阜城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)杏(xing)梅(mei)是(shi)河北省衡水市(shi)阜城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣特產(chan),全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志。杏(xing)梅(mei)是(shi)杏(xing)和(he)李的偶(ou)然雜交種,是(shi)阜城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣的優勢果(guo)品(pin),也是(shi)河北省地(di)方特色(se)(se)果(guo)品(pin),有(you)著(zhu)500余年的栽培歷史(shi)。阜城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)杏(xing)梅(mei)果(guo)實(shi)呈卵(luan)圓形,外(wai)觀色(se)(se)澤鮮(xian)艷(yan),果(guo)皮橙黃色(se)(se)帶紅暈、具縫合線、皮厚有(you)韌性,果(guo)肉黃色(se)(se),細膩有(you)砂(sha)性,酸甜可口。杏(xing)梅(mei)貯存(cun)期(qi)最長可達(da)30天(tian)至40天(tian),既可用于鮮(xian)食,也可加(jia)工成果(guo)脯、果(guo)醬、果(guo)汁等。
2020年4月(yue)30日(ri),中(zhong)華人民共和國(guo)農業(ye)農村部(bu)正式批(pi)準(zhun)對“阜城杏梅”實施(shi)農產品地理標志登記保護。
阜(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)杏梅生產地(di)域范(fan)圍為衡水(shui)市阜(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)縣,涉及阜(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮、漫河(he)鎮、古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮、蔣(jiang)坊鄉(xiang)、建橋鄉(xiang)、大白(bai)鄉(xiang)、王集鄉(xiang)、霞口鎮等(deng)8個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮445個(ge)行(xing)政村,地(di)理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經37°49′59″~37°58′44″,北緯(wei)116°08′47″~116°33′24″,保護地(di)總面積為32535hm2,常年種植面積200hm2,年產量8000t。
阜城杏梅果(guo)實卵圓形(xing),外(wai)觀色(se)澤鮮(xian)艷,果(guo)皮橙黃色(se)帶紅(hong)暈、具縫合線、皮厚(hou)有韌性;果(guo)肉黃色(se),細膩有砂性,酸甜可口,果(guo)核表面具有蜂窩狀小凹點;單果(guo)重(zhong)60~85g,最大單果(guo)重(zhong)110g。
經檢測,可(ke)溶性固形物≥13.5%;可(ke)滴定酸≤0.5%;總糖≥8.5g/100g;維生素(su)C≥4.2 mg/100g;水分(fen)≤89.0 g/100g。
阜城杏梅產品質(zhi)量符合國家有關標準。
阜城縣地處河北省中(zhong)南部(bu)黑龍港(gang)流域,屬(shu)暖溫帶(dai)半干旱大陸(lu)性季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候。生產區域內近十年年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫13.5℃,極(ji)端最高氣(qi)溫42.2℃,極(ji)端最低氣(qi)溫~16.8℃,年積溫4465℃,年無(wu)霜(shuang)期217天(tian)。四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明、雨量(liang)(liang)少(shao)而集中(zhong),年平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)527.3mm,降(jiang)雨主要集中(zhong)在6~8月,約占(zhan)全年降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)70%,具有明顯(xian)雨熱同季(ji)(ji)的(de)特點,特別適合阜城杏梅的(de)生長。
生產(chan)區(qu)域(yu)內(nei),淺層及深層淡水豐富(fu),水質礦化(hua)度1~2g/L,pH值在7~8之(zhi)間(jian)。水質好、無污(wu)染,有利于阜城杏(xing)梅的(de)生產(chan)灌溉。
生產區域內土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)多為中壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)~壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)潮土(tu),有機(ji)質(zhi)含量平均16.58g/kg,pH值7.5~8.1,特別適于(yu)阜城杏(xing)梅栽培。
在(zai)阜(fu)城杏梅生長期間年輻射總量136.3千卡/cm2,年平均(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)2693.5h、平均(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)間7.4h,日照(zhao)率61.0%,能夠完(wan)全滿足阜(fu)城杏梅對光(guang)照(zhao)的(de)需求(qiu)。
選擇土層深厚、排水良好,沒有(you)污染的沙壤(rang)(rang)土或壤(rang)(rang)土,不能重茬。
以(yi)阜城(cheng)杏梅(mei)為栽培品(pin)種,選擇毛桃或山(shan)杏作為砧(zhen)木。
為保證阜城杏梅的品質特色,應(ying)注重(zhong)以下生產環節的管(guan)理:
①標準化建(jian)園:選用根系新(xin)鮮、苗干直立、無(wu)病蟲害、無(wu)機械損傷、芽體飽滿的一(yi)級苗,以(yi)杏樹做授粉(fen)樹、阜(fu)城杏梅與杏樹5~6:1的比(bi)例進行配置(zhi),按照株行距2~3米×4~5米的標準進行栽植建(jian)園。
②土(tu)肥(fei)水管(guan)理:合理施(shi)肥(fei)。一(yi)年(nian)追肥(fei)三次,分(fen)別(bie)在(zai)萌芽前(qian)、幼果第(di)一(yi)次膨(peng)(peng)(peng)大(da)期(qi)、果實(shi)(shi)第(di)二(er)次膨(peng)(peng)(peng)大(da)期(qi)分(fen)期(qi)施(shi)入(ru),幼齡樹和(he)(he)結果樹的果實(shi)(shi)發育(yu)前(qian)期(qi),追肥(fei)以氮磷(lin)肥(fei)為(wei)主,每667平(ping)方(fang)米追施(shi)磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)銨(an)25千克,結果樹果實(shi)(shi)發育(yu)后(hou)期(qi)以磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)為(wei)主,每667平(ping)方(fang)米追施(shi)硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)20千克;結合病蟲害防治葉面噴(pen)施(shi)0.3%~0.5%的磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)氫(qing)鉀(jia)3~4次;秋(qiu)施(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)在(zai)果實(shi)(shi)采收后(hou)盡早施(shi)入(ru),采取(qu)溝施(shi)的方(fang)式,每667平(ping)方(fang)米施(shi)用優(you)質腐熟農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)2~3噸,摻加磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)銨(an)15千克、尿素10千克、硅鈣(gai)鎂鉀(jia)肥(fei)50千克,充(chong)分(fen)混(hun)勻后(hou)施(shi)入(ru)。