杭州慧因高麗寺位于赤山(shan)埠與(yu)玉岑山(shan)之間,是(shi)以寺廟(miao)建筑為載體、以宗教文化為基(ji)調(diao)的特色旅游景(jing)點。
慧因(yin)高麗寺始建于927年,屢(lv)毀(hui)屢(lv)建,到晚(wan)清(qing)寺廟(miao)建筑(zhu)基本(ben)無存(cun)。
2007年,這(zhe)座(zuo)歷(li)(li)史名剎(cha)得到復建。復建的(de)(de)慧因(yin)高麗(li)寺(si)具有超(chao)越一般寺(si)院的(de)(de)特殊意義與(yu)價值。一方面,由于(yu)北宋時期凈源法師的(de)(de)大力弘揚與(yu)海東法子義天的(de)(de)捐資獻經(jing),使得它成為(wei)華嚴(yan)宗的(de)(de)中興重(zhong)地和教(jiao)(jiao)藏中心,對中國(guo)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)史和對朝鮮(xian)半(ban)島(dao)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)有著(zhu)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)影響;另一方面,它也是(shi)中國(guo)大陸與(yu)朝鮮(xian)半(ban)島(dao)長久的(de)(de)友好歷(li)(li)史的(de)(de)見(jian)證。因(yin)此,慧因(yin)高麗(li)寺(si)本(ben)身雖非(fei)文物(wu)建筑,但卻蘊(yun)藏著(zhu)極豐富的(de)(de)文化內涵(han),承擔(dan)著(zhu)以當(dang)代精(jing)神(shen)繼續(xu)發揚佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)文化,持續(xu)見(jian)證佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)文化交流(liu)的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史的(de)(de)使命(ming),是(shi)一處具有宗教(jiao)(jiao)文化展示(shi)性質的(de)(de)旅游景(jing)點(dian)。
布局
復建后的慧因高麗(li)寺(si),參照“古高麗(li)寺(si)圖”的規(gui)模(mo)和布局(ju),建筑(zhu)風格為(wei)宋(song)式(shi)。它在尊重(zhong)傳統佛(fo)寺(si)格局(ju)的基礎上,揉合了宗(zong)教博物(wu)館與佛(fo)寺(si)的特(te)色(se),營造出(chu)(chu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化廟(miao)的效果(guo),意在繼承與闡釋高麗(li)寺(si)在佛(fo)教文(wen)(wen)(wen)化交(jiao)流上的歷史淵源,展(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)唐宋(song)時期中(zhong)(zhong)國佛(fo)寺(si)的氛圍和藝術特(te)色(se)。慧因高麗(li)寺(si)的空間布局(ju)由(you)三條軸線(xian)組成:中(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)是天王殿、大雄殿、輪藏殿與華嚴經閣,用以展(zhan)(zhan)示中(zhong)(zhong)國傳統的佛(fo)教文(wen)(wen)(wen)化。北側(ce)是佛(fo)教文(wen)(wen)(wen)化交(jiao)流陳列室、方(fang)丈室與禪堂,將題點出(chu)(chu)高麗(li)寺(si)佛(fo)教文(wen)(wen)(wen)化交(jiao)流的歷史淵源。南面則是配(pei)套的服務設施。
天王殿
天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)慧因高麗寺(si)第一重(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)堂,殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)以(yi)(yi)仿唐(tang)(tang)宋(song)(song)(song)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)四(si)大(da)(da)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)青(qing)銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)立于(yu)須彌(mi)山(shan)黃金、琉璃、白銀、瑪瑙(nao)四(si)陲,象征護持(chi)(chi)人民(min)國土(tu)與(yu)(yu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa)(fa)。旁襯絲綢彩繪及《慧因寺(si)山(shan)圖(tu)》等,以(yi)(yi)稱頌慧因高麗寺(si)重(zhong)建(jian)盛(sheng)(sheng)事(shi)。兩(liang)壁面(mian)以(yi)(yi)饒富杭城山(shan)水韻味的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)云水紋烘托物(wu)換星移(yi)杭城宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)史(shi)(shi),四(si)片玉石版(ban)精(jing)雕(diao)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現莊(zhuang)嚴佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)國與(yu)(yu)說法(fa)(fa)盛(sheng)(sheng)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)內(nei)(nei)涵。展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)陳(chen)(chen)手法(fa)(fa)將現代與(yu)(yu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)有(you)機揉合(he),既(ji)精(jing)致又不失莊(zhuang)重(zhong)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓為(wei)寺(si)院(yuan)懸掛大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)閣。