一.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、位置(zhi)氣(qi)候：靈(ling)武市深居內陸(lu)腹地，位于寧夏平(ping)原(yuan)中部，北緯38°，海拔1250米。是(shi)盛(sheng)產優質水(shui)果(guo)的“黃金緯度”。屬(shu)于典型的大陸(lu)性季風氣(qi)候，其特點為：春遲秋(qiu)早，四季分明、日照(zhao)充足、熱量豐(feng)富(fu)、蒸發強烈、氣(qi)候干燥、晴(qing)天多、雨雷少，全年(nian)日照(zhao)時數3080.2小時，平(ping)均無霜期157天，植物生長期持續170天，年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫8.8℃，年(nian)均降水(shui)量206.2～255.2mm。

2、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水文：靈武長棗(zao)種植區地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)可分為(wei)西部引黃灌溉(gai)平原區和東部毛烏素沙(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)丘陵區，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)或易耕荒地(di)(di)(di)(di)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)偏沙(sha)(sha)，通透性和耕性較(jiao)好。pH值(zhi)7.5～8.5，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水位1.5m以(yi)下，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)全鹽含(han)量低(di)于1.0‰，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量中等(deng)。靈武市得(de)天獨厚(hou)的自然條件(jian)(jian)與(yu)引黃河水灌溉(gai)便利條件(jian)(jian)造就了靈武長棗(zao)獨一無二的地(di)(di)(di)(di)方特(te)有(you)(you)品質(zhi)。

二.地域范圍

靈(ling)武長(chang)棗農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標志地域保護范圍(wei)為：靈(ling)武市現轄(xia)行政區域，包括臨河鎮(zhen)、東塔鎮(zhen)、郝家(jia)橋(qiao)鎮(zhen)、崇興(xing)鎮(zhen)、馬家(jia)灘鎮(zhen)、梧(wu)桐樹鄉、白土崗(gang)鄉，靈(ling)武園藝試(shi)驗場(chang)(chang)、大泉林(lin)場(chang)(chang)、北(bei)沙窩林(lin)場(chang)(chang)、白芨(ji)灘林(lin)場(chang)(chang)、靈(ling)武農場(chang)(chang)。地處東徑106°11′～105°52′，北(bei)緯37°35′～38°21′之間，南北(bei)長(chang)98公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，東西寬54公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，市域總(zong)面(mian)積4010平(ping)方千米，種植面(mian)積9467公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，年產(chan)量16000t。

三.產品品質特性特征

1、外在(zai)感官特征：靈(ling)武長棗為鮮(xian)食品種，果(guo)實(shi)呈長橢圓(yuan)形或圓(yuan)柱形、略扁，梗洼(wa)深廣(guang)，果(guo)肩平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)；果(guo)皮紫(zi)紅色(se)，完(wan)熟果(guo)面(mian)帶紫(zi)斑；果(guo)皮薄(bo)，果(guo)肉(rou)綠白色(se)，質地質密酥(su)脆(cui)，汁液多，酸甜適口。縱徑(jing)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)在(zai)4cm左右(you)(you)，最大達6cm，橫徑(jing)（寬面(mian)）2.5cm左右(you)(you)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)單果(guo)重(zhong)12g左右(you)(you)。

2、衛(wei)(wei)生指標(biao)：靈武長棗果實衛(wei)(wei)生指標(biao)應符合GB14891.5-1997《輻照新鮮水(shui)果、蔬(shu)菜類衛(wei)(wei)生標(biao)準》中3.4的(de)規定。

3、檢驗規(gui)則：按DB64/T419《鮮靈武長棗(zao)》執行。

四.特定生產方式

1、產(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與特殊內容規(gui)定：生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地(di)域內無工業和城市(shi)污(wu)染源，種植(zhi)區選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)離工礦區和公(gong)路鐵路干(gan)線，生(sheng)態條件良好(hao)的地(di)區。土質(zhi)以壤(rang)土、沙(sha)壤(rang)土、礫質(zhi)壤(rang)土、沙(sha)土為主，要求土層(ceng)深厚，灌(guan)、排(pai)水(shui)條件良好(hao)。