灌溉水管(guan)理。全年(nian)灌水4次,分(fen)別(bie)在(zai)萌芽前(qian)、果實(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)次膨(peng)(peng)(peng)大(da)期(qi)、果實(shi)(shi)第(di)二(er)次膨(peng)(peng)(peng)大(da)期(qi)和(he)(he)秋(qiu)施(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)后(hou)及(ji)時澆水,灌水量以土(tu)壤含水量達(da)到田間(jian)持水量的60%~80%為(wei)宜,多雨(yu)季節(jie)注意及(ji)時排澇。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草覆蓋(gai)。提倡果園生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草,采取(qu)行間(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草、行內覆蓋(gai)的方(fang)式,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草品種可選(xuan)擇黑麥(mai)草或紫花苜蓿,樹盤內覆蓋(gai)薄膜或防草布控(kong)草保(bao)墑(di),也可以實(shi)(shi)行自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草覆蓋(gai)。
③整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)修剪(jian)(jian):樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以小(xiao)冠疏層(ceng)(ceng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為主。小(xiao)冠疏層(ceng)(ceng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干高40~50厘(li)米(mi),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高2.5~3米(mi),冠徑2.5~3米(mi),具(ju)有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央領導干,全樹(shu)(shu)(shu)有5~6個(ge)(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),第(di)(di)(di)一層(ceng)(ceng)留(liu)(liu)(liu)3個(ge)(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2~3個(ge)(ge),第(di)(di)(di)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)留(liu)(liu)(liu)1~2個(ge)(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1~2個(ge)(ge),第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)留(liu)(liu)(liu)1個(ge)(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不留(liu)(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。層(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)距第(di)(di)(di)一、第(di)(di)(di)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)70厘(li)米(mi)左(zuo)右(you),第(di)(di)(di)二(er)、三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)50厘(li)米(mi)左(zuo)右(you);紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干高60~70厘(li)米(mi),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高2.5~3米(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干直(zhi)立(li)強健(jian),在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干上(shang)均勻培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)10~15個(ge)(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),角度拉成(cheng)70~90度,向圓周伸展,不分層(ceng)(ceng)次,均勻插空排列(lie),主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單軸延伸不留(liu)(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),上(shang)面直(zhi)接著(zhu)生(sheng)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu),下部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)1.5~2米(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部1~1.2米(mi),上(shang)部0.7米(mi)左(zuo)右(you),相鄰兩個(ge)(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)距離25厘(li)米(mi)左(zuo)右(you),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠緊湊豐(feng)滿,外觀呈紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。修剪(jian)(jian)與整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)同(tong)步進行(xing),在整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)基礎上(shang),通過調(diao)(diao)光、調(diao)(diao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、調(diao)(diao)花,調(diao)(diao)勢培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養健(jian)壯(zhuang)、穩定(ding)、豐(feng)產的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體結(jie)(jie)(jie)構。