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寺廟簡介

自靈(ling)隱寺(si)(si)(si)山(shan)(shan)門向(xiang)南直上(shang)(shang)，在(zai)白(bai)云峰北者，稱上(shang)(shang)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)。在(zai)稽留峰北者，稱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)。在(zai)飛來峰之麓(lu)，稱下(xia)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)。三天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)皆以供奉觀世音(yin)菩薩為本。天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)(shang)是杭州的佛(fo)國，天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)三寺(si)(si)(si)香火極(ji)盛(sheng)。元(yuan)天(tian)歷(li)（1328-1330）間(jian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)僧(seng)大忻(xin)博得元(yuan)文(wen)宗圖貼睦爾(er)的歡(huan)心。寺(si)(si)(si)名(ming)(ming)改(gai)為“天(tian)歷(li)永(yong)(yong)(yong)祚(zuo)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)”，誰(shui)知“永(yong)(yong)(yong)祚(zuo)”不“永(yong)(yong)(yong)”，在(zai)元(yuan)末的戰亂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)同(tong)樣沒(mei)有(you)躲過寺(si)(si)(si)毀(hui)僧(seng)散的災難。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)上(shang)(shang)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)約1里。初建寺(si)(si)(si)于隋代(dai)，吳(wu)越時名(ming)(ming)崇壽院。它似乎特別(bie)受(shou)到歷(li)朝君主的垂(chui)青(qing)：北宋(song)(song)賜名(ming)(ming)為“天(tian)寧萬壽永(yong)(yong)(yong)祚(zuo)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)”。南宋(song)(song)高宗曾賜佛(fo)像，置于寺(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的華嚴寶閣，并增擴殿宇，明(ming)代(dai)賜號“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)”。至(zhi)南宋(song)(song)寧宗皇帝，又(you)列(lie)為天(tian)下(xia)禪(chan)(chan)宗五山(shan)(shan)十剎(cha)之第一剎(cha)。此外(wai)在(zai)元(yuan)代(dai)曾改(gai)名(ming)(ming)天(tian)歷(li)永(yong)(yong)(yong)祚(zuo)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)，清代(dai)又(you)改(gai)名(ming)(ming)法(fa)凈寺(si)(si)(si)。寺(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原有(you)藏經閣，在(zai)1947年毀(hui)于火災。

中(zhong)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是從下(xia)(xia)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分離出來(lai)獨立(li)成(cheng)院的，那(nei)時上(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)已經后(hou)來(lai)居上(shang)(shang)(shang)，而中(zhong)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)卻仍簫然(ran)孤立(li)于上(shang)(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之間，相(xiang)形失色。為了(le)(le)能(neng)與上(shang)(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)二(er)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)起平(ping)坐(zuo)，中(zhong)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)僧們倒是憋了(le)(le)一口氣(qi)，想(xiang)方設法尋找時機。終于，在摩利支天(tian)“顯靈(ling)”之后(hou)，他(ta)們又(you)爭到了(le)(le)一次(ci)接待官方大員(yuan)到本地祈雨的機會(hui)，而且很幸運(yun)，祈雨以“靈(ling)驗”告終。從此(ci)，中(zhong)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)也被人(ren)刮目(mu)相(xiang)看，當華嚴閣建成(cheng)后(hou)，它的聲望和地位就(jiu)更加顯赫，成(cheng)了(le)(le)湖上(shang)(shang)(shang)巍然(ran)巨剎(cha)。明朝洪武（1368-1398）初(chu)寺(si)(si)重(zhong)建后(hou)，賜名(ming)為“中(zhong)天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)禪寺(si)(si)”。正德（1506-1521）間，寺(si)(si)又(you)毀(hui)。嘉靖二(er)十五年（1546），僧慧(hui)鏞等(deng)募(mu)化(hua)重(zhong)建，原(yuan)后(hou)民殿(dian)改建為白(bai)衣(yi)觀(guan)音殿(dian)。

中天竺托名北(bei)宋(song)詩僧(seng)慧(hui)嵩所(suo)作的《中竺十二(er)景(jing)題詠》，就給后(hou)人留下了古(gu)剎內外的勝景(jing)風貌，如《千(qian)歲(sui)古(gu)意》寫道(dao)：千(qian)歲(sui)巖頭碧樹森，昔年寶掌獨(du)知音(yin)。

蒲團(tuan)坐破僧何(he)處，寂寂青山任古今(jin)。相(xiang)傳(chuan)寶掌初來時(shi)，常坐在一塊巨大的巖(yan)石(shi)上(shang)說法，后人稱這塊巖(yan)石(shi)“千歲巖(yan)”，巖(yan)在寺后。又如：“七星(xing)(xing)潭月”：水(shui)沼形聯北斗名，來源脈引(yin)天河清。夜涼(liang)云去秋空(kong)凈，冰魄亭(ting)亭(ting)萬里平。七星(xing)(xing)潭位于中天竺寺內大殿前，七汪清泉相(xiang)通，形似(si)北斗七星(xing)(xing)

