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寺廟簡介

自靈(ling)隱寺(si)(si)(si)山(shan)門向南(nan)直上(shang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)白(bai)云峰北(bei)者，稱(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)稽留峰北(bei)者，稱(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)飛(fei)來峰之麓，稱(cheng)(cheng)下天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)。三(san)(san)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)皆以供奉(feng)觀世音菩薩(sa)為本。天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)歷史上(shang)是杭州的(de)佛(fo)(fo)國(guo)，天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)三(san)(san)寺(si)(si)(si)香火(huo)極盛。元天(tian)(tian)歷（1328-1330）間，中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)僧(seng)大忻博得元文宗(zong)圖貼睦(mu)爾(er)的(de)歡心。寺(si)(si)(si)名(ming)(ming)改(gai)(gai)(gai)為“天(tian)(tian)歷永(yong)祚禪(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)”，誰知(zhi)“永(yong)祚”不(bu)“永(yong)”，在(zai)(zai)(zai)元末的(de)戰(zhan)亂中(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)同(tong)樣沒有(you)躲過寺(si)(si)(si)毀(hui)僧(seng)散的(de)災難(nan)。中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)距上(shang)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)也約(yue)1里(li)。初(chu)建寺(si)(si)(si)于(yu)隋(sui)代，吳越(yue)時名(ming)(ming)崇(chong)壽院。它似乎特別(bie)受到(dao)歷朝(chao)君主的(de)垂青：北(bei)宋(song)(song)賜名(ming)(ming)為“天(tian)(tian)寧萬壽永(yong)祚禪(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)”。南(nan)宋(song)(song)高(gao)宗(zong)曾賜佛(fo)(fo)像，置于(yu)寺(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)華嚴寶(bao)閣(ge)，并增擴殿宇，明代賜號“中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)禪(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)”。至南(nan)宋(song)(song)寧宗(zong)皇帝(di)，又列為天(tian)(tian)下禪(chan)宗(zong)五山(shan)十剎(cha)之第(di)一剎(cha)。此外在(zai)(zai)(zai)元代曾改(gai)(gai)(gai)名(ming)(ming)天(tian)(tian)歷永(yong)祚禪(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)，清(qing)代又改(gai)(gai)(gai)名(ming)(ming)法凈寺(si)(si)(si)。寺(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)原有(you)藏(zang)經閣(ge)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)1947年毀(hui)于(yu)火(huo)災。

中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺是從(cong)下(xia)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺分(fen)離出來(lai)獨立成(cheng)院的(de)，那(nei)時上(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺已經(jing)后(hou)來(lai)居上(shang)(shang)，而中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺卻仍(reng)簫然孤立于上(shang)(shang)、下(xia)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺之間，相形失色。為了能(neng)與上(shang)(shang)、下(xia)二天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺平起平坐，中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺寺(si)僧們倒是憋了一(yi)口氣，想方設法尋找時機。終于，在摩利支天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)“顯靈”之后(hou)，他(ta)們又爭到了一(yi)次接待官(guan)方大(da)員到本地祈雨(yu)的(de)機會，而且很幸運，祈雨(yu)以“靈驗”告終。從(cong)此(ci)，中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺寺(si)也(ye)被人刮目相看，當華(hua)嚴閣建成(cheng)后(hou)，它的(de)聲(sheng)望和(he)地位就更(geng)加(jia)顯赫，成(cheng)了湖上(shang)(shang)巍然巨(ju)剎。明朝洪武（1368-1398）初寺(si)重建后(hou)，賜名為“中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺禪寺(si)”。正德（1506-1521）間，寺(si)又毀。嘉(jia)靖(jing)二十五年（1546），僧慧鏞等募(mu)化重建，原后(hou)民殿改建為白衣(yi)觀音(yin)殿。

中天竺托名(ming)北宋詩僧(seng)慧嵩所作的《中竺十二景題詠》，就給后人留下了(le)古剎內外的勝(sheng)景風(feng)貌，如《千歲古意》寫(xie)道：千歲巖(yan)頭碧樹森，昔年寶掌(zhang)獨知(zhi)音。

蒲團坐破僧何處，寂寂青山任古今(jin)。相(xiang)傳寶掌初來(lai)時(shi)，常坐在一塊巨大的巖石(shi)上說法，后人稱這(zhe)塊巖石(shi)“千歲巖”，巖在寺后。又如：“七(qi)星(xing)潭(tan)月”：水沼形聯北(bei)斗名，來(lai)源脈(mo)引天河清(qing)。夜涼云(yun)去秋空凈(jing)，冰魄(po)亭亭萬(wan)里(li)平。七(qi)星(xing)潭(tan)位于中天竺寺內大殿前，七(qi)汪清(qing)泉相(xiang)通(tong)，形似北(bei)斗七(qi)星(xing)