新鑄(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梵(fan)鐘(zhong)(zhong)融入了(le)唐(tang)(tang)宋(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)圖(tu)案,并吸(xi)取同時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)高麗、新羅時(shi)(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梵(fan)鐘(zhong)(zhong)特(te)色,鑄(zhu)(zhu)造工藝精(jing)致。以(yi)(yi)精(jing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)梵(fan)鐘(zhong)(zhong)祝愿(yuan)眾生"聞鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲煩惱清(qing)菩提長智慧生,離地獄出(chu)(chu)火坑愿(yuan)成佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)度眾生"。鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓底層(ceng)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示中(zhong)韓各國佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)代表性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)鐘(zhong)(zhong)模型與(yu)(yu)相關(guan)(guan)紀念品(pin)。大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian),大(da)(da)雄是(shi)稱贊釋迦牟尼(ni)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)威德高上之(zhi)(zhi)意。現殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)慧因寺(si)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)中(zhong)最(zui)興盛(sheng)(sheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)--宋(song)(song)(song)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)布局呈現。紅花梨木(mu)精(jing)雕(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)須彌(mi)座上布列(lie)(lie)了(le)塑(su)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)十九(jiu)尊,用(yong)以(yi)(yi)表現三世(shi)(shi)諸佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)、十方菩薩、聲聞羅漢、一切圣(sheng)賢。背墻為(wei)三幅傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)彩繪,兩(liang)側陳(chen)(chen)列(lie)(lie)造像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石刻(ke)。整個(ge)殿(dian)(dian)堂肅(su)穆(mu)莊(zhuang)重(zhong),營造出(chu)(chu)唐(tang)(tang)宋(song)(song)(song)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氛圍。輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)殿(dian)(dian)輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)是(shi)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)寺(si)院(yuan)專(zhuan)設藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)放經(jing)(jing)卷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)宇,具(ju)有(you)"推之(zhi)(zhi)一匝與(yu)(yu)誦讀(du)一大(da)(da)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)(jing)正(zheng)(zheng)等無(wu)異"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)含意。唐(tang)(tang)宋(song)(song)(song)時(shi)(shi)(shi)江(jiang)南(nan)地區輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)設置(zhi)盛(sheng)(sheng)行,形制(zhi)華(hua)(hua)麗,寺(si)院(yuan)競相以(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)富麗夸耀,但當(dang)代江(jiang)南(nan)地區寺(si)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)已無(wu)遺(yi)構留(liu)存(cun)。史(shi)(shi)載高麗寺(si)輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)規模恢弘,內(nei)(nei)設宋(song)(song)(song)式轉輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)。