小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養:利用平斜中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩(huan)放(fang)(fang),對(dui)(dui)直(zhi)立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扣芽破(po)頂促進成(cheng)花,對(dui)(dui)細弱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短(duan)截,促進分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩(huan)放(fang)(fang)成(cheng)花,結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)后(hou)再回(hui)縮,培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養成(cheng)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu);中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養:對(dui)(dui)發(fa)育(yu)健(jian)壯(zhuang)的(de)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)徒長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先截后(hou)放(fang)(fang),促進分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),緩(huan)放(fang)(fang)后(hou)成(cheng)花結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo),連續分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)即(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu),對(dui)(dui)平斜下垂枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪(jian)(jian),促生(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),成(cheng)長(chang)(chang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)后(hou)回(hui)縮,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu);大型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養:對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)旺長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短(duan)截,在選留(liu)(liu)(liu)延長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并(bing)不斷擴大的(de)同(tong)時,促生(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然后(hou)去(qu)強留(liu)(liu)(liu)弱或(huo)去(qu)直(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)斜,對(dui)(dui)留(liu)(liu)(liu)下的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和偏弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“先輕剪(jian)(jian)緩(huan)放(fang)(fang),成(cheng)花結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)后(hou)回(hui)縮”,即(ji)可培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養成(cheng)大型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)。
④花果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管理。一是(shi)早(zao)春防凍害,可采取樹(shu)干涂白、花前(qian)灌水(shui)或(huo)根外噴施(shi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)等措施(shi)進(jin)行預防;二(er)是(shi)輔助(zhu)授粉(fen),可采取掛瓶插花枝(zhi)(zhi)、人工(gong)滾(gun)動(dong)雞(ji)毛撣、或(huo)利用蜜蜂(feng)或(huo)壁蜂(feng)等方(fang)法進(jin)行;三是(shi)花期(qi)噴肥(fei),花期(qi)噴0.2%硼砂、謝花后(hou)噴0.2%硼砂+0.3%磷(lin)酸二(er)氫(qing)鉀,隔(ge)10天再噴1次;四是(shi)疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),第(di)一次在落花后(hou)20天開(kai)始、5月中旬前(qian)完(wan)成,5~10厘米留(liu)一果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏去病(bing)蟲果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),每667平(ping)方(fang)米留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)5~6萬個(ge),第(di)二(er)次在花后(hou)50~60天生理落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)進(jin)行,疏除(chu)密生果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并生果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)蟲果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)及枝(zhi)(zhi)摩葉(xie)掃果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),樹(shu)冠中下部多留(liu)、上部及外圍少留(liu),長果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)3~4個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),中果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)2~3個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),短(duan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)1個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),使果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)分(fen)布(bu)均(jun)勻,每667平(ping)方(fang)米留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)4.5~5萬個(ge)。總體掌(zhang)握每667平(ping)方(fang)米產(chan)量(liang)2500~3000千克(ke)。
