孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)紀念館,原名(ming)藏(zang)經(jing)樓,位于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)陵與靈谷寺之間的(de)(de)密林(lin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是一座仿清代喇嘛寺的(de)(de)古典建筑。主樓高20.8米(mi),頂上(shang)蓋綠色琉(liu)(liu)璃瓦,屋脊(ji)為黃色琉(liu)(liu)璃瓦,正脊(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央飾(shi)(shi)有(you)紫(zi)銅回(hui)輪華蓋,梁、柱(zhu)、額枋均飾(shi)(shi)以(yi)彩繪。樓內珍藏(zang)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)先生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)經(jing)典著作(zuo)和奉(feng)安照片等珍貴史(shi)料。樓前廣場正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)花(hua)臺上(shang)豎有(you)一尊高2.6米(mi)的(de)(de)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)先生(sheng)(sheng)全身(shen)銅像。樓后(hou)有(you)長(chang)達125米(mi)的(de)(de)碑廊,上(shang)刻孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)先生(sheng)(sheng)所著“三民主義”全文(wen)。
南京東部中(zhong)山陵東、靈谷寺西的(de)(de)(de)林海中(zhong),溪流綠樹掩映著(zhu)一(yi)座仿清喇(la)嘛(ma)廟的(de)(de)(de)古典(dian)建(jian)(jian)筑,它(ta)依山而建(jian)(jian),氣勢恢宏,這(zhe)里就(jiu)是保存展示一(yi)代偉人孫中(zhong)山先生(sheng)史跡(ji)的(de)(de)(de)博物(wu)館--孫中(zhong)山紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館。孫中(zhong)山紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館原(yuan)名(ming)藏(zang)經樓,是中(zhong)山陵園眾多(duo)(duo)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)性建(jian)(jian)筑之一(yi),原(yuan)由中(zhong)國佛教會捐建(jian)(jian),初為(wei)收藏(zang)佛經所用。建(jian)(jian)筑包括主樓、僧房和碑廊三個部分,面積達3000多(duo)(duo)平方米,由著(zhu)名(ming)建(jian)(jian)筑師盧奉璋(zhang)設計(ji),1936年冬竣工。來到(dao)孫中(zhong)山紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館,首先映入眼簾(lian)的(de)(de)(de)是廣場中(zhong)央石階上矗(chu)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)座孫中(zhong)山全身銅像。這(zhe)尊銅像高(gao)2.9米,重達一(yi)噸多(duo)(duo),以孫中(zhong)山向民眾發(fa)表(biao)演(yan)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)姿勢為(wei)造型,氣勢磅礴,栩栩如生(sheng)。這(zhe)尊銅像是孫中(zhong)山生(sheng)前的(de)(de)(de)日本(ben)友人梅屋莊吉贈送的(de)(de)(de)。
藏經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)樓(lou)飽(bao)含歷史(shi)滄桑。抗戰前,藏經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)樓(lou)曾珍(zhen)藏了一批珍(zhen)貴文物(wu)和(he)佛(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),這(zhe)(zhe)些文物(wu)和(he)佛(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)都是該樓(lou)落成后(hou)各地(di)佛(fo)教(jiao)界人(ren)士(shi)贈(zeng)送(song)(song)或(huo)薦送(song)(song)的(de)。抗戰爆發(fa)后(hou),藏經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)樓(lou)遭到嚴重破壞,僧(seng)房(fang)、碑(bei)廊(lang)毀(hui)于(yu)日(ri)軍炮火,文物(wu)與佛(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)也不知去向。新(xin)中(zhong)國建立后(hou),地(di)方(fang)政府多次撥款(kuan),逐(zhu)步(bu)修建了主(zhu)樓(lou)、僧(seng)房(fang)和(he)碑(bei)廊(lang)。1986年11月(yue),為(wei)紀念(nian)孫中(zhong)山先(xian)生誕辰120周年,在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里舉辦了內(nei)容豐富(fu)的(de)孫中(zhong)山先(xian)生史(shi)跡及著作展(zhan)覽(lan)。藏經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)樓(lou)首次接待了由(you)港澳各界人(ren)士(shi)組(zu)成的(de)大(da)規模的(de)海(hai)外(wai)謁陵代表團(tuan)及參加學(xue)術研討會的(de)專家學(xue)者。孫中(zhong)山先(xian)生的(de)親(qin)屬孫穗(sui)英、孫穗(sui)華、戴成功(gong)及許許多多海(hai)內(nei)外(wai)知名人(ren)士(shi)先(xian)后(hou)來此參觀,1987年5月(yue)7日(ri),南京市人(ren)民政府正(zheng)式批準(zhun)將藏經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)樓(lou)辟為(wei)"孫中(zhong)山紀念(nian)館(guan)(guan)"。1989年5月(yue)30日(ri),在(zai)(zai)孫中(zhong)山先(xian)生奉安60周年前夕,該館(guan)(guan)正(zheng)式對(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放。