復建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)作輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)共四(si)層(ceng)五重(zhong)檐,高13.5米,為(wei)國內(nei)(nei)最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)。其中(zhong)三層(ceng)內(nei)(nei)置(zhi)經(jing)(jing)書與(yu)(yu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)文(wen)物(wu),頂層(ceng)為(wei)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)宋(song)(song)(song)式佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)道帳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮樓閣,通(tong)體鐫雕(diao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)龍飛(fei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)護持(chi)(chi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)與(yu)(yu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa)(fa),整體按傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)宋(song)(song)(song)式小木(mu)作法(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)楠(nan)木(mu)精(jing)雕(diao)而成,蘊含了(le)江(jiang)南(nan)地區樓閣式木(mu)塔建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優秀技術(shu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)也展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現了(le)工程(cheng)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代性(xing),不僅成為(wei)慧因高麗寺(si)中(zhong)最(zui)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)宇,亦是(shi)海內(nei)(nei)外絕無(wu)僅有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)巨構。華(hua)(hua)嚴經(jing)(jing)閣華(hua)(hua)嚴經(jing)(jing)閣為(wei)整個(ge)慧因高麗寺(si)中(zhong)軸空間(jian)序列(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端點,閣內(nei)(nei)復建(jian)了(le)楠(nan)木(mu)宋(song)(song)(song)式壁帳,以(yi)(yi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)經(jing)(jing)籍,并展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示韓國佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)界提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)(jing)雕(diao)版(ban)及各式典藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)物(wu)。其環境結合(he)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)龕與(yu)(yu)飛(fei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)彩繪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計,游客在瓔珞珠玉圜佩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叮當(dang)中(zhong),彷(pang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)置(zhi)身極樂(le)世(shi)(shi)界中(zhong),欣賞飛(fei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)技樂(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曼妙與(yu)(yu)諸佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)莊(zhuang)嚴圣(sheng)容等佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)化(hua)相關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影視(shi)片,獲得一種特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)化(hua)體驗,享(xiang)受一場佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)藝術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盛(sheng)(sheng)宴。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)交(jiao)(jiao)流陳(chen)(chen)列(lie)(lie)室中(zhong)國大(da)(da)陸與(yu)(yu)朝鮮半島(dao)(高麗)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)交(jiao)(jiao)流肇始于(yu)公元四(si)世(shi)(shi)紀中(zhong)后期(qi),迄今已有(you)1600余(yu)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)。