排列。再如(ru)“永(yong)清(qing)竹浪”：瑯(lang)（王+干）清(qing)蔭碧于(yu)水，有時(shi)掠地狂風起。窗前(qian)卷起伏如(ru)揚，莫驚林下(xia)化龍(long)鯉。“永(yong)清(qing)”即永(yong)清(qing)塢，就在中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺寺(si)對面。明(ming)清(qing)時(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺大殿里有一(yi)副柱聯，文(wen)字通(tong)俗(su)易懂，文(wen)意冷峻而又不乏嘲諷，聯文(wen)是：我們中(zhong)(zhong)締結福緣，豈唯在一(yi)炷清(qing)香，幾聲佛(fo)號(hao)；你心里能全善果(guo)，自然地秋生桂(gui)實，春茁蘭(lan)芽。如(ru)今，幾經滄桑的中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺寺(si)佛(fo)門重開，恢復了宗教活動，除了以老年婦女為(wei)主的香客外，還(huan)常有慕名前(qian)來訪古的游客光(guang)臨(lin)寺(si)中(zhong)(zhong)。

景點描述

天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)三(san)寺(si)(si)從靈(ling)隱到天(tian)(tian)門山(shan)，周圍數十(shi)里，統(tong)稱為(wei)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)。從靈(ling)隱咫尺西(xi)天(tian)(tian)照壁沿天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)溪而上(shang)，依次為(wei)下(xia)(xia)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、上(shang)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，有天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)香市和(he)佛國勝地(di)之稱。下(xia)(xia)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)，又名法(fa)(fa)(fa)鏡(jing)寺(si)(si)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)鏡(jing)寺(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)三(san)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)中(zhong)歷史最為(wei)悠久(jiu)，創建(jian)(jian)于(yu)東(dong)晉咸(xian)和(he)五(wu)年(nian)（330），相傳為(wei)印度慧(hui)理和(he)尚所建(jian)(jian)。現(xian)寺(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)有天(tian)(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)、圓(yuan)通寶殿(dian)、藥師壇(tan)場三(san)進殿(dian)堂。法(fa)(fa)(fa)鏡(jing)寺(si)(si)現(xian)為(wei)杭州唯一的尼姑寺(si)(si)院(yuan)，今尚在(zai)(zai)恢(hui)復擴建(jian)(jian)之中(zhong)。中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)位(wei)于(yu)稽(ji)留峰下(xia)(xia)，離法(fa)(fa)(fa)鏡(jing)寺(si)(si)約500米，又名法(fa)(fa)(fa)凈寺(si)(si)。現(xian)寺(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)有原天(tian)(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)、安養堂、三(san)圣殿(dian)等建(jian)(jian)筑，盛行宗教活動，也是西(xi)湖一大寺(si)(si)觀。

上天(tian)竺(zhu)寺又名法(fa)(fa)喜(xi)寺，離中天(tian)竺(zhu)約1千米。天(tian)竺(zhu)三寺以法(fa)(fa)喜(xi)寺面積最大(da)，建筑(zhu)

雄(xiong)偉，布局莊嚴。寺(si)內殿堂(tang)(tang)很(hen)多，除大(da)殿外，有肅儀亭、夜講堂(tang)(tang)、白云(yun)(yun)堂(tang)(tang)、兩峰(feng)(feng)堂(tang)(tang)、雪坡軒(xuan)等。寺(si)四周有白云(yun)(yun)峰(feng)(feng)、白云(yun)(yun)泉(quan)(quan)、乳(ru)竇峰(feng)(feng)、乳(ru)竇泉(quan)(quan)等名(ming)(ming)勝。白云(yun)(yun)峰(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)白云(yun)(yun)茶曾是南(nan)宋(song)歲(sui)貢的(de)(de)西湖(hu)名(ming)(ming)茶。宋(song)元(yuan)祐中(zhong)(zhong)，蘇東坡出任杭州知府，曾數次來游，留下《雨(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)游天竺靈感觀(guan)音院》等詩(shi)篇。宋(song)朱熹(xi)、呂(lv)祖謙、戴復古，元(yuan)趙孟、倪瓚等均有游上天竺詩(shi)。宋(song)代抗金英(ying)雄(xiong)岳飛的(de)(de)《歸赴行在過(guo)上天竺寺(si)偶題》詩(shi)篇更是氣壯山(shan)河。現(xian)寺(si)中(zhong)(zhong)有大(da)殿和齋、客堂(tang)(tang)等輔助(zhu)用(yong)房。