排列。再如“永(yong)清(qing)竹浪”：瑯（王(wang)+干）清(qing)蔭碧于水，有(you)時(shi)掠地狂風起(qi)。窗前卷起(qi)伏(fu)如揚，莫驚林(lin)下(xia)化龍(long)鯉。“永(yong)清(qing)”即永(yong)清(qing)塢，就在中天(tian)竺寺(si)對(dui)面(mian)。明清(qing)時(shi)，中天(tian)竺大殿里(li)有(you)一副(fu)柱(zhu)聯(lian)，文字通俗易懂，文意冷峻而又不(bu)乏嘲諷，聯(lian)文是：我們(men)中締(di)結福緣(yuan)，豈唯在一炷清(qing)香(xiang)，幾聲佛號(hao)；你心里(li)能全善果，自然地秋(qiu)生桂實，春茁蘭芽。如今，幾經滄桑的中天(tian)竺寺(si)佛門重開，恢復了宗教活動，除(chu)了以老年婦女(nv)為(wei)主的香(xiang)客外，還常有(you)慕名前來(lai)訪(fang)古的游客光臨(lin)寺(si)中。

景點描述

天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)三(san)(san)寺(si)從靈隱到天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)門(men)山，周(zhou)圍(wei)數(shu)十里，統稱為天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山。從靈隱咫尺西天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)照壁沿天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)溪而上(shang)，依次為下天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，有天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)香市和佛(fo)國勝地之稱。下天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)，又(you)名法(fa)鏡寺(si)。法(fa)鏡寺(si)在三(san)(san)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)中(zhong)歷(li)史最為悠久，創建于東晉咸和五年(nian)（330），相傳為印度慧(hui)理和尚所建。現寺(si)內有天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王殿(dian)、圓通寶殿(dian)、藥師(shi)壇(tan)場三(san)(san)進殿(dian)堂(tang)。法(fa)鏡寺(si)現為杭州唯一的尼姑寺(si)院，今尚在恢復擴建之中(zhong)。中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)位于稽(ji)留峰(feng)下，離法(fa)鏡寺(si)約500米，又(you)名法(fa)凈寺(si)。現寺(si)內有原天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王殿(dian)、安養(yang)堂(tang)、三(san)(san)圣(sheng)殿(dian)等建筑，盛行宗教活動(dong)，也(ye)是西湖(hu)一大(da)寺(si)觀(guan)。

上天(tian)竺寺又(you)名法喜寺，離中天(tian)竺約1千米。天(tian)竺三寺以法喜寺面積(ji)最大，建筑(zhu)

雄偉(wei)，布(bu)局莊(zhuang)嚴。寺(si)內殿堂(tang)(tang)很多，除大殿外，有肅儀(yi)亭(ting)、夜講(jiang)堂(tang)(tang)、白云堂(tang)(tang)、兩峰(feng)堂(tang)(tang)、雪(xue)坡軒等。寺(si)四周有白云峰(feng)、白云泉、乳竇峰(feng)、乳竇泉等名(ming)勝。白云峰(feng)的白云茶曾是南(nan)宋歲貢的西湖名(ming)茶。宋元(yuan)祐(you)中(zhong)，蘇東坡出任杭州知府，曾數次來游，留下《雨中(zhong)游天竺靈感觀音院》等詩篇(pian)(pian)。宋朱熹、呂祖謙、戴復古，元(yuan)趙孟、倪(ni)瓚(zan)等均(jun)有游上(shang)天竺詩。宋代(dai)抗金英雄岳飛的《歸赴(fu)行在過上(shang)天竺寺(si)偶題》詩篇(pian)(pian)更是氣壯山河。現寺(si)中(zhong)有大殿和齋(zhai)、客堂(tang)(tang)等輔助用房。

徜(chang)徉(yang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)，除(chu)到(dao)各寺游覽，最為(wei)誘人(ren)的(de)是欣(xin)賞四周的(de)山(shan)(shan)巒秀(xiu)色。從靈隱合澗(jian)橋旁循路而(er)(er)進，山(shan)(shan)色如(ru)列畫屏，崖陡谷深，曲澗(jian)淙淙，山(shan)(shan)嵐云(yun)影(ying)時而(er)(er)飄忽，能看(kan)到(dao)著名的(de)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)靈鷲峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、蓮花峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、月桂峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、稽留峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、中印峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、乳(ru)竇峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、白云(yun)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)雙峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)削立，形同天(tian)(tian)(tian)門(men)，故杭人(ren)又(you)稱它(ta)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)門(men)山(shan)(shan)。峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)高455米，有西湖第一(yi)高峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之稱，為(wei)西湖群山(shan)(shan)的(de)主峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)道上有不少古樹名木，如(ru)七葉樹、楓香、紫楠、黃檀、榆樹等。天(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)奇(qi)石更奇(qi)，特別是蓮花峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)一(yi)帶的(de)山(shan)(shan)石，晶瑩清潤，嵌空玲(ling)瓏，俊美(mei)無比。