其交(jiao)(jiao)流活動(dong)影響之(zhi)(zhi)廣泛、深遠(yuan)、持(chi)(chi)久是(shi)世(shi)(shi)界文(wen)化(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)流史(shi)(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)罕見現象。在兩(liang)國佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)交(jiao)(jiao)流史(shi)(shi)上占有(you)重(zhong)要地位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高僧大(da)(da)德很(hen)多,由于(yu)場地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi),本陳(chen)(chen)列(lie)(lie)室最(zui)后展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)22位高僧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)事(shi)跡。義(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)堂義(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)堂正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)陳(chen)(chen)列(lie)(lie)義(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)大(da)(da)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)塑(su)坐像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),環以(yi)(yi)12幅銅(tong)板連環畫展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)陳(chen)(chen)義(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)大(da)(da)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生平事(shi)跡。從陳(chen)(chen)列(lie)(lie)室到義(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)堂,設計了(le)青(qing)石浮雕(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)義(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)入宋(song)(song)(song)求法(fa)(fa)和歸國時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)航海圖(tu),今人可追隨義(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)大(da)(da)師(shi)(shi)足跡重(zhong)走歷(li)史(shi)(shi)路線,象征傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)化(hua)脈絡。
門票
20元
特殊人群:
A.免(mian)(mian)票(piao)政策:兒童身高1.2米以(yi)下免(mian)(mian)費;70周歲以(yi)上老(lao)年人、軍人、殘疾(ji)人憑有(you)效證件免(mian)(mian)票(piao);浙江省滿30年教(jiao)齡(ling)的(de)教(jiao)師憑教(jiao)師證免(mian)(mian)票(piao)。
B.優(you)惠政策:兒童身高1.2-1.5米(mi)購(gou)兒童票;60—69周歲的(de)老(lao)人憑有效證件(jian)購(gou)優(you)惠票;18周歲以下學(xue)生(sheng)、全日制大學(xue)生(sheng)憑證購(gou)優(you)惠票。
開放時間
08:00-17:00
1、乘坐809路(lu),經過4站(zhan), 到達清波(bo)門站(zhan)
2、乘坐y6路(lu)(lu),經過5站, 到達(da)三臺山(shan)路(lu)(lu)站
3、步行約(yue)470米,到達慧因高麗寺
慧(hui)(hui)因(yin)高(gao)麗寺(si)最早建(jian)于(yu)927年(后(hou)唐天成二年),由(you)吳越王錢镠(liu)建(jian)造(zao)。慧(hui)(hui)因(yin)高(gao)麗寺(si)的出名,和高(gao)麗國(guo)(guo)王文(wen)宗王徽的第(di)四個兒子,也就是出家封(feng)號為“佑世僧統”的義天有密(mi)切關系。1085年(北宋元豐(feng)八年),義天遠(yuan)涉(she)重洋到杭州來求佛(fo)法,并隨師傅凈源入(ru)住慧(hui)(hui)因(yin)寺(si)。后(hou)義天歸國(guo)(guo),將《華(hua)嚴經》三(san)部170卷送與慧(hui)(hui)因(yin)寺(si),并捐資建(jian)造(zao)華(hua)嚴經藏經閣及菩薩像等,使(shi)慧(hui)(hui)因(yin)寺(si)名聲大振,被(bei)譽為“華(hua)嚴第(di)一(yi)道場”,俗(su)稱高(gao)麗寺(si)。南宋及元代,慧(hui)(hui)因(yin)高(gao)麗寺(si)作(zuo)為御前功德(de)院累受封(feng)賜,香火興旺。此后(hou),慧(hui)(hui)因(yin)高(gao)麗寺(si)屢毀屢建(jian),到光緒初年,寺(si)廟(miao)建(jian)筑(zhu)基本無存(cun)。
2004年,杭州市開始復建這座歷史名剎,并(bing)把它列為湖西36處歷史文化景(jing)點之一。這次復建,前后歷經兩年零七個月。
唐宋風格
復建的(de)慧因高麗寺以它最鼎盛時期的(de)風貌恢復,寺內文化陳設均為唐宋風格。這(zhe)與現(xian)代(dai)江南的(de)寺廟陳設大不相同。占地面(mian)積約15000平方(fang)米,總建筑面(mian)積約2500平方(fang)米。
很多看點都(dou)是(shi)獨一(yi)無二。如輪(lun)藏殿、四大天王(wang)獨特(te)造型、佛像、壁畫……特(te)別值得(de)一(yi)提的(de)就是(shi)輪(lun)藏殿內的(de)“轉輪(lun)藏”。
