簡介
象山王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地,東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)尚書(shu)、左仆射(she)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)彬(bin)的(de)家族(zu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬群。位于(yu)(yu)江蘇省南(nan)(nan)(nan)京市北郊幕府山西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)象山上(shang)。1965~1970年(nian)(nian)(nian),南(nan)(nan)(nan)京市文物保管(guan)委(wei)員會(hui)先后發(fa)(fa)掘了7座(zuo),除2號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)系南(nan)(nan)(nan)朝墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)外,余均為東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。據墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志,1號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)彬(bin)的(de)第4子(zi)、征西(xi)大將(jiang)軍(jun)行參軍(jun)、贛(gan)令王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)興(xing)之(zhi)夫(fu)婦墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)興(xing)之(zhi)卒(zu)于(yu)(yu)咸康六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(340),其妻(qi)宋(song)和(he)之(zhi)卒(zu)于(yu)(yu)永(yong)和(he)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(348)。3號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)彬(bin)的(de)長(chang)女王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)丹(dan)虎(hu),升(sheng)平(ping)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(359)卒(zu)。5號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)興(xing)之(zhi)的(de)元(yuan)子(zi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)閩之(zhi),升(sheng)平(ping)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)卒(zu)。6號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)彬(bin)的(de)繼室(shi)夫(fu)人夏金虎(hu),太元(yuan)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(392)卒(zu)。據王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)興(xing)之(zhi)和(he)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)丹(dan)虎(hu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志,確(que)知王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)彬(bin)應葬于(yu)(yu)兩者(zhe)之(zhi)間,但(dan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)早已(yi)破壞(huai)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)彬(bin)官(guan)(guan)至(zhi)尚書(shu)、左仆射(she),年(nian)(nian)(nian)五十(shi)九卒(zu)。死后贈(zeng)特進(jin)衛將(jiang)軍(jun)、加散騎常侍,謚曰肅。據考證:7號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)應屬(shu)東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)早期,可能即為其次兄王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)廙(yi)之(zhi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)廙(yi)官(guan)(guan)至(zhi)平(ping)南(nan)(nan)(nan)將(jiang)軍(jun)、荊州刺(ci)史、武(wu)陵(ling)侯,死后喪還建康。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)原籍瑯邪臨沂,是東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)政權的(de)主要(yao)統治支柱之(zhi)一(yi)。已(yi)發(fa)(fa)掘的(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)族(zu)葬區達5萬平(ping)方(fang)米以上(shang),隨葬品較豐(feng)富(fu),對研究東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)時期的(de)土族(zu)門(men)閥(fa)制度(du)、喪葬制度(du)等具(ju)有(you)重要(yao)價值。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)均系磚結構(gou)。
墓室
均(jun)(jun)系(xi)磚結構(gou)。 7號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)為平(ping)(ping)面(mian)呈凸(tu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)四隅(yu)券(quan)(quan)進式穹窿頂墓(mu)(mu)(mu),由棺(guan)(guan)室和甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)兩(liang)(liang)部(bu)分(fen)構(gou)成,全長(chang)5.3米(mi),寬3.22米(mi),高3.42米(mi)。左右壁(bi)(bi)呈弧形(xing)(xing)稍向(xiang)外(wai)鼓,左、右、后3壁(bi)(bi)中(zhong)間各(ge)(ge)(ge)砌直欞(ling)假窗,其上(shang)(shang)又各(ge)(ge)(ge)砌一個凸(tu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)壁(bi)(bi)龕,內各(ge)(ge)(ge)置一青瓷小(xiao)碗。甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)為券(quan)(quan)頂,以門槽為界分(fen)內外(wai)兩(liang)(liang)進。以磚封門。1、2、4、6號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)(jun)為平(ping)(ping)面(mian)呈凸(tu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)券(quan)(quan)頂墓(mu)(mu)(mu),分(fen)棺(guan)(guan)室和甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)兩(liang)(liang)部(bu)分(fen)。3號和5號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)是平(ping)(ping)面(mian)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)、不設甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)券(quan)(quan)頂墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)壁(bi)(bi)也砌有(you)(you)直欞(ling)假窗和凸(tu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)小(xiao)壁(bi)(bi)龕,6號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)在(zai)棺(guan)(guan)室前(qian)(qian)部(bu)尚砌有(you)(you)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)磚臺。各(ge)(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)鋪地磚兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng),一般(ban)都有(you)(you)通向(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)磚排(pai)(pai)水(shui)溝,如王(wang)丹虎墓(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)5層(ceng)磚砌成的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)溝,發掘時殘存(cun)17米(mi)以上(shang)(shang),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)內四壁(bi)(bi)還涂有(you)(you)石灰。
隨葬品
共(gong)出土(tu)隨葬品230余件,可分為(wei)青(qing)(qing)瓷器(qi)、陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)、銅器(qi)、鐵器(qi)以(yi)及(ji)金(jin)銀、瑪(ma)瑙、琥珀、水晶、玉石等。3號墓還出土(tu)主要成(cheng)分為(wei)硫化汞的(de)丹丸200余粒(li)、貝殼(ke)狀飾幾千粒(li)、珍珠幾十粒(li)。7號墓出土(tu)玻(bo)璃杯2只、嵌金(jin)鋼石金(jin)環1只,屬國外輸入品,是反映當時中外貿易(yi)交往(wang)的(de)重要實物(wu)。青(qing)(qing)瓷器(qi)共(gong)57件,釉色(se)以(yi)青(qing)(qing)灰為(wei)主,其次為(wei)青(qing)(qing)綠和黃綠色(se),某些器(qi)物(wu)的(de)上部和器(qi)蓋(gai)上綴醬(jiang)色(se)釉斑點。器(qi)形(xing)有(you)盤口壺、雞(ji)首壺、罐、碗、唾壺以(yi)及(ji)香熏、燈(deng)、洗(xi)、盤、盆(pen)、虎子(zi)、羊等。 7號墓在(zai)(zai)棺室和甬道(dao)之(zhi)間(jian)陳放(fang)陶(tao)(tao)榻,長1.12米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)0.65米(mi)(mi),高0.214米(mi)(mi),器(qi)形(xing)之(zhi)大亦屬少(shao)見(jian),其上置陶(tao)(tao)憑(ping)幾、陶(tao)(tao)盤、陶(tao)(tao)耳(er)杯、瓷香熏、瓷唾壺和陶(tao)(tao)硯等日常(chang)生活用器(qi)和文具,當是主人的(de)神位(wei)所在(zai)(zai)。