2、品(pin)種選擇(ze)與特(te)定(ding)要(yao)求：選用優質、高(gao)產、抗病、抗逆性強(qiang)、商(shang)品(pin)性好、本(ben)地長期種植的靈武(wu)長棗1號(hao)、2號(hao)優系品(pin)種。

3、栽培管理：

①苗(miao)(miao)木：采用根蘗苗(miao)(miao)和嫁接苗(miao)(miao)，育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)按DB64/T417《靈武(wu)長棗苗(miao)(miao)木繁育(yu)技術規程》執行。

②建園：選擇土層深厚、土壤(rang)(rang)肥沃，排灌、交通條件便利的(de)地(di)塊。以地(di)下水位1.5m以下、熟土層30cm以上、PH值7.5～8.5，有機質(zhi)含量較高的(de)沙壤(rang)(rang)土或輕壤(rang)(rang)土為宜。

③栽植：南北行向種植，株(zhu)行距3m×4m、2m×3m，栽植密(mi)度每公頃825株(zhu)～1650株(zhu)。定(ding)植前一年(nian)大(da)(da)穴培肥(fei)，樹(shu)穴長、寬、高80cm×80cm×80cm，株(zhu)施(shi)腐熟(shu)農家(jia)肥(fei)25kg加磷酸二銨或復合肥(fei)0.5kg。定(ding)干(gan)50cm～70cm，漆封剪(jian)口，樹(shu)盤覆膜。大(da)(da)田(tian)種植按(an)DB64/T418《靈武長棗栽培技術規(gui)程》執行，設施(shi)種植按(an)DB64/T530《靈武長棗日光(guang)溫室促(cu)成栽培技術規(gui)程》執行。

④整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)：采(cai)(cai)用(yong)紡錘形(xing)樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)。春(chun)(chun)季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)時間(jian)：3月至(zhi)4月上(shang)(shang)旬。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)法：短(duan)截(jie)、疏(shu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、刻芽(ya)(ya)。夏季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)時間(jian)：整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)法：抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、拿(na)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、摘心(xin)、拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。具(ju)體方(fang)(fang)法按(an)DB/T418《靈武(wu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棗栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)技術規(gui)程》執(zhi)行(xing)。定(ding)植當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)：8月之(zhi)前(qian)，30cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)棗頭(tou)全部(bu)摘心(xin)。幼樹(shu)(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)（1-3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)迅速(su)擴冠為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，強(qiang)調扶壯(zhuang)中(zhong)心(xin)干(gan)。選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)強(qiang)壯(zhuang)的(de)中(zhong)桿，保證中(zhong)桿的(de)絕(jue)對優勢(shi)(shi)，在其40cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)短(duan)截(jie)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1～2節培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，輔之(zhi)抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3～4個(ge)骨干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距15cm～20cm，螺旋(xuan)排(pai)列，每主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)7～15個(ge)永久性(xing)(xing)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)根據長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)勢(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)不做延長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)。底層(ceng)3個(ge)左(zuo)右(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)(wei)臨時性(xing)(xing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)，后(hou)期(qi)隨著枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)增加，逐步清(qing)(qing)除底層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提高(gao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)法以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)短(duan)截(jie)、抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、摘心(xin)、開(kai)(kai)角為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。開(kai)(kai)角：以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)、秋拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，結合夏季拿(na)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，角度(du)(du)70°～90°；摘心(xin)：根據枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)勢(shi)(shi)決定(ding)摘心(xin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)，旺(wang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、弱短(duan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條木質化(hua)前(qian)結束摘心(xin)，一般留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)7～9個(ge)永久性(xing)(xing)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘心(xin)。初果期(qi)樹(shu)(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)（4-6年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)調整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)、增加產(chan)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。對未達(da)到主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數量(liang)要(yao)求的(de)，繼續培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)的(de)，逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)疏(shu)除過(guo)密或(huo)過(guo)低枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，短(duan)截(jie)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)輔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。下部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)在1.2m～1.9m，上(shang)(shang)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)9個(ge)～15個(ge)永久性(xing)(xing)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘心(xin)，一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)成(cheng)功(gong)，5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右(you)(you)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)法以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、開(kai)(kai)角為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。盛(sheng)果期(qi)樹(shu)(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)（7年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)老(lao)化(hua)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，優化(hua)結果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)。徹底清(qing)(qing)除底層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，將(jiang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)調整(zheng)(zheng)到80cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右(you)(you)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)老(lao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)，之(zhi)后(hou)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)2個(ge)左(zuo)右(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距調整(zheng)(zheng)到20cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，也可分層(ceng)排(pai)布，層(ceng)間(jian)距50cm左(zuo)右(you)(you)，樹(shu)(shu)高(gao)2.5m～3m。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)方(fang)(fang)法及要(yao)點：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)方(fang)(fang)法，一是對枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齡5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)質量(liang)較差的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)，如(ru)位置偏高(gao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)勢(shi)(shi)過(guo)旺(wang)、角度(du)(du)小(xiao)而不宜開(kai)(kai)張、二次(ci)(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗壯(zhuang)多次(ci)(ci)(ci)抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)樁(zhuang)等主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)一次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)疏(shu)除或(huo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)10cm短(duan)樁(zhuang)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)；二是對5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)質量(liang)較好(hao)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可采(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)基部(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)預備枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)方(fang)(fang)式進行(xing)逐步更(geng)新(xin)(xin)；三是利用(yong)棗樹(shu)(shu)春(chun)(chun)季前(qian)期(qi)抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)，選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)上(shang)(shang)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)棗頭(tou)，培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

