一.產品介紹
甘(gan)谷古稱(cheng)(cheng)冀(ji),公元(yuan)前688年(秦武公十(shi)年)建縣, 迄今有(you)2680年,為全國縣制肇始之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),有(you)“華夏第一(yi)縣”之(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)。是(shi)人文始祖伏羲氏、孔(kong)子七(qi)十(shi)二賢人之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)石作蜀、清(qing)初翰林(lin)院(yuan)侍讀學士(shi)鞏建豐等名人先賢的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)息之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),是(shi)三(san)國蜀漢大(da)將(jiang)軍姜維等名人先賢誕生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di),世(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)姜維故里。甘(gan)谷農業(ye)的(de)(de)發展歷史悠(you)久,甘(gan)谷獨特的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)理位(wei)置是(shi)中國北方(fang)大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)的(de)(de)適宜栽培黃(huang)金緯(wei)度區(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。甘(gan)谷種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)蔬(shu)菜(cai)歷史悠(you)久,種(zhong)(zhong)類繁多,品(pin)(pin)質優良,甘(gan)谷大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)在明未清(qing)初就有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。據甘(gan)谷縣志記載:“清(qing)初主(zhu)(zhu)要蔬(shu)菜(cai)有(you)芹(qin)、韭(jiu)、蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、蒜(suan)(suan)、薤、茄、白(bai)菜(cai)、菠菱、甜菠菜(cai)、蘿卜(黃(huang)、自、紅(hong)(hong)、青4種(zhong)(zhong))、芫荽、五撮、苣荬、馬(ma)齒莧、茨(慈(ci)姑(gu))、椿頭、王(wang)瓜(gua)(gua)(黃(huang)瓜(gua)(gua))、甜瓜(gua)(gua)、西瓜(gua)(gua)、冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)、南瓜(gua)(gua)、葫(hu)蘆(lu)。蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蒜(suan)(suan)類有(you)12個(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong):紅(hong)(hong)根(gen)韭(jiu)、白(bai)根(gen)韭(jiu)、馬(ma)蓮韭(jiu)、四川冬(dong)韭(jiu)、漢中冬(dong)韭(jiu)、甜蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、白(bai)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、小(xiao)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、龍(long)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、洋蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、紅(hong)(hong)蒜(suan)(suan)、白(bai)蒜(suan)(suan)。” 甘(gan)谷大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)距今已有(you)上百年歷史,特別是(shi)1987年就形成(cheng)(cheng)了一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),1992年大(da)規(gui)模(mo)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),特選大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、鐵稈王(wang)等優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)引(yin)進,經本地(di)(di)(di)改造(zao)、選種(zhong)(zhong),成(cheng)(cheng)為高產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),形成(cheng)(cheng)了以新興(xing)鎮(zhen)雒(luo)家(jia)村為主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基地(di)(di)(di),大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積1.8萬余(yu)畝,平(ping)均畝產(chan)(chan)5000 kg,總產(chan)(chan)量6.88萬噸。因其蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)白(bai)長﹑產(chan)(chan)量高﹑品(pin)(pin)味濃郁在短(duan)(duan)短(duan)(duan)幾十(shi)年中成(cheng)(cheng)為我(wo)縣蔬(shu)菜(cai)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)打產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和(he)人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土壤(rang)地貌情況(kuang) 大蔥生長(chang)要(yao)(yao)求以土層深(shen)厚(hou)、排水良好、富(fu)含(han)有(you)(you)機(ji)質的(de)壤(rang)土為(wei)最好,適宜的(de)土壤(rang)酸堿(jian)度為(wei)pH7.0~7.5,甘谷大蔥產區土壤(rang)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)黃(huang)綿(mian)土,壚(lu)土和淀(dian)土,土層深(shen)厚(hou),質地疏松,通透(tou)性好,適宜耕作,呈弱堿(jian)性,pH值7.5-8,土壤(rang)肥(fei)力較(jiao)高(gao),土壤(rang)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)豐富(fu)的(de)微量(liang)(liang)元素和礦(kuang)物質,土壤(rang)中(zhong)有(you)(you)機(ji)質1%左右,全氮(dan)0.052%,全磷(lin)0.147%,速效氮(dan)含(han)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)43.34mg/kg,速效磷(lin)含(han)量(liang)(liang)5.03mg/kg,速效鉀含(han)量(liang)(liang)117.24mg/kg,加之施用腐殖質含(han)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)、豆(dou)粉等,極適宜大蔥的(de)生長(chang)發育(yu)。
2、水文情(qing)況(kuang) 我縣(xian)(xian)地域遼(liao)闊,渭(wei)河由(you)(you)西向東橫(heng)貫(guan)全縣(xian)(xian),土壤(rang)、水、氣資源污染(ran)少,年平(ping)均降雨量451mm,雨量分布由(you)(you)南向北遞減,空氣較干(gan)燥(zao)。甘(gan)谷大蔥產地地處甘(gan)谷縣(xian)(xian)渭(wei)河南北淺山區,土壤(rang)灌溉主要以純凈(jing)無污染(ran)的(de)地下水澆灌為主,以自然(ran)降水為輔。