孫中山紀(ji)念館(guan)位于中山陵與靈谷寺之間的茫茫林海中,是(shi)一座仿清代喇嘛寺的古典建(jian)筑(zhu)。1934年中國(guo)佛教協會(hui)發起(qi)募建(jian)。
此(ci)樓專為(wei)收藏孫中山先生(sheng)的(de)物品而建(jian),又名藏經(jing)樓。主(zhu)要包括主(zhu)樓、僧房和碑廊三部分,面積達3000多(duo)平方(fang)米,現辟為(wei)孫中山的(de)經(jing)典菱處,還展出奉(feng)安大典珍貴史(shi)料(liao)。
主(zhu)樓共三層,底層為講經(jing)堂,并有夾(jia)樓聽座;二樓為藏經(jing)、閱經(jing)及研究室;三樓為藏經(jing)室。
樓后回廊壁面鑲砌有(you)馮玉祥將軍捐贈的(de)“三民(min)主義”學(xue)說全文碑刻,共6講138塊,計(ji)15萬5千(qian)余字。每講分別由當時的(de)書(shu)法家張乃恭、陳(chen)天(tian)錫、連聲海、李啟琛等人書(shu)寫,是一組書(shu)刻俱佳(jia)的(de)珍貴(gui)文物。
登上雄偉的中山陵,向東眺望,在密(mi)林(lin)深處的萬頃(qing)綠浪(lang)中,有一座(zuo)金碧(bi)輝煌的古(gu)典建筑,猶如仙(xian)境中的瓊樓玉宇(yu),這就是南京孫中山紀念館(guan)。
孫中山(shan)紀念(nian)館包括藏經樓(lou)、《三(san)民主義》碑廊(lang)(lang)、中山(shan)書(shu)院等建(jian)筑(zhu)。藏經樓(lou)是一座中國傳統式建(jian)筑(zhu),包括主樓(lou)、僧房、碑廊(lang)(lang),是抗戰前(qian)總理陵園的(de)紀念(nian)建(jian)筑(zhu)之一,1938年抗日(ri)戰爭爆發,藏經樓(lou)主樓(lou)和《三(san)民主義》碑廊(lang)(lang)都遭到(dao)了不(bu)同(tong)程度的(de)破壞。
孫中山(shan)紀念館(guan)主樓(lou)前為一橢圓形的(de)(de)廣(guang)場,四周花木扶疏。廣(guang)場北側兩段石(shi)階上便是(shi)主樓(lou)。第(di)一段石(shi)階正中矗立著孫中山(shan)先生(sheng)銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang),銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)2.6米,重(zhong)一噸多,是(shi)孫中山(shan)先生(sheng)的(de)(de)日本友(you)人梅屋莊吉(ji)贈(zeng)送的(de)(de)。尊銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)曾矗立于新街口廣(guang)場的(de)(de)中央,時間長達24年(nian),為許多南京市民所熟悉。第(di)二段石(shi)階平臺上置(zhi)有一對銅(tong)鼎,系南京化(hua)學工業總公司于1989年(nian)開(kai)館(guan)之際捐贈(zeng)。主樓(lou)是(shi)重(zhong)檐(yan)歇山(shan)式宮殿(dian)建筑,挑檐(yan)飛角,氣勢不凡(fan),檐(yan)脊(ji)覆黃色琉(liu)璃瓦,主脊(ji)與垂脊(ji)以龍鳳、獅頭吻合,脊(ji)頂中央飾(shi)紫銅(tong)回輪華蓋,梁(liang)、柱、額枋均飾(shi)以彩繪(hui),整座建筑雕梁(liang)畫棟,金碧輝煌。
三(san)樓正中(zhong)(zhong)懸(xuan)有(you)一方直額,上(shang)書“藏經(jing)樓”三(san)字,黑底金字,為當代著名書法家(jia)武中(zhong)(zhong)奇(qi)手筆(bi),大門(men)門(men)楣橫匾上(shang)書有(you)“孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)紀念館”六個大字,這是(shi)已(yi)故全(quan)國政協副主席、民革中(zhong)(zhong)央名譽主席屈武所書。
藏(zang)經樓外(wai)觀為三層,中(zhong)間還有一夾(jia)層,共四(si)層。底層大廳里(li)連續不斷播放(fang)《總理奉(feng)安大典》資料(liao)錄像片,這部(bu)錄像片是根據當(dang)年孫中(zhong)山先生病逝、安葬時(shi)拍攝的(de)實況影片錄制(zhi)的(de),真實地再(zai)現(xian)了孫中(zhong)山先生病逝、公祭、建陵、迎櫬和奉(feng)安的(de)全過程(cheng),有許(xu)多珍貴的(de)歷史鏡頭。
大廳的四壁鑲嵌著(zhu)孫(sun)中山(shan)先生(sheng)手(shou)(shou)書(shu)的《建(jian)國大綱》全文巨匾(bian)。正面壁上鐫刻有(you)胡漢民手(shou)(shou)書(shu)《總理(li)遺囑》,兩側是(shi)孫(sun)中山(shan)手(shou)(shou)書(shu)“人(ren)類進化,世界大同”對聯(lian)。
三(san)(san)樓(lou)(lou)室外回廊四(si)壁設《永恒的(de)紀(ji)念(nian)》大型圖(tu)片(pian)資料展,展示各國領導(dao)人及知名人士晉(jin)謁(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山陵的(de)歷史鏡頭(tou)。展櫥里則(ze)展出(chu)有關(guan)孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山先生(sheng)的(de)書籍。三(san)(san)樓(lou)(lou)和四(si)樓(lou)(lou)是(shi)孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山紀(ji)念(nian)館(guan)的(de)主(zhu)體陳(chen)列(lie)《孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山先生(sheng)生(sheng)平事跡展》。共(gong)有五個展廳,分(fen)為七個部分(fen)。展線長180米,展出(chu)歷史圖(tu)片(pian)共(gong)315幅,還有各種文(wen)物、模型近百件,展示了孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山先生(sheng)偉(wei)大而(er)光輝的(de)一生(sheng)。陳(chen)列(lie)設計新穎,制作精良,在陳(chen)列(lie)方法上(shang)采用聲(sheng)、光、電等現代(dai)科技-T-段,大大增強了展出(chu)效果,特別(bie)是(shi)四(si)樓(lou)(lou)結尾部分(fen)的(de)大型電腦(nao)噴繪《世紀(ji)偉(wei)人》,生(sheng)動地詮釋了江澤民同(tong)志在黨的(de)十五大報告中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)闡述的(de)從孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山、毛(mao)澤東到鄧小平20世紀(ji)三(san)(san)位偉(wei)人在我國近現代(dai)歷史上(shang)所(suo)起的(de)巨大作用,給人以深刻的(de)啟示。
