴肥,花(hua)期噴0.2%硼砂(sha)、謝花(hua)后(hou)噴0.2%硼砂(sha)+0.3%磷(lin)(lin)酸二(er)氫鉀(jia),隔10天再(zai)噴1次(ci);四是疏果(guo)(guo)(guo),第一(yi)次(ci)在(zai)落(luo)花(hua)后(hou)20天開始、5月中(zhong)旬前(qian)完成,5~10厘米(mi)留(liu)(liu)一(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo),疏去病蟲果(guo)(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo),每667平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)留(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)5~6萬個(ge),第二(er)次(ci)在(zai)花(hua)后(hou)50~60天生理落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)進行,疏除密生果(guo)(guo)(guo)、并生果(guo)(guo)(guo)、病蟲果(guo)(guo)(guo)及(ji)枝摩葉掃果(guo)(guo)(guo),樹冠中(zhong)下部多留(liu)(liu)、上部及(ji)外圍少留(liu)(liu),長果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留(liu)(liu)3~4個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo),中(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留(liu)(liu)2~3個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo),短果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留(liu)(liu)1個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo),使果(guo)(guo)(guo)實分布均勻,每667平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)留(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)量4.5~5萬個(ge)。總(zong)體掌(zhang)握(wo)每667平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)產量2500~3000千克。
⑤病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。阜城杏(xing)梅的(de)(de)主(zhu)要病(bing)蟲(chong)害為(wei)天牛、紅(hong)蜘蛛、卷葉(xie)蛾(e)、介(jie)(jie)殼蟲(chong)和流膠(jiao)(jiao)病(bing),按(an)照“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)、綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)原(yuan)則,以(yi)農業和物理防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)基礎、生物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)、化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)輔,全年噴(pen)藥5~7次。萌芽前后(hou)(hou)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)紅(hong)蜘蛛、介(jie)(jie)殼蟲(chong)為(wei)主(zhu),可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)噴(pen)3~5°Bé石硫(liu)(liu)合(he)劑(ji)或(huo)者1.8%苦(ku)參(can)堿1000~1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)+10%吡蟲(chong)啉4000~5000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液組合(he);落花后(hou)(hou)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)杏(xing)仁(ren)蜂(feng)、象鼻蟲(chong)為(wei)主(zhu),可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)噴(pen)4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳(ru)油(you)1500~2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei);4月下旬(xun)為(wei)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)卷葉(xie)蛾(e)可(ke)(ke)噴(pen)25%滅幼(you)脲3號懸浮劑(ji)1500~2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei);5月中(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)紅(hong)蜘蛛、介(jie)(jie)殼蟲(chong)為(wei)主(zhu),可(ke)(ke)噴(pen)1.8%阿(a)維(wei)菌素(su)乳(ru)油(you)3000~4000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)。流膠(jiao)(jiao)病(bing)可(ke)(ke)通過增(zeng)施有機肥、不(bu)偏施化肥、保持中(zhong)(zhong)庸樹(shu)勢等預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),對產生流膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)樹(shu)可(ke)(ke)采取“刮(gua)涂封”法治(zhi)療,即(ji)先刮(gua)去膠(jiao)(jiao)體和爛皮、再涂殺菌劑(ji)(5°Bé石硫(liu)(liu)合(he)劑(ji)或(huo)生石灰粉)進行保護和治(zhi)療,然后(hou)(hou)用(yong)薄(bo)膜封嚴(yan)傷口。
遠(yuan)距離(li)運輸可(ke)于6月下旬(xun)硬熟(shu)期(qi)采(cai)收(shou),近距離(li)運輸可(ke)于7月上(shang)旬(xun)軟熟(shu)期(qi)采(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)時輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,防止扎、碰(peng)、壓、劃等機械(xie)損傷,保證(zheng)果(guo)實完好。
①分級包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。阜城(cheng)(cheng)杏(xing)梅貯(zhu)藏或外銷嚴格(ge)按標準等級分級,包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)用紙(zhi)箱(xiang)、箱(xiang)板、果墊、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)紙(zhi)、膠帶紙(zhi)均應(ying)清潔、無毒、無異味(wei),箱(xiang)體兩(liang)側留4~6個氣(qi)孔,氣(qi)孔直徑15毫米(mi)左右,箱(xiang)體應(ying)注明商標、品種、產(chan)地、重量。②貯(zhu)藏。阜城(cheng)(cheng)杏(xing)梅應(ying)在恒溫氣(qi)調庫內貯(zhu)藏,注意(yi)碼(ma)堆不得過高(gao),剁間(jian)要(yao)(yao)留有通(tong)道。③運輸。運輸阜城(cheng)(cheng)杏(xing)梅的工具要(yao)(yao)清潔衛生,不能與有毒、有害、有異味(wei)的物品混裝(zhuang)(zhuang),裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸時(shi)要(yao)(yao)輕裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、輕放。
詳細記錄阜城杏梅(mei)的生產地點、肥料名稱、施(shi)肥時間、施(shi)肥量(liang)、農藥名稱、施(shi)藥時間、施(shi)藥量(liang)、收獲日期等信(xin)息(xi)。
2020年4月(yue)30日,中華人民共和國農業農村部(bu)正式批準對“阜城杏梅”實施農產(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志登記(ji)保護。
2004年,阜城縣杏梅(mei)面積(ji)達(da)6.94萬畝,年產量達(da)2.94萬噸,占全國杏梅(mei)市場份額的90%以上。
2020年,阜城(cheng)杏梅生產規(gui)模(mo)200公頃,年產量0.8萬噸,占全國市場份額的95%以上。