定(ding)安黑豬(zhu)是海(hai)南省老牌地(di)方優良品種(zhong),是引(yin)進美國杜(du)洛克公豬(zhu)與定(ding)安本地(di)母豬(zhu)雜交培育出來的,具有繁(fan)殖力強(qiang)、適應性強(qiang)、抗(kang)病力強(qiang)、早熟、耐(nai)粗飼、肉(rou)質好等(deng)優點。主要產(chan)于(yu)海(hai)南省定(ding)安縣(xian)雷鳴、龍(long)門、龍(long)河(he)等(deng)鎮,分布全縣(xian)各(ge)地(di)。
頭大小適中,全(quan)身(shen)被毛黑(hei)色,兩耳向前上(shang)方直立或(huo)平伸,面微凹,額較寬(kuan),背(bei)肩結合良(liang)好(hao)。背(bei)腰寬(kuan)平直或(huo)微拱,以雙脊為主,偶見單(dan)脊,腹(fu)小。四(si)肢健壯(zhuang),腿(tui)臀較豐滿,體質結實,結構勻稱。
具(ju)有耐粗(cu)飼,抗逆性強、生長快、肉(rou)質鮮美的特(te)點,且由于(yu)全身皮(pi)毛呈黑(hei)色(se)而被人們稱之(zhi)“定安黑(hei)豬”,自(zi)問世以來,深受飼養者(zhe)和消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)的青睞。
外銷省內第一
據定(ding)安(an)縣(xian)畜(chu)牧獸(shou)醫局介紹,近年來,定(ding)安(an)縣(xian)將做(zuo)強做(zuo)大定(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)業(ye)做(zuo)為(wei)農業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)結構調整,發(fa)(fa)(fa)展地方特色(se)產(chan)業(ye),增加農民(min)收入的重要工作內(nei)容,并制定(ding)了一系列措施扶(fu)持(chi)定(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養業(ye)的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展,使定(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養業(ye)不斷壯大,年均以二位數增長,全縣(xian)覆蓋率達100%。全縣(xian)存欄母豬(zhu)(zhu)42452頭(tou),年出欄仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)75萬頭(tou)以上(shang),其中本縣(xian)飼(si)養出欄肉(rou)豬(zhu)(zhu)30多(duo)(duo)萬頭(tou),外銷(xiao)(xiao)仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)40萬多(duo)(duo)頭(tou),外銷(xiao)(xiao)肉(rou)豬(zhu)(zhu)18萬頭(tou)以上(shang),成為(wei)了定(ding)安(an)縣(xian)是海南省(sheng)唯一的國家級(ji)綠色(se)農產(chan)品示(shi)(shi)范(fan)基地縣(xian),同(tong)時又是海南省(sheng)無規(gui)定(ding)動(dong)物疫病示(shi)(shi)范(fan)區(qu)先進縣(xian),2006年7月,海南省(sheng)農副(fu)產(chan)品加工業(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)也(ye)在該(gai)縣(xian)塔嶺工業(ye)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)揭牌成立,2007年再(zai)次批準為(wei)全國農業(ye)標準化生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養示(shi)(shi)范(fan)區(qu)。
2004年(nian)海(hai)(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)廳(ting)將定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入(ru)無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)示范(fan)建(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu),2005年(nian)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標準(zhun)化(hua)委員會(hui)將定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入(ru)農(nong)業(ye)標準(zhun)化(hua)示范(fan)項(xiang)目(mu)。2005年(nian),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)通過(guo)海(hai)(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)廳(ting)無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)地(di)認定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),2006年(nian),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)通過(guo)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)農(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質量安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全中心無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品認證(zheng),并正(zheng)式確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)“定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)”這一商品名稱。