主樓(lou)后(hou)的(de)碑(bei)(bei)廊是國(guo)內罕見的(de)一(yi)座大型(xing)碑(bei)(bei)廊。碑(bei)(bei)廊長(chang)125米,左右對稱,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線上建(jian)(jian)有(you)僧房五(wu)間,兩(liang)翼(yi)有(you)回廊及碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)二(er)座相連。廊壁嵌(qian)有(you)馮(feng)玉祥將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)贈(zeng)(zeng)送的(de)河南嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)青石(shi)(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei)138塊(kuai)。愛國(guo)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)馮(feng)玉祥對孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)先生(sheng)十(shi)分崇敬,早在(zai)1920年秋,馮(feng)玉祥就開始同孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)聯系,此后(hou),孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)不(bu)(bu)斷地做(zuo)馮(feng)玉祥的(de)工作。1928年底,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)墓已即將(jiang)建(jian)(jian)成,陵(ling)園(yuan)正在(zai)積極(ji)籌(chou)備(bei)(bei)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)安葬事(shi)宜(yi),馮(feng)玉祥通過孫(sun)科向孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)葬事(shi)籌(chou)備(bei)(bei)處(chu)表(biao)示,愿意捐一(yi)批河南嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)青碑(bei)(bei)石(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)園(yuan)鐫刻(ke)(ke)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)lJJ的(de)《三(san)民(min)(min)主義》全(quan)文(wen),得(de)到同意后(hou),他精心(xin)挑選(xuan)了(le)(le)90多塊(kuai)碑(bei)(bei)石(shi)(shi)(shi),運到南京,準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)鐫刻(ke)(ke)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)正對面的(de)邵家(jia)(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上,并在(zai)那里建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)一(yi)座13層(ceng)的(de)紀念塔。1930年爆發了(le)(le)蔣、馮(feng)、閻的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原大戰,馮(feng)玉祥要在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)園(yuan)邵家(jia)(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)刻(ke)(ke)碑(bei)(bei)建(jian)(jian)塔的(de)事(shi)也就化為泡影。直(zhi)到1935年,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)佛教(jiao)會在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)墓東側建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)藏經樓(lou),這批石(shi)(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei)才(cai)被用來在(zai)藏經樓(lou)后(hou)面建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)了(le)(le)一(yi)座碑(bei)(bei)廊,鐫刻(ke)(ke)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)《三(san)民(min)(min)主義》全(quan)文(wen)。馮(feng)玉祥所贈(zeng)(zeng)送的(de)90多塊(kuai)碑(bei)(bei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)夠,又(you)從河南嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)選(xuan)購了(le)(le)40多塊(kuai)碑(bei)(bei)石(shi)(shi)(shi),精心(xin)鐫刻(ke)(ke)了(le)(le)《三(san)民(min)(min)主義》全(quan)文(wen),共16講,15.5萬字,由民(min)(min)國(guo)時期14位書(shu)(shu)法(fa)家(jia)(jia)書(shu)(shu)寫(xie),全(quan)部是楷書(shu)(shu)陰刻(ke)(ke),風格各異,造(zao)(zao)詣精湛,堪(kan)稱當代書(shu)(shu)法(fa)藝術中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)精品,具有(you)很高的(de)欣賞(shang)價值。
由北美(mei)安提瓜(gua)華人、香(xiang)港意利(li)輝(hui)投資有限(xian)公司董(dong)事(shi)長張(zhang)健先(xian)生、董(dong)事(shi)蔣明先(xian)生捐資興建(jian)的中山書院(yuan)于1995年3月12日孫(sun)中山先(xian)生逝世70周年紀念(nian)日落成,正式(shi)向海內外開(kai)放,成為孫(sun)中山紀念(nian)館又一(yi)個(ge)重要組成部分(fen)。