⑤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管理(li)：均(jun)衡施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，前(qian)(qian)促后(hou)控(kong)。基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：秋季果實(shi)采(cai)收(shou)后(hou)至(zhi)灌冬(dong)水(shui)(shui)前(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)為(wei)主，混加(jia)少量(liang)的(de)氮(dan)素化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)每666.7平(ping)方(fang)米施(shi)(shi)3000kg～5000kg。溝施(shi)(shi)為(wei)主，施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠投(tou)影(ying)外20cm左右(you)處。溝施(shi)(shi)挖(wa)條溝或環狀溝，幼齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)環狀溝，成齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)條溝為(wei)主，溝深(shen)40cm～50cm，寬40cm，長(chang)隨樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠冠幅。將腐(fu)熟的(de)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或商品有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與陽土(tu)(tu)拌勻施(shi)(shi)入(ru)溝內，填平(ping)。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：每年(nian)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)，第一次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)萌芽至(zhi)開花(hua)前(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主；第二次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)果實(shi)膨大期(qi)(qi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)當地的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條件和(he)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)特點(dian)確定。株施(shi)(shi)0.25kg～0.75kg/次(ci)(ci)(ci)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法是在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠投(tou)影(ying)外圍挖(wa)穴(xue)(xue)或開溝，幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)挖(wa)穴(xue)(xue)，3～4個，結果樹(shu)(shu)(shu)開溝，溝深(shen)10cm～20cm，寬20cm，長(chang)度隨樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠冠幅。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)均(jun)勻撒入(ru)溝（穴(xue)(xue)）埋土(tu)(tu)，灌水(shui)(shui)。葉面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：全(quan)年(nian)4～5次(ci)(ci)(ci)，在(zai)生長(chang)前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主；后(hou)期(qi)(qi)2～3次(ci)(ci)(ci)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)及濃(nong)度：尿素0.3%～0.5%，磷(lin)酸二氫鉀0.2%～0.3%，硼(peng)砂0.1%～0.3%，沼液等。最后(hou)一次(ci)(ci)(ci)頁(ye)面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)距果實(shi)采(cai)收(shou)期(qi)(qi)20天以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。灌水(shui)(shui)：一般在(zai)萌芽前(qian)(qian)、花(hua)前(qian)(qian)、幼果膨大期(qi)(qi)、封凍(dong)前(qian)(qian)各灌水(shui)(shui)一次(ci)(ci)(ci)，其(qi)它，根(gen)據(ju)墑情確定灌水(shui)(shui)次(ci)(ci)(ci)數。提倡(chang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滴灌、小管出流(liu)等節(jie)水(shui)(shui)灌溉措施(shi)(shi)。