3、氣候情況 甘(gan)谷(gu)縣(xian)位于甘(gan)肅(su)省東南部,典型的(de)(de)大陸性季(ji)風氣候。四季(ji)分明,年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)11.5 ℃,其中(zhong)最高(7月(yue)(yue)(yue))月(yue)(yue)(yue)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)25.4 ℃,最低(1月(yue)(yue)(yue))月(yue)(yue)(yue)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)-1.1 ℃,夏(xia)熱無酷暑(shu),冬冷無嚴寒。全年(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)2350小時左(zuo)右(you),光(guang)照(zhao)充足(zu),日(ri)照(zhao)率約50%,無霜期196天左(zuo)右(you)。年(nian)均(jun)降水(shui)量451mm左(zuo)右(you),分布(bu)極不均(jun)勻,一(yi)般一(yi)至三月(yue)(yue)(yue)雨量偏少(shao),七(qi)至九月(yue)(yue)(yue)雨水(shui)較多,冬干夏(xia)濕。適合北方大部分農(nong)作物(wu)生(sheng)長,特別是對蔬(shu)菜(cai)的(de)(de)種植極為有(you)利,“六月(yue)(yue)(yue)壅,七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)上,八月(yue)(yue)(yue)再看(kan)蔥發旺(wang)(wang)”,8月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)大蔥進入旺(wang)(wang)盛生(sheng)長期,因而尤(you)其適合大蔥種植。
三.地域范圍
甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)縣位于甘(gan)(gan)(gan)肅省(sheng)東南(nan)部(bu)(bu),天(tian)水(shui)市(shi)西北(bei)部(bu)(bu),渭(wei)河上(shang)游,渭(wei)河由西東橫貫全縣,境內(nei)長度41.6公(gong)里。地(di)處東經104°58′至(zhi)105°31′,北(bei)緯34°31′至(zhi)35°03′之間,甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)境內(nei)山多川少,氣候干燥(zao),典型(xing)的(de)大(da)陸(lu)性(xing)季風氣候。甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)東鄰秦(qin)安(an)(an)縣、麥積(ji)區(qu),南(nan)接(jie)秦(qin)州區(qu)、禮(li)縣,西與武(wu)山縣交界,北(bei)與通(tong)渭(wei)縣相連。甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)大(da)蔥(cong)產地(di)地(di)處甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)縣新(xin)興鎮北(bei)淺山區(qu),該(gai)區(qu)域海拔1400-1600m,為(wei)黃(huang)土梁狀(zhuang)山地(di),土質(zhi)為(wei)黃(huang)綿土,有(you)機質(zhi)含量豐富,年平均氣溫11.5 ℃,年日照(zhao)時數2131小時,無霜期196天(tian),年降水(shui)量451mm;地(di)勢平坦(tan)、土層深厚、空氣清新(xin)、光照(zhao)充足、灌溉條件良好、水(shui)質(zhi)純凈無污染、區(qu)域內(nei)無工業污染,為(wei)天(tian)然綠色食(shi)品(pin)生產區(qu)。 甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)大(da)蔥(cong)實施地(di)理標志產品(pin)保護(hu)范(fan)圍涉(she)及(ji)新(xin)興、磐安(an)(an)、六(liu)峰、大(da)像(xiang)山鎮、金山、八里灣、謝家灣、禮(li)辛、安(an)(an)遠9鄉(xiang)鎮99村,目前,栽培面積(ji)達(da)到(dao)(dao)1300公(gong)頃,年產量達(da)到(dao)(dao)5850噸(dun)。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特征 甘(gan)谷大蔥(cong)植(zhi)株高大,直立(li)性強,外形粗(cu)壯挺拔,假莖(jing)較長,蔥(cong)白長40—60厘(li)米,徑1—2.5厘(li)米,蔥(cong)葉色鮮(xian)綠(lv),管葉厚韌(ren),質地脆嫩,辣(la)度適中,香(xiang)辛濃(nong)郁(yu),甘(gan)甜(tian)多(duo)汁,嚼之無絲,品質上佳。
2、內(nei)在品質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao) 甘谷大(da)(da)蔥(cong)富(fu)含(han)多種維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素(su)、蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)、擴物質(zhi)(zhi)、可溶(rong)(rong)性糖(tang)(tang)等。其(qi)中(zhong):富(fu)含(han)多種維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素(su)、蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)、礦(kuang)物質(zhi)(zhi)、可溶(rong)(rong)性糖(tang)(tang)等。其(qi)中(zhong)干物質(zhi)(zhi)80—90g/kg,維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素(su)C 75—80mg/kg,粗纖維(wei)(wei)9—10 g/kg,粗蛋白(bai)(bai)9.2—10.5 g/kg,可溶(rong)(rong)性糖(tang)(tang)38—46g/kg,維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素(su)B10.3—0.2mg/kg, 維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素(su) B2 0.13—0.27mg/kg,磷0.21—028g/kg,鎂(mei)120—130mg/kg,鈣430—441mg/kg,鐵1.03—1.13mg/kg,鋅1.95—2.04mg/kg,硫0.31—0.36g/kg。農藥殘留、重金(jin)屬指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)均符合(he)綠(lv)色食(shi)品標(biao)(biao)準(zhun),甘谷大(da)(da)蔥(cong)的理化指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)達(da)到綠(lv)色食(shi)品標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要求。
3、安全要求 甘谷(gu)大蔥(cong)(cong)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境(jing)按照(zhao)NY/T 391(綠色食品產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境(jing)質量(liang)標準)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing);肥料(liao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)按照(zhao)NY/T 394(綠色食品肥料(liao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則(ze))執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)。甘谷(gu)縣對大蔥(cong)(cong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加工、包裝、貯運等一系列技術規范進(jin)行(xing)(xing)管理;農藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)達到了NY/T 393(綠色食品農藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則(ze))標準,嚴禁使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國家命令禁止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的高劇毒農藥(yao)(yao),嚴格(ge)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)農藥(yao)(yao)安全間隔期,經農藥(yao)(yao)殘毒檢測合格(ge)方可(ke)上市(shi)。