中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)書院位于藏(zang)(zang)經樓西側,占地2800平方米(mi),樓外鋪以(yi)草(cao)坪,廣植各種(zhong)名(ming)花佳木。主(zhu)樓為兩層(ceng)仿古建筑,整個(ge)建筑典雅秀麗(li),令人(ren)賞心悅目(mu)。書院主(zhu)要用于有關(guan)孫(sun)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)先生的(de)紀念活(huo)動、學術研(yan)(yan)究、文化(hua)交流。樓下辟三個(ge)陳(chen)(chen)列(lie)展(zhan)廳(ting),廳(ting)內展(zhan)出黨和國家(jia)領導人(ren)及外國元首謁陵的(de)照片及《孫(sun)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)著(zhu)作及學術研(yan)(yan)究成果展(zhan)》。另在東(dong)廳(ting)還舉辦《中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)陵收藏(zang)(zang)書畫(hua)精品(pin)展(zhan)》,陳(chen)(chen)列(lie)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)陵園收藏(zang)(zang)的(de)著(zhu)名(ming)書畫(hua)家(jia)林散(san)之、蕭嫻、武中(zhong)奇、費新我、黃養輝等(deng)人(ren)的(de)書畫(hua)精品(pin)。
辛亥(hai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命名(ming)人蠟像館(guan)(guan)是孫中山紀念館(guan)(guan)下屬機構之(zhi)一,位于藏經樓東(dong)側有六(liu)百年歷史的靈谷(gu)公園(yuan)無梁殿內,展(zhan)出辛亥(hai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命前(qian)后(hou)57位名(ming)人蠟像。這些蠟像組成22組場景,形象生動(dong)地反映了(le)辛亥(hai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命前(qian)后(hou)重大歷史事件,展(zhan)現了(le)辛亥(hai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命的歷史風貌(mao)。蠟像按(an)真人大小(xiao)1:1制作,造型準確,形態逼真。
孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)在(zai)史(shi)(shi)料陳(chen)列、文(wen)史(shi)(shi)研究和館(guan)(guan)際交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)等方面(mian)取得(de)了(le)不少的成(cheng)績,先后出版了(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)陵(ling)(ling)檔案史(shi)(shi)料選編》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)陵(ling)(ling)園史(shi)(shi)話》、《民國名(ming)人與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)陵(ling)(ling)》、《孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)手書碑刻》、《吳敬恒碑刻》等,并刊(kan)出《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)陵(ling)(ling)文(wen)史(shi)(shi)信息(xi)》與各地同行交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)與海內(nei)外孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)、宋慶(qing)齡紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念地建立了(le)廣泛交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和合作關(guan)系,每年都要(yao)舉辦(ban)大型(xing)聯誼活動(dong)并進行學術交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),還(huan)與臺灣國父紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)、日本(ben)神戶(hu)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)建立了(le)聯系和交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)陵(ling)(ling)園景色(se)較佳處之一(yi),鶯飛草長的江南三月,梅花(hua)、杏花(hua)、桃(tao)花(hua)、茶花(hua)次第(di)開放,這(zhe)里花(hua)團錦(jin)簇,暗香(xiang)浮動(dong),美不勝收;七月流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)火,這(zhe)里濃蔭匝地,溪水潺(chan)潺(chan),悠(you)長的蟬鳴伴著徐徐清風(feng)給人們(men)(men)帶來無與倫比的愜意;到了(le)桂(gui)子飄(piao)香(xiang)的金秋,坐落在(zai)萬株(zhu)桂(gui)園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)香(xiang)氣襲人,使(shi)人們(men)(men)久(jiu)久(jiu)徜徉,不忍離去,更有(you)那深秋,似火的楓林(lin),頓使(shi)您吟(yin)出“停車坐愛楓林(lin)晚,霜葉(xie)紅于二月花(hua)”的佳句;而(er)瑞(rui)雪(xue)后的孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan),白雪(xue)皚皚,銀裝素裹,則令游人更有(you)一(yi)番情趣。
公交(jiao)9路、游(you)1路、游(you)2、游(you)3路可到達(da)。中山陵園內有旅(lv)游(you)小火(huo)車可以到達(da),或可以租用陵園內的8-10座的電瓶車。