據介紹,江南的(de)寺(si)廟多為(wei)元(yuan)代之后(hou)的(de)明清風格,典型(xing)的(de)如杭(hang)州靈隱寺(si),比(bi)較肅(su)穆,佛(fo)像體量(liang)較大(da)。而在慧因高麗寺(si)的(de)大(da)雄寶殿,群(qun)佛(fo)像衣(yi)衫華美(mei)、體態豐盈。
大雄寶(bao)殿中的(de)群像(xiang)是唐(tang)宋寺院(yuan)中常有(you)的(de),后期寺院(yuan)很難見到(dao),這些佛(fo)像(xiang)的(de)制作工藝(yi)叫“生漆脫胎(tai)”,幾近失(shi)傳(chuan),使用該(gai)工藝(yi)而(er)流傳(chuan)下來的(de)佛(fo)像(xiang)已(yi)相當罕見,在日本奈良唐(tang)招提(ti)寺存有(you)一尊(zun)“鑒(jian)真(zhen)大師”就是用脫胎(tai)工藝(yi)制成,是日本國寶(bao)級的(de)珍貴文物。
而寺內(nei)四大(da)金剛也不是(shi)排排站,而是(shi)各據東南西北四個方(fang)向,面對面站立。四大(da)金剛像也非常(chang)獨特,手持降魔寶(bao)器,神態慈祥,不是(shi)常(chang)見(jian)的“怒目圓(yuan)睜”。
轉輪藏
慧因高(gao)麗寺(si)內還(huan)藏(zang)有世界第一(yi)高(gao)的轉(zhuan)輪(lun)藏(zang),高(gao)達13.6米。通身用楠木雕就(jiu),且(qie)用金箔裝飾。
輪(lun)藏是傳統寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)專設藏放(fang)經(jing)(jing)卷的殿宇(yu),具有“推之一匝(圈)與誦讀一大藏經(jing)(jing)正(zheng)等無異”的特殊含意。唐宋時(shi)江南(nan)地區輪(lun)藏設置(zhi)盛行,形制華麗,寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)競相以經(jing)(jing)藏富麗夸耀,但當(dang)代(dai)江南(nan)地區寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)的輪(lun)藏已(yi)無遺(yi)構留存。
這座數噸重(zhong)的(de)(de)精美(mei)建筑(zhu),可(ke)以以普通的(de)(de)人力推(tui)(tui)動。4人各據一角,手握(wo)木(mu)制推(tui)(tui)手,一致用力徐(xu)徐(xu)往前(qian)推(tui)(tui),這座金燦燦的(de)(de)“龐然大物”便開始緩緩轉動。因為(wei)行進速(su)度很慢(man)(man),可(ke)以有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)時間,慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)品賞其內(nei)的(de)(de)陳(chen)列品。
武林梵志
高麗寺本(ben)名慧因(yin)寺,后唐(tang)天成二(er)年,吳越(yue)錢武(wu)肅(su)王建也。
宋(song)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐八年,高(gao)麗(li)國王(wang)子僧統義天入(ru)貢,因請凈(jing)(jing)源(yuan)法師(shi)學賢首教。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)祐二年,以金書(shu)漢譯《華(hua)嚴經(jing)》三(san)(san)百部入(ru)寺(si),施金建華(hua)嚴大(da)閣藏(zang)塔(ta)以尊崇之(zhi)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)祐四年,統義天以祭奠凈(jing)(jing)源(yuan)為(wei)名,兼進金塔(ta)二座。杭州刺(ci)史(shi)蘇軾疏言:“外夷不可使屢入(ru)中國,以疏邊(bian)防,金塔(ta)宜(yi)卻弗受。”神宗從之(zhi)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)延祐四年,高(gao)麗(li)沈王(wang)奉(feng)詔進香幡經(jing)于此。至(zhi)正末(mo)毀。洪武(wu)初(chu)(chu)重葺。俗(su)稱高(gao)麗(li)寺(si)。礎石精工,藏(zang)輪(lun)宏麗(li),兩山所(suo)無。萬(wan)歷間,僧如(ru)(ru)通重修。余少時從先(xian)宜(yi)人至(zhi)寺(si)燒香,出(chu)錢(qian)三(san)(san)百,命輿人推轉(zhuan)輪(lun)藏(zang),輪(lun)轉(zhuan)呀呀,如(ru)(ru)鼓吹(chui)初(chu)(chu)作。后旋轉(zhuan)熟滑,藏(zang)輪(lun)如(ru)(ru)飛,推者莫及。
高麗寺志
“寺址最稱廣衍,舊傳三(san)十畝有(you)奇,而前后左(zuo)右松邱(qiu)竹塢麥隴菜畦不預焉”。
明萬歷如(ru)通興復時,“以(yi)玉岑緊逼無隙(xi)地,即山門為(wei)之(zhi)。旁設四天王,中龕向背(bei),俱觀音像”,其像乃寺僧無盡掘(jue)地所得,雖(sui)“淪埋歲久(jiu)”,卻“莊嚴福好(hao),宛(wan)然如(ru)新(xin)”。
大(da)雄殿(dian),始(shi)建(jian)之初(chu)(chu)采(cai)用雕飾(shi)龍鳳云雷紋(wen)飾(shi)的石(shi)柱和石(shi)礎,規制宏大(da),人稱(cheng)“漢宮金狄(di)”,至明末(mo)猶存(cun)寺(si)內,且為(wei)(wei)歷次修(xiu)葺時(shi)采(cai)用。而其(qi)它木構件“遞圮(pi)遞修(xiu),榱桷(jue)棟楹(ying),漸(jian)非故物”。明末(mo)如(ru)通復興(xing)時(shi),“規模跂翼,與玉岑(cen)(cen)對峙,差相(xiang)伯仲,不失舊觀(guan)”。高(gao)度與玉岑(cen)(cen)山(shan)不相(xiang)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。玉岑(cen)(cen)山(shan)最(zui)高(gao)峰海拔僅26米,地平面高(gao)度為(wei)(wei)10米,則(ze)玉岑(cen)(cen)山(shan)相(xiang)對高(gao)度為(wei)(wei)16米許。如(ru)此(ci),則(ze)大(da)雄殿(dian)高(gao)度也當在15米上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。如(ru)通修(xiu)復后,不久又圮(pi)廢。