⑥花(hua)果管理：按DB64/T418《靈武長棗栽培技術規程》執行(xing)。盛花(hua)期(qi)噴布赤(chi)霉素控制在2次(ci)以內。

⑦病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治：實施(shi)無公害(hai)(hai)、綠色病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)控技(ji)術(shu)，堅持“預(yu)防(fang)為主，綜(zong)合防(fang)治”的原則，綜(zong)合運用各種防(fang)治措施(shi)，優先采用農業措施(shi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)治方(fang)法，配合施(shi)用高效、低(di)毒、低(di)殘(can)留的化學(xue)農藥，在(zai)化學(xue)防(fang)治上抓(zhua)棗樹休(xiu)眠期(qi)(qi)、蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)初期(qi)(qi)、蟲(chong)(chong)體裸露期(qi)(qi)、轉移為害(hai)(hai)期(qi)(qi)的防(fang)治，在(zai)大發生(sheng)(sheng)前3～5d提前防(fang)治，在(zai)一天中盡(jin)量選擇上午(wu)(wu)10h前和下午(wu)(wu)4h后噴藥。具體防(fang)治按DB64/T531《靈武(wu)長棗主要有(you)害(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)控技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)程》執(zhi)行。

4、產品(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲及產后處理(li)的規定：在(zai)(zai)農藥(yao)安全間(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)后適時，采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)所用工(gong)具要(yao)清(qing)潔、衛生、無污染。①果(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)：靈武長棗在(zai)(zai)脆熟(shu)期(qi)中后期(qi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時間(jian)9月下(xia)旬至10月上旬。鮮果(guo)貯藏(zang)1月以上，果(guo)面著色(se)70﹪～90﹪采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)，鮮食棗果(guo)全紅(hong)果(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時要(yao)戴柔(rou)(rou)質手套，采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)的盛具表面要(yao)柔(rou)(rou)軟。采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)時輕(qing)摘(zhai)輕(qing)放，防止一切人(ren)為或機械傷害，保證果(guo)實(shi)完整(zheng)無損傷。用于較長時間(jian)貯藏(zang)棗果(guo)，帶(dai)果(guo)柄采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)。

五.包裝標識相關規定

1、包(bao)裝：內包(bao)裝用符合食品衛生(sheng)要求的材(cai)料，與靈武(wu)長(chang)棗接觸(chu)不(bu)易產生(sheng)摩擦傷。外包(bao)裝用紙箱裝，包(bao)裝定(ding)量誤(wu)差應符合國家(jia)質量技術監督(du)檢驗總局(ju)令（2005）第75號。

2、運(yun)輸：長途運(yun)輸應(ying)采用冷(leng)藏(zang)車或冷(leng)藏(zang)集裝箱運(yun)輸，不得與有(you)毒有(you)害(hai)及有(you)異(yi)味的物品一起運(yun)輸。搬運(yun)時應(ying)輕拿輕放(fang)，不得拋摔。

3、貯存：貯存時應采用冷藏或氣調貯藏。不(bu)得與(yu)有(you)毒有(you)害及有(you)異味的物品共(gong)同存放(fang)(fang)。產(chan)品堆(dui)放(fang)(fang)應離地面(mian)20cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，離墻(qiang)10cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。具體按DB64/T419—2005《鮮靈武(wu)長棗》執行。