抗戰(zhan)(zhan)勝利后(hou)(hou)(hou),當時的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)父陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園管(guan)理(li)委員會曾(ceng)打算(suan)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)這(zhe)(zhe)座(zuo)宮(gong)(gong)殿建筑,還把藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)樓(lou)(lou)列(lie)入應修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)六項工(gong)程(cheng)之一(yi),但由于國(guo)民黨在內戰(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)迅速潰(kui)敗,國(guo)父陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園僅(jin)對主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)作(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)些小的(de)(de)(de)(de)維修(xiu)(xiu)。新中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)成立(li)后(hou)(hou)(hou),南(nan)京市人(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)曾(ceng)于1955年(nian)撥(bo)款(kuan)對主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)加以(yi)維修(xiu)(xiu),一(yi)度(du)辟(pi)為(wei)(wei)江(jiang)蘇省國(guo)畫院,當時,一(yi)些書畫名家曾(ceng)來(lai)此作(zuo)畫。“文革”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),這(zhe)(zhe)座(zuo)隱蔽于密林中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)殿建筑也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)逃過劫(jie)難,再次(ci)遭到人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞(huai)。碑廊殘存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碑文竟被全部(bu)鑿毀(hui)。十年(nian)浩劫(jie)過去,黨和政(zheng)府(fu)對藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)給予高度(du)重視,省、市領導人(ren)(ren)多次(ci)親(qin)臨藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)樓(lou)(lou)指(zhi)導修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)工(gong)作(zuo),解決具體問題(ti)。從1982年(nian)到1989年(nian),國(guo)家和地方(fang)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)撥(bo)款(kuan)200多萬元修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)了(le)(le)(le)主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou),重建了(le)(le)(le)碑廊和僧房(fang)。1985年(nian)3月12日(ri),藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)樓(lou)(lou)主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),辟(pi)為(wei)(wei)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)對外試行(xing)(xing)(xing)開放(fang)。隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)(hou),經(jing)(jing)(jing)過兩年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準備,1989年(nian)6月1日(ri),孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)奉安中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)60周(zhou)(zhou)年(nian)之際,孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)正式(shi)對外開放(fang)。1989年(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園管(guan)理(li)局又撥(bo)款(kuan)200萬元,對紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陳列(lie)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)全面(mian)改造,整修(xiu)(xiu)一(yi)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)不僅(jin)充實(shi)了(le)(le)(le)內容,外觀也(ye)變得更為(wei)(wei)絢麗多姿(zi)。抗戰(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)(qian),南(nan)京民眾出于對孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)崇(chong)敬,曾(ceng)要(yao)求(qiu)在南(nan)京的(de)(de)(de)(de)市中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心新街口(kou)廣場(chang)上(shang)(shang)豎一(yi)尊(zun)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)銅像(xiang)。當時的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)京市政(zheng)府(fu)也(ye)曾(ceng)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)另鑄一(yi)尊(zun),后(hou)(hou)(hou)來(lai)因為(wei)(wei)抗戰(zhan)(zhan)爆發,這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)未能實(shi)現。