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基本介紹

鳳(feng)(feng)凰山在(zai)杭州市主(zhu)城(cheng)區的西南面。主(zhu)峰(feng)海拔(ba)178米，北近西湖，南接江濱(bin)，形若(ruo)飛鳳(feng)(feng)，故名。隋唐在(zai)此(ci)肇建(jian)州治，五代吳越設為國都(dou)，筑(zhu)子城(cheng)。南宋建(jian)都(dou)，建(jian)為皇城(cheng)。方圓九里之(zhi)地，興(xing)建(jian)殿堂四、樓七(qi)、臺六、亭十九。還有(you)人(ren)工(gong)仿(fang)造的"小(xiao)西湖"，有(you)"六橋"、"飛來峰(feng)"等(deng)風景構(gou)筑(zhu)。南宋亡后，宮殿改(gai)作(zuo)寺(si)(si)院，元代火災，成為廢墟。現還有(you)報(bao)國寺(si)(si)、勝果寺(si)(si)、鳳(feng)(feng)凰池及郭(guo)公泉等(deng)殘跡。

鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)杭(hang)州(zhou)市(shi)的(de)(de)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)面。主峰海拔178米，北(bei)近(jin)西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)接(jie)江(jiang)(jiang)濱(bin)，形若飛鳳(feng)(feng)，故名。隋唐在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)肇建(jian)(jian)(jian)州(zhou)治(zhi)，五(wu)(wu)代(dai)(dai)吳越將杭(hang)州(zhou)設為(wei)國都，筑子城(cheng)(cheng)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋(song)宋(song)高宗(zong)趙構定(ding)都杭(hang)州(zhou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)宋(song)州(zhou)治(zhi)舊址(zhi)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)禁苑。以(yi)鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)為(wei)皇城(cheng)(cheng)。東(dong)起(qi)(qi)鳳(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)門，西(xi)(xi)至鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)麓，南(nan)(nan)(nan)起(qi)(qi)苕帚(zhou)灣，北(bei)至萬松嶺(ling)，方圓(yuan)(yuan)4.5公里(li)(li)。大(da)(da)(da)內(nei)(nei)(nei)有城(cheng)(cheng)門3座，南(nan)(nan)(nan)稱麗正，北(bei)為(wei)和寧(ning)，東(dong)曰東(dong)華。皇城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，宮(gong)殿巍峨林(lin)立，光(guang)耀奪目。有金鑾殿、垂拱(gong)殿、選德殿、福寧(ning)殿、勤政殿、復古殿等(deng)(deng)殿、堂、樓閣約130余(yu)(yu)座。“方圓(yuan)(yuan)九(jiu)里(li)(li)之地，興(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)殿堂四、樓七、臺六(liu)、亭十(shi)九(jiu)”，此(ci)外(wai)還有華美的(de)(de)御苑直至鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)巔。還有人(ren)工仿造的(de)(de)"小西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)"，有"六(liu)橋"、"飛來峰"等(deng)(deng)風景構筑。南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋(song)亡后(hou)(hou)(hou)，宮(gong)殿改作寺(si)院(yuan)。第二年，即元(yuan)至元(yuan)十(shi)四年(1277)因為(wei)民(min)(min)間(jian)失火延及(ji)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋(song)朝廷在(zai)(zai)(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)殿宇焚毀大(da)(da)(da)半。十(shi)年之后(hou)(hou)(hou)，楊璉真珈奏請元(yuan)廷，利用(yong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋(song)大(da)(da)(da)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑基(ji)座、殘余(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物和建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑材料在(zai)(zai)(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)上修筑了五(wu)(wu)座佛(fo)寺(si)，名曰“鎮(zhen)本”，以(yi)示壓(ya)鎮(zhen)江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)民(min)(min)之意(yi)。這五(wu)(wu)座寺(si)廟在(zai)(zai)(zai)元(yuan)代(dai)(dai)也先后(hou)(hou)(hou)湮滅，最后(hou)(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)元(yuan)末的(de)(de)戰爭中徹(che)底(di)毀損。宋(song)元(yuan)時代(dai)(dai)鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)，元(yuan)末張士(shi)誠新(xin)筑杭(hang)州(zhou)新(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)垣的(de)(de)時候將鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)攔在(zai)(zai)(zai)了城(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)。至明(ming)代(dai)(dai)成(cheng)為(wei)廢墟(xu)，到(dao)明(ming)末，鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)已經完(wan)全成(cheng)為(wei)一塊人(ren)跡(ji)罕(han)至的(de)(de)荒蕪之地。鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)緊鄰錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)，又是鳳(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)門的(de)(de)一個制高點。太(tai)平軍(jun)攻打(da)杭(hang)州(zhou)時，就搶占過這里(li)(li)作為(wei)重要的(de)(de)攻城(cheng)(cheng)基(ji)地。整(zheng)個鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)苑的(de)(de)殘址(zhi)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)起(qi)(qi)苕帚(zhou)灣，北(bei)到(dao)萬松嶺(ling)，東(dong)沿中河南(nan)(nan)(nan)端之西(xi)(xi)岸(an)，西(xi)(xi)達鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓，周長九(jiu)里(li)(li)。現還有報(bao)國寺(si)、勝果寺(si)、鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)池及(ji)郭公泉等(deng)(deng)殘跡(ji)。現遺址(zhi)上建(jian)(jian)(jian)有軍(jun)隊用(yong)房(fang)和杭(hang)州(zhou)卷煙廠等(deng)(deng)大(da)(da)(da)型建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑以(yi)及(ji)民(min)(min)房(fang)，國家文物部門正在(zai)(zai)(zai)進行考古發掘(jue)。鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)御苑內(nei)(nei)(nei)石刻、石景頗(po)多(duo)，規劃辟為(wei)"南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋(song)故宮(gong)遺址(zhi)公園"。