到呂純如(ru)謁(ye)寺(si)捐資重建(jian)時(shi),大(da)雄殿(dian)又一次得以修(xiu)整一新(xin)。殿(dian)內“初(chu)(chu)止奉毗盧(lu)(lu)佛一尊(zun),自易庵(an)通之葺,遂中奉釋迦,左普賢(xian)而右文殊,以華嚴座(zuo)普賢(xian)長子居(ju)上(shang)(shang)首也”,即所謂“前正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian),廬三世佛”。“正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)元獨毗盧(lu)(lu)佛一尊(zun),座(zuo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)惟侍托塔毗沙門、護法(fa)韋馱而已,四旁(pang)周圍(wei),前立二(er)十(shi)天(tian),后坐十(shi)八應真。易庵(an)以為(wei)(wei)華嚴境界有主有伴,于是(shi)左增(zeng)(zeng)長子大(da)行普賢(xian)愿王,右增(zeng)(zeng)小(xiao)男大(da)智(zhi)文殊師利法(fa)王子。”
輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)殿,明萬歷如(ru)(ru)通興復時“起于園池,正猶龍藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)在(zai)”,“與(yu)大殿相連,高則倍(bei)之(zhi),接構工巧,無湊(cou)泊跡(ji)。雖諸山(shan)繚(liao)繞(rao),湖中(zhong)(zhong)仿佛隱見(jian)。中(zhong)(zhong)設轉(zhuan)輪(lun)(lun),貯欽賜(si)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)經于函。璧水瀠環,檐(yan)阿翬煥,相輪(lun)(lun)聲聞數里。兩(liang)山(shan)邀游,咸謂目未(wei)曾有也”。修寺志時李翥列“輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)凌(ling)云(yun)”為“惠因十景(jing)”之(zhi)一(yi)。如(ru)(ru)果藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)閣高度真的(de)比大雄殿高一(yi)倍(bei),那么其(qi)(qi)地面高度當在(zai)三十米左(zuo)右,人(ren)在(zai)西湖中(zhong)(zhong)自然也可(ke)望見(jian)其(qi)(qi)雄姿。除了(le)“高”和“巧”兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)特征外,輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)殿還有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)特征,就(jiu)是“中(zhong)(zhong)設轉(zhuan)輪(lun)(lun),規制(zhi)宏(hong)偉”,一(yi)柱八面,無與(yu)倫比。張岱幼(you)時到寺內燒香,“出錢三百,命輿人(ren)推轉(zhuan)輪(lun)(lun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang),輪(lun)(lun)轉(zhuan)呀呀如(ru)(ru)鼓吹初作,后旋轉(zhuan)熟滑(hua),藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)轉(zhuan)如(ru)(ru)飛,推者莫及”,所述正是如(ru)(ru)通修建的(de)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)殿轉(zhuan)輪(lun)(lun)。
華(hua)(hua)(hua)嚴經(jing)閣(ge),哲(zhe)宗(zong)(zong)元符(fu)二(er)年(nian)(1099)義(yi)天王子(zi)捐資二(er)千(qian)兩銀子(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)此閣(ge),徽宗(zong)(zong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)中靖國(guo)元年(nian)(1101)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)。內奉義(yi)天所獻金書(shu)《華(hua)(hua)(hua)嚴經(jing)》三(san)部以及其(qi)它教宗(zong)(zong)玄(xuan)要六百多函,是華(hua)(hua)(hua)嚴教中興后教宗(zong)(zong)典(dian)籍的(de)寶庫(ku)。南(nan)宋寧宗(zong)(zong)時曾(ceng)親(qin)臨閣(ge)內閱經(jing),且御(yu)題(ti)“華(hua)(hua)(hua)嚴經(jing)閣(ge)”匾額(e)(e)。元末(mo)寺毀(hui)時,閣(ge)也(ye)廢(fei)沒。明初重(zhong)(zhong)葺,經(jing)閣(ge)未(wei)復。“嗣后遞廢(fei)遞興,閣(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)遺(yi)址終屬(shu)飛蓬野(ye)蔓(man)”。如(ru)通興復時,閣(ge)亦(yi)未(wei)復。其(qi)后寺僧(seng)本源澄(cheng)的(de)徒(tu)弟月印(yin)微“慨然(ran)創復”,惜“功未(wei)竟而(er)殤”。“本源愍其(qi)徒(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi),閉關面壁,三(san)歷寒暑(shu),眾(zhong)心向往,樂觀(guan)其(qi)成(cheng)。裔(yi)孫止水凝,拮據竣事(shi),中奉準提,軒窗四照,嵐光樹色,面面如(ru)畫,聞御(yu)書(shu)額(e)(e)入張尚書(shu)(張瀚)府第,閣(ge)成(cheng)復還,數百年(nian)久廢(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)規,一新耳目(mu),遠近有重(zhong)(zhong)興之(zhi)(zhi)望焉(yan)。”華(hua)(hua)(hua)嚴經(jing)閣(ge)的(de)修(xiu)復,是高麗(li)寺復興的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要標(biao)幟。