1942年(nian)11月,孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)誕辰72周(zhou)(zhou)年(nian)前(qian)(qian)夕,汪精衛(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)籠(long)絡民心,粉(fen)飾(shi)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)賣(mai)國(guo)罪(zui)行(xing)(xing)(xing),將中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央軍校內的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)尊(zun)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)銅像(xiang)移到新街口(kou)廣場(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,從此,這(zhe)(zhe)尊(zun)銅像(xiang)在新街口(kou)廣場(chang)度(du)過24個春(chun)秋。1966年(nian)“文革”期間,一(yi)些無(wu)知的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅衛(wei)(wei)兵竟要(yao)砸毀(hui)新街口(kou)廣場(chang)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)銅像(xiang)。南(nan)京市委根據周(zhou)(zhou)總理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示(shi),把銅像(xiang)運(yun)到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)保存(cun)。1968年(nian)6月,又移到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)廣場(chang)南(nan)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)孝經(jing)(jing)(jing)鼎石座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)。
孫中山紀念館
孫中山紀念館
1985年(nian)(nian)3月12日是(shi)(shi)孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)生逝(shi)世60周年(nian)(nian)紀念日,修(xiu)葺一新的(de)(de)(de)藏(zang)經樓(lou)已決定(ding)辟為(wei)孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)紀念館。主樓(lou)外觀(guan)為(wei)三層(ceng),實(shi)際中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)還有一層(ceng)夾層(ceng)。底(di)層(ceng)為(wei)大(da)(da)廳(ting)(ting),大(da)(da)廳(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)矗立一座(zuo)(zuo)孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)生半身(shen)銅像(xiang),神態逼真。這尊孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)銅像(xiang)是(shi)(shi)由著名雕塑(su)家戴廣文創(chuang)作(zuo),南(nan)京晨光(guang)集團公司(si)鑄造。大(da)(da)廳(ting)(ting)正(zheng)面壁上(shang)是(shi)(shi)陰刻的(de)(de)(de)胡漢民手書(shu)《總理遺(yi)囑》巨(ju)幅(fu)匾(bian)額,兩側對聯是(shi)(shi)孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)手書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)“人(ren)類進(jin)化,世界大(da)(da)同”,藍(lan)(lan)底(di)金字(zi),隸書(shu)陰刻。大(da)(da)廳(ting)(ting)四(si)壁嵌掛(gua)著反(fan)(fan)映孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)從事(shi)革命(ming)活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)“出國(guo)(guo)宣傳”、“商討革命(ming)”、“振(zhen)聾發(fa)聵”、“討袁護國(guo)(guo)”四(si)幅(fu)大(da)(da)型木(mu)刻浮(fu)雕,每(mei)幅(fu)浮(fu)雕高2.5米(mi),寬(kuan)2米(mi)。浮(fu)雕人(ren)物(wu)呈象牙白色,底(di)色為(wei)木(mu)質(zhi)本(ben)色,整個(ge)畫面在質(zhi)樸中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)透出歷(li)史(shi)氣勢(shi),輝映著大(da)(da)廳(ting)(ting)莊嚴、肅穆的(de)(de)(de)氣氛。二(er)樓(lou)是(shi)(shi)一座(zuo)(zuo)走(zou)馬樓(lou),四(si)周有回廊,可憑欄俯視底(di)層(ceng)大(da)(da)廳(ting)(ting)。回廊北(bei)壁為(wei)長12米(mi)、高1.8米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)型木(mu)匾(bian),鐫刻孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)生-T--書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)《建(jian)國(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)綱》全文,這是(shi)(shi)孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)生對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)革命(ming)和(he)建(jian)設(she)畢生實(shi)踐經驗的(de)(de)(de)總結。木(mu)匾(bian)底(di)色為(wei)寶藍(lan)(lan)色,金字(zi)陰刻。另三面壁上(shang)懸掛(gua)反(fan)(fan)映孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)革命(ming)生涯的(de)(de)(de)ll幅(fu)油(you)畫。