2006年(nian),為了規范(fan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)標準(zhun)化(hua)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang),提高(gao)與保證(zheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)品質,加快定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)式向養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖小區飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)專業(ye)化(hua)標準(zhun)化(hua)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)轉變,根據《中華人民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)標準(zhun)化(hua)法(fa)》、《地(di)方(fang)標準(zhun)管理(li)辦法(fa)》的(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)縣人民政府組織編制并由海(hai)(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)質量技術監督局主持審定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)通過(guo)《定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)技術規程(cheng)》海(hai)(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)地(di)方(fang)標準(zhun)并于2007年(nian)公(gong)(gong)布實施。
數(shu)據顯示,2008年(nian),定安縣共(gong)有年(nian)出(chu)欄一萬頭(tou)(tou)的(de)豬場1家(jia),年(nian)出(chu)欄4000頭(tou)(tou)的(de)1家(jia),年(nian)出(chu)欄500—1000頭(tou)(tou)的(de)有23家(jia),年(nian)出(chu)欄50頭(tou)(tou)以(yi)上的(de)專業戶(hu)有76戶(hu),各種飼養(yang)方式大(da)多采用(yong)(yong)自繁自養(yang),有利于疫病(bing)防治,依照《定安黑(hei)豬飼養(yang)管(guan)理技(ji)術規程(cheng)》嚴格飼養(yang)管(guan)理。飼料(liao)以(yi)玉米、稻谷(gu)、番薯(shu)、木薯(shu)、豆粕、番薯(shu)葉等為主,堅決杜(du)絕使用(yong)(yong)禁用(yong)(yong)獸(shou)藥(yao)和添加劑,并限(xian)制使用(yong)(yong)限(xian)用(yong)(yong)獸(shou)藥(yao)
“每頭黑豬(zhu)都必須經過嚴格(ge)檢疫(yi)(yi),合(he)格(ge)者才能出(chu)欄(lan)銷售。”定安縣(xian)畜牧獸醫局(ju)有個負責人告(gao)訴(su)記者,該局(ju)每年春秋兩季依法開(kai)展免疫(yi)(yi)預防(fang)注射,結合(he)基礎免疫(yi)(yi)和市(shi)場免疫(yi)(yi),確保無重大(da)豬(zhu)疫(yi)(yi)病發生;同時定期(qi)抽樣進行獸藥添加和殘留檢驗,嚴格(ge)控制(zhi)獸藥規范(fan)使用。
此外,定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)縣政(zheng)府高度(du)注(zhu)重視科學養(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),切實(shi)加大科技投入,一(yi)是(shi)切實(shi)抓(zhua)好定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母本(ben)選育,大力(li)扶(fu)持建立了(le)(le)跨(kua)越三個鄉(xiang)鎮的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)本(ben)地豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)原種保(bao)護和繁殖基地,有(you)效保(bao)護了(le)(le)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)本(ben)地豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)良性(xing)能和品質,為定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生產(chan)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)優(you)良的(de)(de)(de)母本(ben)。二是(shi)嚴格選擇優(you)質杜洛克公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),切實(shi)保(bao)證雜(za)交定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)品質。三是(shi)每(mei)年(nian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)時在各(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮舉辦培訓班,由有(you)關專家傳授豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人工授精技術(shu)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)管(guan)理(li)技術(shu)、疫(yi)(yi)病防治技術(shu),以提(ti)高飼(si)養(yang)戶的(de)(de)(de)飼(si)養(yang)管(guan)理(li)水平(ping)。四是(shi)每(mei)年(nian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)時開展動(dong)物疫(yi)(yi)病監(jian)(jian)測(ce),對重大動(dong)物疫(yi)(yi)病豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)瘟、口蹄疫(yi)(yi)等進行監(jian)(jian)測(ce)。同時大力(li)引導和協調農(nong)戶開展定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準化(hua)飼(si)養(yang),建立產(chan)、供(gong)、銷一(yi)條龍服務體系。
而市場對于品質(zhi)上(shang)乘的定(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)也給(gei)予了(le)很好的回報,自進入海(hai)口家樂福(fu)超市銷售以來,定(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)一直處于供(gong)不應求狀態(tai)。幾乎每天都有來自海(hai)口、三亞、瓊海(hai)、文昌等地(di)豬(zhu)販子到該縣收(shou)購,有時(shi)還出現了(le)搶購現象。端午(wu)節期間,定(ding)安共接到黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)肉粽子訂單10萬多個。
定安縣有關(guan)部門(men)正在(zai)和北京(jing)、廣(guang)(guang)州、香港等(deng)地的(de)客商(shang)談定安黑豬的(de)進一步開發和外銷(xiao)業務,力(li)爭把定安黑豬這一具有鮮明海南生態特色的(de)、優(you)質安全的(de)產品推向國內國際(ji)更廣(guang)(guang)闊的(de)市場。