徜(chang)徉(yang)天(tian)竺(zhu)山(shan)，除到(dao)各寺游覽(lan)，最為誘人的(de)是欣賞四(si)周(zhou)的(de)山(shan)巒(luan)秀色。從靈隱(yin)合澗(jian)橋旁循(xun)路而進，山(shan)色如列(lie)畫屏，崖陡(dou)谷(gu)深(shen)，曲澗(jian)淙淙，山(shan)嵐云影時而飄忽(hu)，能看到(dao)著名(ming)的(de)山(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)靈鷲(jiu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、蓮花峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、月桂(gui)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、稽留峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、中印峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、乳竇峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、白云峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、天(tian)竺(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。天(tian)竺(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)雙峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)削立，形同天(tian)門(men)，故杭人又稱它(ta)為天(tian)門(men)山(shan)。峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)高455米，有(you)西(xi)湖(hu)第一高峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之稱，為西(xi)湖(hu)群山(shan)的(de)主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。天(tian)竺(zhu)道上有(you)不少古樹名(ming)木，如七葉樹、楓香、紫楠、黃檀(tan)、榆樹等。天(tian)竺(zhu)山(shan)奇石更奇，特別(bie)是蓮花峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)一帶的(de)山(shan)石，晶(jing)瑩清潤，嵌(qian)空玲瓏，俊美無比。

杭州著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)佛教圣地(di)天竺(zhu)三寺(si)(si)竺(zhu)法鏡寺(si)(si)后沿(yan)著(zhu)天竺(zhu)路走(zou)過一里許的(de)第(di)二座(zuo)古剎中(zhong)天竺(zhu)法凈寺(si)(si)，法凈禪寺(si)(si)又稱中(zhong)天竺(zhu)寺(si)(si)位于天竺(zhu)山之稽留峰下(xia)四(si)周群(qun)山環抱景(jing)色幽美歷史上(shang)還有有“稽留旭日”“合澗(jian)沉鐘”、“七星潭月”“永(yong)清竹浪”等(deng)為“中(zhong)竺(zhu)十二景(jing)”可見景(jing)之絕(jue)色中(zhong)天竺(zhu)始于隋乃中(zhong)印度高僧寶(bao)掌(zhang)禪師所創師生時左手握拳至七歲剃度時始展掌(zhang)掌(zhang)中(zhong)現。

明珠故得名(ming)(ming)(ming)隋(sui)開(kai)皇十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)597年(nian)(nian)(nian)）寶掌(zhang)大師(shi)(shi)參游經(jing)中天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)感嘆山(shan)(shan)(shan)水之(zhi)勝而為(wei)賦(fu)曰“行盡支那四(si)百川此(ci)中遍稱道人游”于(yu)此(ci)清凈禪定立茲道場肇中天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)伽(jia)藍(lan)之(zhi)端(duan)昔傳寶掌(zhang)大師(shi)(shi)有愿(yuan)住世千(qian)歲世壽(shou)1072歲史稱千(qian)歲寶掌(zhang)寺(si)后(hou)寶掌(zhang)大師(shi)(shi)常(chang)坐之(zhi)巖(yan)便也(ye)稱作“千(qian)歲巖(yan)”唐(tang)開(kai)元(yuan)(yuan)大歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)賢首宗創始(shi)人法藏(zang)之(zhi)再(zai)傳弟子(zi)(zi)法詵法師(shi)(shi)住持(chi)中天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法師(shi)(shi)精通《華嚴》開(kai)席(xi)立論(lun)其弟子(zi)(zi)澄觀著述師(shi)(shi)說闡揚華嚴尊諱華嚴疏主賜(si)號(hao)清涼國(guo)師(shi)(shi)對中唐(tang)以(yi)后(hou)之(zhi)中國(guo)佛(fo)教(jiao)影響極為(wei)深遠宋太(tai)平興國(guo)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)976年(nian)(nian)(nian)）吳越錢弘(hong)俶王(wang)賜(si)額“崇壽(shou)天(tian)圣寺(si)”是(shi)時(shi)殿宇莊嚴信眾云集(ji)慶歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)云門高(gao)僧(seng)契嵩來杭住持(chi)中天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)契嵩因(yin)著文護(hu)法深受朝野尊重宋仁宗趙禎封號(hao)為(wei)“明教(jiao)大師(shi)(shi)”由此(ci)中天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)名(ming)(ming)(ming)聞朝野趨(qu)于(yu)鼎盛政(zheng)和四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)1114年(nian)(nian)(nian)）宋徽宗為(wei)祈求永保(bao)宋室江(jiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)將中天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)改名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)“天(tian)寧萬(wan)壽(shou)永祚禪寺(si)”宋室南渡開(kai)封高(gao)僧(seng)亻幼(you)堂(tang)隨帝(di)室南遷住持(chi)中天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)講經(jing)說法弘(hong)揚佛(fo)法聞名(ming)(ming)(ming)一時(shi)當南宋“尊表五(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)品評江(jiang)南名(ming)(ming)(ming)寺(si)”評定“五(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)十(shi)剎(cha)”時(shi)中天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)位(wei)居禪院(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)剎(cha)之(zhi)首元(yuan)(yuan)代毀于(yu)戰火(huo)明洪武(wu)初重建中天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)敕名(ming)(ming)(ming)“中天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)”當時(shi)寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)法樹高(gao)聳群英咸集(ji)清初康熙南巡至中天(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)后(hou)為(wei)寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)題寫。