這些油(you)畫,以(yi)孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)領(ling)導和(he)發(fa)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)民主革命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)為(wei)主線,選擇(ze)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)事(shi)件,刻畫了光(guang)耀(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華的(de)(de)(de)杰出歷(li)史(shi)人(ren)物(wu),反(fan)(fan)映了風(feng)起云涌的(de)(de)(de)群眾革命(ming)運動(dong),給觀(guan)眾以(yi)深(shen)刻的(de)(de)(de)啟示和(he)教育。 十年(nian)(nian)動(dong)亂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),三民主義碑廊的(de)(de)(de)碑文遭到人(ren)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)破壞(huai)。1986年(nian)(nian)11月,經中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)文物(wu)局批準修(xiu)復碑廊,由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)財政部(bu)撥(bo)款,省(sheng)市各方面專(zhuan)家共同研究修(xiu)復方案(an),根據(ju)南(nan)京市檔案(an)局所保(bao)存的(de)(de)(de)碑刻原文及(ji)拓本(ben),逐一按原樣重(zhong)(zhong)刻。到1989年(nian)(nian)3月12日孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)逝(shi)世64周年(nian)(nian)前夕全部(bu)竣(jun)工,1991年(nian)(nian)并進(jin)一步將(jiang)全部(bu)碑刻鑲配(pei)玻璃框,加(jia)以(yi)妥善(shan)保(bao)護。
孝經鼎
孝經鼎(ding)位(wei)于中山(shan)陵廣場南端的(de)正中,是(shi)由戴季(ji)(ji)陶和中山(shan)大學師(shi)生捐建的(de)。因為(wei)鼎(ding)內有(you)六角形銅碑,上刻戴季(ji)(ji)陶母親黃氏所書寫的(de)《孝經》全文,所以稱為(wei)孝經鼎(ding)。
孝經鼎由(you)張鏞(yong)森設(she)計,金陵兵工廠(今南京晨光集團公司(si))于1932年鑄(zhu)造,造價1.3萬元。高約(yue)4.25米(mi),腹徑1.21米(mi),重約(yue)1萬斤。銅鼎外觀(guan)為圓形,三(san)(san)足二耳(er),由(you)三(san)(san)節構(gou)成,可以拆卸開(kai)來。鼎壁的(de)一(yi)面鑄(zhu)有“智、仁、勇”三(san)(san)字,這是孫中山對革命軍人的(de)要(yao)求,他(ta)要(yao)求革命軍人必須(xu)區別于一(yi)切為軍閥(fa)賣命的(de)舊(jiu)式軍人。
音樂臺
音樂(le)臺(tai)位于中(zhong)山陵(ling)以(yi)南,由(you)美國三(san)(san)藩市(shi)(舊(jiu)金山)華僑(qiao)與遼寧(ning)省(sheng)政府捐款建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)。關(guan)頌聲(sheng)、楊廷(ting)寶設計,利源公司承建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。1932后秋天(tian)動工,次(ci)年夏天(tian)落成(cheng)。占地4200多平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),造(zao)(zao)價(jia)9.5萬元。音樂(le)臺(tai)的(de)全部建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑,以(yi)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土為材料。它的(de)平面為半圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),圓(yuan)心處(chu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)舞臺(tai),臺(tai)高(gao)3.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)背部建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)大壁(bi),以(yi)匯集音浪。照壁(bi)長(chang)22米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬13.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),用水泥假石鑲面。壁(bi)頂端雕回龍花紋(wen),回紋(wen)下(xia)有(you)(you)石獸頭三(san)(san)具,內導水管(guan),水由(you)獸石噴出(chu),成(cheng)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)射線,注入臺(tai)下(xia)池中(zhong),景象(xiang)十(shi)分動人。臺(tai)前邊緣有(you)(you)三(san)(san)層(ceng)波(bo)紋(wen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)層(ceng)梯。臺(tai)下(xia)緊圍前沿,有(you)(you)一汪月牙形(xing)(xing)(xing)蓮花池,池底(di)有(you)(you)伏泉,水甚清(qing)澈,終(zhong)年不涸。池前依坡就勢,修整(zheng)成(cheng)以(yi)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)為半徑的(de)半圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)盆(pen)狀大草(cao)坪(ping),放射形(xing)(xing)(xing)直道(dao)與半圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)圈道(dao)使之分割成(cheng)12塊(kuai)小扇形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)草(cao)坪(ping),作(zuo)為聽眾(zhong)席,可容納3000余名觀眾(zhong)。沿草(cao)坪(ping)外緣繞以(yi)鋼(gang)筋(jin)水泥回廊,廊長(chang)150米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬6米(mi)(mi)(mi),上架花棚(peng),紫(zi)藤攀緣,下(xia)置石凳,供游人坐憩。音樂(le)臺(tai)整(zheng)個建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑與周圍環境和諧統一,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑精美,是中(zhong)山陵(ling)重要(yao)的(de)紀念性建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑之一,現已成(cheng)為南京市(shi)普及高(gao)雅藝術(shu)的(de)首選陣地。