杭州著(zhu)名的(de)佛教圣(sheng)地天(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)三寺(si)(si)竺(zhu)法鏡寺(si)(si)后沿著(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)路走(zou)過一里(li)許的(de)第二(er)座古剎中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)法凈(jing)寺(si)(si)，法凈(jing)禪(chan)寺(si)(si)又稱中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)寺(si)(si)位于天(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)山之稽(ji)留(liu)峰下四(si)周(zhou)群(qun)山環抱景色(se)幽美歷史上還有有“稽(ji)留(liu)旭日”“合澗沉鐘(zhong)”、“七星潭(tan)月”“永清竹浪”等(deng)為“中(zhong)竺(zhu)十二(er)景”可見(jian)景之絕色(se)中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)始于隋乃中(zhong)印度(du)高僧寶(bao)掌禪(chan)師(shi)所創師(shi)生時左手(shou)握拳(quan)至七歲剃度(du)時始展掌掌中(zhong)現。

明(ming)珠(zhu)故得名(ming)隋開(kai)(kai)皇十七年（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)597年）寶掌(zhang)(zhang)大(da)(da)(da)師(shi)(shi)參游(you)經(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)感嘆(tan)山(shan)水之(zhi)勝而(er)為(wei)(wei)賦曰“行(xing)盡支那四(si)百川此中(zhong)(zhong)遍(bian)稱道人游(you)”于(yu)此清凈禪(chan)定立茲道場肇(zhao)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)伽藍之(zhi)端昔(xi)傳(chuan)寶掌(zhang)(zhang)大(da)(da)(da)師(shi)(shi)有愿住(zhu)世千歲(sui)世壽(shou)(shou)1072歲(sui)史(shi)稱千歲(sui)寶掌(zhang)(zhang)寺(si)(si)(si)后寶掌(zhang)(zhang)大(da)(da)(da)師(shi)(shi)常坐之(zhi)巖便也稱作“千歲(sui)巖”唐開(kai)(kai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)(da)(da)歷年間(jian)賢首(shou)宗(zong)創始(shi)人法(fa)(fa)藏之(zhi)再(zai)傳(chuan)弟子法(fa)(fa)詵(shen)法(fa)(fa)師(shi)(shi)住(zhu)持(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法(fa)(fa)師(shi)(shi)精通《華嚴(yan)》開(kai)(kai)席立論其弟子澄觀著述師(shi)(shi)說(shuo)闡揚華嚴(yan)尊諱華嚴(yan)疏主賜號(hao)清涼國師(shi)(shi)對中(zhong)(zhong)唐以(yi)后之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)國佛教(jiao)(jiao)影響極為(wei)(wei)深遠(yuan)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)太平興國元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)976年）吳越錢(qian)弘(hong)俶(ti)王(wang)賜額“崇壽(shou)(shou)天(tian)(tian)圣寺(si)(si)(si)”是(shi)時(shi)(shi)殿(dian)宇莊嚴(yan)信眾云集(ji)慶歷年間(jian)云門(men)高(gao)僧(seng)契嵩來杭(hang)住(zhu)持(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)契嵩因(yin)著文護法(fa)(fa)深受朝野尊重宋(song)(song)(song)(song)仁宗(zong)趙禎封(feng)號(hao)為(wei)(wei)“明(ming)教(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)師(shi)(shi)”由此中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)名(ming)聞朝野趨于(yu)鼎(ding)盛政(zheng)和四(si)年（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1114年）宋(song)(song)(song)(song)徽宗(zong)為(wei)(wei)祈求永保宋(song)(song)(song)(song)室(shi)(shi)江山(shan)將中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“天(tian)(tian)寧萬壽(shou)(shou)永祚禪(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)”宋(song)(song)(song)(song)室(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)渡(du)開(kai)(kai)封(feng)高(gao)僧(seng)亻幼堂(tang)隨帝室(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)遷(qian)住(zhu)持(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)講經(jing)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)弘(hong)揚佛法(fa)(fa)聞名(ming)一時(shi)(shi)當(dang)南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)“尊表五山(shan)品評江南(nan)(nan)名(ming)寺(si)(si)(si)”評定“五山(shan)十剎”時(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)位居禪(chan)院(yuan)十剎之(zhi)首(shou)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)代毀于(yu)戰火明(ming)洪武(wu)初(chu)(chu)重建中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)敕(chi)名(ming)“中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)”當(dang)時(shi)(shi)寺(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)法(fa)(fa)樹高(gao)聳群英咸集(ji)清初(chu)(chu)康熙南(nan)(nan)巡至中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)后為(wei)(wei)寺(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)題寫。