主要建筑
杭州鳳(feng)凰寺(si)與(yu)揚州仙鶴寺(si)、廣州懷圣寺(si)、泉州清凈寺(si)齊(qi)名,是一(yi)間(jian)結合中(zhong)國與(yu)阿拉伯文化(hua)特色與(yu)傳統建(jian)筑(zhu)風格的(de)禮拜寺(si),鳳(feng)凰寺(si)整體布局都依照伊斯蘭教義所建(jian),主要建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)向著(zhu)麥加(jia),布置在東西向的(de)中(zhong)軸上,大殿的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)風格帶有江南獨特的(de)秀氣與(yu)質樸,是鳳(feng)凰寺(si)中(zhong)最古老的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)。
寺(si)院用高大的(de)(de)磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)圍合,寺(si)內主要(yao)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)門廳、禮堂、大殿(dian)(dian)。大殿(dian)(dian)是(shi)全寺(si)的(de)(de)主體建(jian)筑,為(wei)(wei)元(yuan)代(dai)所建(jian),由三(san)個(ge)穹隆頂(ding)相連(lian)成長方形磚(zhuan)結(jie)構無梁(liang)殿(dian)(dian)頂(ding),外(wai)觀作成三(san)個(ge)攢尖(jian)頂(ding),中間為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐(yan)八角(jiao)(jiao),兩邊為(wei)(wei)單(dan)檐(yan)六角(jiao)(jiao),是(shi)中西建(jian)筑文化融合的(de)(de)產(chan)物(wu)(wu)。內部以圓拱門相通,內壁四隅上端轉角(jiao)(jiao)處作菱(ling)角(jiao)(jiao)牙子疊(die)澀(se)。殿(dian)(dian)內彩畫是(shi)明代(dai)遺物(wu)(wu),外(wai)墻(qiang)粉刷白色。寺(si)內碑(bei)廊中存古碑(bei)數通,碑(bei)文記錄了鳳凰寺(si)歷代(dai)維修(xiu)情況。
全寺面(mian)積約(yue)2600平方米,建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積2203平方米。現存(cun)(cun)大(da)殿(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3組(zu)并排的后(hou)窯殿(dian),據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)學家鑒別(bie),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)一組(zu)為(wei)(wei)宋時所建(jian),其余兩組(zu)為(wei)(wei)元代(dai)增建(jian),后(hou)由明(ming)(ming)代(dai)依原型重(zhong)修(xiu)。全用磚砌成,四壁上端(duan)轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處砌菱角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)牙子疊(die)澀收縮,上覆半球(qiu)形拱頂,不用梁架(jia),故稱“無梁殿(dian)”。殿(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)通面(mian)闊28.15米,以拱券門分隔成3大(da)間(jian)(jian),每間(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)半球(qiu)形穹(qiong)窿頂,穹(qiong)頂建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)3座中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)式攢尖頂,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)八角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)檐(yan),南北次間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)六(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)單檐(yan),筒瓦板(ban)垅,翼角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)起翹。殿(dian)內(nei)禮(li)拜朝向墻砌有(you)(you)(you)(you)凹壁,壁面(mian)裝有(you)(you)(you)(you)精湛的明(ming)(ming)代(dai)木(mu)雕(diao),鐫刻(ke)有(you)(you)(you)(you)書(shu)法精美的《古(gu)蘭(lan)經(jing)》文。朱漆貼(tie)金,富麗堂皇。殿(dian)后(hou)墻有(you)(you)(you)(you)青砂石制(zhi)“經(jing)香臺”4座,兩側為(wei)(wei)雕(diao)竹節望柱(zhu),束(shu)腰刻(ke)有(you)(you)(you)(you)花草,構圖洗煉,刀法遒(qiu)勁(jing),當是元代(dai)遺物。殿(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)木(mu)制(zhi)“經(jing)函”,雕(diao)刻(ke)阿拉伯文,工藝(yi)精致,可能是明(ming)(ming)景泰二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1451)重(zhong)修(xiu)時設置,是我國(guo)伊斯蘭(lan)教藝(yi)術(shu)珍品。進(jin)正門,穿門廳(ting),為(wei)(wei)1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)新建(jian)之禮(li)堂。寺北墻內(nei)建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)碑廊,存(cun)(cun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)阿拉伯文,波斯文碑石24塊,還存(cun)(cun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)永樂,弘治(zhi)(zhi)敕諭碑以及清順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)、康熙年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)重(zhong)修(xiu)寺碑記等文物。該寺建(jian)筑(zhu)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)伊斯蘭(lan)教與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)風格(ge)相結合的特點,是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)和阿拉伯文化(hua)交流(liu)的歷(li)史見證(zheng)。
文物價值
鳳凰(huang)寺(si)大殿殿內存有(you)以(yi)阿拉伯(bo)文(wen)(wen)書寫碑(bei)刻(ke)的阿老丁(ding)墓(mu)碑(bei),后壁下部三間內各有(you)伊斯蘭藝術的珍品,包括青砂石制(zhi)(zhi)“經香臺”、竹節望(wang)柱、束腰的刻(ke)花草及藏有(you)木制(zhi)(zhi)“經函”等等特色工藝品,殿頂(ding)上(shang)建有(you)三座(zuo)宋代八角形的遺物攢尖頂(ding),其(qi)中一座(zuo)上(shang)頭刻(ke)有(you)“可(ke)蘭經”文(wen)(wen),相傳是明(ming)景泰二年留下的文(wen)(wen)物,鳳凰(huang)寺(si)內的石刻(ke)經臺和柱礎石也經文(wen)(wen)物部門鑒定為宋代遺物,具有(you)深厚(hou)的歷史價值。
文物保護
市園文局將鳳(feng)凰(huang)寺保護(hu)(hu)列入文物保護(hu)(hu)計劃(hua),幫助市伊斯(si)(si)蘭教協(xie)會搞好規劃(hua)建設和保護(hu)(hu)工作。鳳(feng)凰(huang)寺主要作為杭(hang)州市的(de)一(yi)個(ge)文化旅游景點,除(chu)穆斯(si)(si)林重大節(jie)慶和接(jie)待國(guo)內外貴賓活動外,不再舉行日常(chang)宗教活動。
文物遺存
寺內珍藏著(zhu)不(bu)少文物和藝術品,主要有木制的(de)“經函(han)”和一些碑刻。
主要游覽項目
鳳凰(huang)寺占(zhan)地面積2600平方米,建(jian)筑包門廳、禮堂、禮拜殿等。其中禮拜殿是元(yuan)朝時代的無梁建(jian)筑。