⑤病(bing)蟲害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。阜城杏梅的主要(yao)病(bing)蟲害為(wei)(wei)(wei)天牛、紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、卷葉蛾、介殼(ke)蟲和(he)流(liu)(liu)膠病(bing),按(an)照“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主、綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的原則,以(yi)農(nong)業和(he)物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎、生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主、化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔,全(quan)年噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)藥5~7次。萌(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)后(hou)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、介殼(ke)蟲為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,可(ke)(ke)(ke)選噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)3~5°Bé石(shi)(shi)硫(liu)合(he)劑或(huo)者(zhe)1.8%苦(ku)參堿(jian)1000~1500倍(bei)+10%吡蟲啉4000~5000倍(bei)液組(zu)合(he);落花后(hou)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)杏仁蜂、象鼻蟲為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,可(ke)(ke)(ke)選噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油(you)1500~2000倍(bei);4月(yue)下(xia)旬為(wei)(wei)(wei)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)卷葉蛾可(ke)(ke)(ke)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)25%滅幼(you)脲3號(hao)懸浮劑1500~2000倍(bei);5月(yue)中下(xia)旬以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、介殼(ke)蟲為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,可(ke)(ke)(ke)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)1.8%阿(a)維菌素乳油(you)3000~4000倍(bei)。流(liu)(liu)膠病(bing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)通過(guo)增施有機肥(fei)、不偏施化(hua)肥(fei)、保(bao)持中庸樹(shu)(shu)勢等(deng)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),對產(chan)生(sheng)流(liu)(liu)膠的樹(shu)(shu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)采(cai)取“刮涂封”法治(zhi)(zhi)療,即先刮去膠體(ti)和(he)爛皮、再涂殺(sha)菌劑(5°Bé石(shi)(shi)硫(liu)合(he)劑或(huo)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)灰粉)進行保(bao)護和(he)治(zhi)(zhi)療,然后(hou)用薄膜(mo)封嚴傷(shang)口(kou)。
遠(yuan)距離運輸(shu)可(ke)于(yu)6月下旬硬熟期采收,近距離運輸(shu)可(ke)于(yu)7月上(shang)旬軟熟期采收。采收時輕拿輕放,防止扎、碰、壓、劃等機械損傷(shang),保(bao)證(zheng)果實完好(hao)。
①分(fen)級(ji)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。阜(fu)(fu)城(cheng)杏(xing)(xing)梅貯藏或(huo)外銷嚴格按(an)標準(zhun)等級(ji)分(fen)級(ji),包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)用紙箱(xiang)(xiang)、箱(xiang)(xiang)板、果墊、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)紙、膠帶紙均應清潔、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異味,箱(xiang)(xiang)體兩側留4~6個氣(qi)(qi)孔,氣(qi)(qi)孔直(zhi)徑15毫米左右,箱(xiang)(xiang)體應注明商標、品種、產地、重量。②貯藏。阜(fu)(fu)城(cheng)杏(xing)(xing)梅應在恒溫氣(qi)(qi)調庫內貯藏,注意碼堆(dui)不(bu)得過高,剁間要留有(you)(you)通道。③運(yun)輸。運(yun)輸阜(fu)(fu)城(cheng)杏(xing)(xing)梅的工具要清潔衛生(sheng),不(bu)能(neng)與有(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)害、有(you)(you)異味的物(wu)品混(hun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸(xie)時要輕裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、輕放。
詳細記錄阜城杏梅的生產地點、肥料名(ming)稱、施肥時間、施肥量(liang)、農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)名(ming)稱、施藥(yao)(yao)時間、施藥(yao)(yao)量(liang)、收(shou)獲日期等信息(xi)。
2020年(nian)4月30日(ri),中華人民(min)共和國農業農村部(bu)正(zheng)式(shi)批準對“阜城杏梅”實施農產品(pin)地理標志(zhi)登記保護。
2004年,阜城縣杏(xing)梅面積(ji)達6.94萬畝,年產量達2.94萬噸,占全國杏(xing)梅市場(chang)份額的90%以上。
2020年,阜(fu)城(cheng)杏梅生產規模200公頃(qing),年產量0.8萬噸(dun),占全國市場份額的95%以(yi)上(shang)。