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基本介紹

鳳凰山在杭州(zhou)市主城(cheng)區的(de)西(xi)南面。主峰(feng)海拔178米，北(bei)近西(xi)湖(hu)，南接江濱，形若飛(fei)鳳，故名。隋唐在此(ci)肇建(jian)州(zhou)治，五(wu)代吳越(yue)設為(wei)國都，筑子城(cheng)。南宋建(jian)都，建(jian)為(wei)皇城(cheng)。方圓九(jiu)里(li)之(zhi)地，興建(jian)殿堂四(si)、樓(lou)七、臺六(liu)、亭十九(jiu)。還有人工(gong)仿造(zao)的(de)"小西(xi)湖(hu)"，有"六(liu)橋"、"飛(fei)來峰(feng)"等風景(jing)構筑。南宋亡后，宮殿改作寺(si)(si)院，元代火災(zai)，成為(wei)廢墟(xu)。現還有報(bao)國寺(si)(si)、勝果(guo)寺(si)(si)、鳳凰池(chi)及郭公泉等殘跡。

鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)市的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)面。主峰(feng)海拔178米(mi)，北(bei)(bei)近西湖，南(nan)(nan)接(jie)江濱，形(xing)若(ruo)飛(fei)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，故(gu)(gu)名(ming)。隋唐在(zai)此肇建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)州(zhou)(zhou)治，五代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)吳越將(jiang)杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)設(she)為(wei)國都(dou)，筑(zhu)(zhu)子城(cheng)(cheng)。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)宋(song)(song)高宗趙構(gou)(gou)定都(dou)杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)后(hou)，在(zai)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)州(zhou)(zhou)治舊(jiu)址(zhi)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)禁(jin)苑。以(yi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)皇(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)。東(dong)(dong)起鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門，西至鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西麓(lu)，南(nan)(nan)起苕帚(zhou)灣，北(bei)(bei)至萬松嶺(ling)(ling)，方(fang)圓(yuan)4.5公里。大(da)(da)內(nei)有(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)門3座(zuo)，南(nan)(nan)稱麗正(zheng)，北(bei)(bei)為(wei)和寧，東(dong)(dong)曰東(dong)(dong)華。皇(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)，宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)巍(wei)峨(e)林立(li)，光耀奪目。有(you)(you)金鑾殿(dian)(dian)、垂拱(gong)殿(dian)(dian)、選德殿(dian)(dian)、福寧殿(dian)(dian)、勤政殿(dian)(dian)、復(fu)古殿(dian)(dian)等殿(dian)(dian)、堂、樓(lou)閣約130余座(zuo)。“方(fang)圓(yuan)九里之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，興建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)殿(dian)(dian)堂四(si)、樓(lou)七、臺六、亭十九”，此外還(huan)(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)華美的(de)(de)御(yu)苑直至鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巔。還(huan)(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)人(ren)工(gong)仿造(zao)的(de)(de)"小西湖"，有(you)(you)"六橋"、"飛(fei)來峰(feng)"等風景構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)亡后(hou)，宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)改作寺(si)(si)院。第(di)二年(nian)，即(ji)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十四(si)年(nian)(1277)因為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)間失火延(yan)及(ji)，南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)朝廷(ting)在(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)宇(yu)焚毀大(da)(da)半。十年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，楊璉真(zhen)珈奏請元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廷(ting)，利用南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)大(da)(da)內(nei)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基座(zuo)、殘余建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)和建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材料(liao)在(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)修筑(zhu)(zhu)了五座(zuo)佛寺(si)(si)，名(ming)曰“鎮(zhen)本(ben)”，以(yi)示壓鎮(zhen)江南(nan)(nan)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。這五座(zuo)寺(si)(si)廟在(zai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)也先(xian)后(hou)湮滅，最后(hou)在(zai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)末的(de)(de)戰爭中(zhong)徹底毀損。宋(song)(song)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)時代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)的(de)(de)，元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)末張士誠(cheng)新(xin)筑(zhu)(zhu)杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)新(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)垣的(de)(de)時候將(jiang)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)攔(lan)在(zai)了城(cheng)(cheng)外。至明代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)成為(wei)廢(fei)墟，到明末，鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)已(yi)經完全成為(wei)一塊人(ren)跡罕(han)至的(de)(de)荒蕪(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)緊鄰錢塘(tang)江，又是鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門的(de)(de)一個制高點。太平軍攻打(da)杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)時，就搶占過這里作為(wei)重要的(de)(de)攻城(cheng)(cheng)基地(di)。整個鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)苑的(de)(de)殘址(zhi)，南(nan)(nan)起苕帚(zhou)灣，北(bei)(bei)到萬松嶺(ling)(ling)，東(dong)(dong)沿(yan)中(zhong)河南(nan)(nan)端之(zhi)(zhi)西岸，西達鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)麓(lu)，周長九里。現(xian)還(huan)(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)報國寺(si)(si)、勝果寺(si)(si)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)池(chi)及(ji)郭(guo)公泉等殘跡。現(xian)遺址(zhi)上(shang)(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)軍隊用房和杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)卷煙(yan)廠(chang)等大(da)(da)型建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)及(ji)民(min)(min)(min)房，國家文(wen)物(wu)(wu)部門正(zheng)在(zai)進(jin)行考古發掘。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)御(yu)苑內(nei)石刻、石景頗(po)多，規劃辟為(wei)"南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)故(gu)(gu)宮(gong)遺址(zhi)公園"。