流徽榭
流徽榭建于中(zhong)山陵二道溝筑(zhu)壩蓄(xu)水(shui)的人工湖(hu)之(zhi)上,俗(su)稱中(zhong)山陵水(shui)榭。
這座優美的(de)亭子,是(shi)當時的(de)陵園工程師(shi)顧(gu)文鈺設計的(de),造價(jia)1.1萬元,由中央陸軍(jun)軍(jun)官學校捐建(jian),1932年(nian)冬天落成。
流徽榭長14米,寬10米,頂為卷棚式,蓋(gai)乳白色(se)(se)琉璃(li)瓦,紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)立(li)柱。全(quan)部(bu)建筑為鋼(gang)筋水(shui)泥(ni)鑄筑,十分堅固。亭(ting)的(de)四(si)周(zhou)圍有1米高的(de)欄桿(gan),游人(ren)(ren)可(ke)在此憑(ping)欄眺望紫金(jin)山(shan)(shan)的(de)湖光(guang)山(shan)(shan)色(se)(se)。亭(ting)內地(di)面(mian)鑲有八(ba)角形(xing)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)小(xiao)磁磚,亭(ting)中設(she)有水(shui)泥(ni)座欄,供游人(ren)(ren)坐憩。整個亭(ting)子三面(mian)環(huan)水(shui),只有南面(mian)有石(shi)階(jie)與駁(bo)岸相接。流徽榭是紫金(jin)山(shan)(shan)下一處風光(guang)綺麗的(de)景點(dian),這里山(shan)(shan)青水(shui)秀,湖平如鏡,乳白色(se)(se)的(de)水(shui)榭倒(dao)映入湖,襯(chen)以(yi)綠(lv)樹藍天,構成一幅(fu)夢(meng)幻般的(de)畫面(mian),沁人(ren)(ren)心脾,是游人(ren)(ren)攝影(ying)、作畫的(de)理想之所。
“流徽榭”三字楷書匾額,由黃埔(pu)軍校(xiao)第(di)一期學生徐(xu)向前(qian)元帥(shuai)題(ti)寫(xie)。
光化亭
光(guang)化亭(ting)坐(zuo)落于中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)陵(ling)(ling)陵(ling)(ling)墓廣場(chang)東側的(de)(de)小山(shan)(shan)丘之頂,是(shi)一座由海外廣大(da)(da)華僑為紀念孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)先生捐款所建(jian)的(de)(de)石(shi)亭(ting),是(shi)陵(ling)(ling)園眾多紀念性(xing)建(jian)筑(zhu)較(jiao)為精美的(de)(de)。它通(tong)體灰白,高雅莊重。光(guang)化亭(ting)為八(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),高12.2米。亭(ting)下兩(liang)層(ceng)平臺,下層(ceng)平臺基邊長22米,上層(ceng)平臺,對邊距12.6米。亭(ting)有圓形(xing)(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)12根(gen)(gen),外圈(quan)8根(gen)(gen),內(nei)圈(quan)4根(gen)(gen),內(nei)圈(quan)沿柱(zhu)(zhu)設有石(shi)凳。光(guang)化亭(ting)由建(jian)筑(zhu)學家劉敦楨設計,全部用巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)福(fu)建(jian)花崗石(shi)建(jian)造(zao),福(fu)建(jian)著名雕刻鋪蔣源(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)廠承建(jian)。850噸石(shi)料經(jing)過(guo)石(shi)匠們的(de)(de)精心雕鑿(zao),不施一根(gen)(gen)鐵釘、一塊木片,將屋(wu)脊、屋(wu)面、檐(yan)椽、斗拱、梁柱(zhu)(zhu)、雀替、藻井等裝飾部件(jian),巧妙組合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)這座中(zhong)(zhong)國傳統(tong)的(de)(de)八(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)石(shi)亭(ting)。
行健亭
行健(jian)亭是陵園一(yi)座紀念性建(jian)筑,由(you)廣州市政(zheng)府捐款所建(jian),著名建(jian)筑師趙深設計,王(wang)競記營(ying)造(zao)廠承(cheng)建(jian),1933年夏落成。
行健亭(ting)(ting)為(wei)方形(xing),邊(bian)長為(wei)9.3米(mi),高(gao)12米(mi),重檐(yan)攢尖頂。亭(ting)(ting)的(de)每(mei)個角(jiao)有(you)4根(gen)支柱(zhu)(zhu),4個角(jiao)共16根(gen)柱(zhu)(zhu),均(jun)(jun)飾(shi)以(yi)紅漆。行健亭(ting)(ting)為(wei)鋼筋水泥(ni)構(gou)筑(zhu),外形(xing)美觀,堅固實(shi)用(yong)。亭(ting)(ting)內橫梁、額枋、藻井、雀(que)替都飾(shi)以(yi)彩繪,兩重亭(ting)(ting)頂均(jun)(jun)覆以(yi)藍色(se)琉璃瓦。在萬綠叢中的(de)行健亭(ting)(ting),恰如一枚彩色(se)斑(ban)斕(lan)的(de)明(ming)珠,光彩熠熠,生輝不已。
行(xing)(xing)健亭四(si)周,設(she)有(you)水(shui)泥欄桿(gan),高(gao)40厘米,可供游人(ren)(ren)坐(zuo)憩。這里是中山陵(ling)(ling)陵(ling)(ling)墓大(da)道與明(ming)(ming)陵(ling)(ling)路(lu)相接之處。凡到(dao)此的游人(ren)(ren),無論(lun)是到(dao)中山陵(ling)(ling),或是前往(wang)明(ming)(ming)孝陵(ling)(ling),都已是頗(po)感勞累(lei),亟(ji)思(si)覓一坐(zuo)處暫憩片刻(ke)了(le)。見(jian)了(le)此亭,自(zi)然進(jin)來略坐(zuo)片時,消除(chu)疲乏。古人(ren)(ren)云:“天行(xing)(xing)健,君(jun)子自(zi)強(qiang)不息。” 行(xing)(xing)健亭以此命名(ming),是較好不過的了(le)。