萊(lai)蕪生(sheng)姜有(you)兩千多(duo)年的(de)種(zhong)植歷史(shi),封建社會曾是(shi)朝庭的(de)貢品(pin)。萊蕪生姜是全國名貴產品和中國蔬菜優(you)良品種,有(you)文字記載的栽培歷(li)史已有(you)2000多年。在我國古(gu)代典籍中有(you)許多關于(yu)萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)生(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)描述(shu):《論語》中有(you)“不撤姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)食(shi)”的(de)記載,說(shuo)明春秋戰國時(shi)(shi),齊(qi)魯食(shi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)非常普遍。《史記》貨殖列傳第六十(shi)九節寫道:“若(ruo)千(qian)畝卮茜,千(qian)畦(qi)(qi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)韭,此其(qi)人皆(jie)于(yu)千(qian)戶(hu)侯等”,也就是(shi)說(shuo),如果一個(ge)人種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)了一千(qian)畦(qi)(qi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),其(qi)富裕程(cheng)度(du)可以(yi)與當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)千(qian)戶(hu)侯相比(bi)。根據《萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)縣(xian)志》的(de)記載,宣(xuan)統年間,萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)就已(yi)(yi)經(jing)把生(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)列入了納稅科目。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)境(jing)內就已(yi)(yi)經(jing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)2000畝,畝產(chan)1000斤,主(zhu)要依(yi)靠(kao)“擔挑牲畜(chu)馱或小車裝運”到(dao)濟南、天(tian)津等地銷(xiao)售。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)經(jing)驗比(bi)較豐(feng)富,《齊(qi)民要術》中有(you)一節專述(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。《萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)縣(xian)志》中也有(you)關于(yu)生(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與收獲日(ri)期的(de)列表,“最早(zao)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)節為(wei)四月(yue)下旬至谷雨節,最遲(chi)為(wei)五月(yue)上旬至立夏節;最早(zao)收獲期為(wei)十(shi)月(yue)上旬至寒露節,最遲(chi)為(wei)十(shi)月(yue)下旬至霜降(jiang)”。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)生(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)其(qi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塊肥大、皮薄絲少(shao)、辣濃味美(mei)、色澤(ze)鮮潤而(er)著稱,富含(han)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)維生(sheng)素,既是(shi)美(mei)味品,又是(shi)保健(jian)品,民間有(you)“冬夏吃(chi)生(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),不勞(lao)醫生(sheng)開藥方”之說(shuo)。
萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)屬山東土特產(chan)品,是著名的“萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)三辣”之一,是我國(guo)眾多大(da)蔥(cong)品種中獨具特色的優(you)質(zhi)地(di)方品種。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)種植歷史悠久,嘉靖萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)縣志(zhi)、萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)縣鄉(xiang)土志(zhi)就有(you)蔥(cong)的記載(zai),1960年全國(guo)姜、蒜、蔥(cong)生產(chan)規劃會議在萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)召開。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)2003年獲得國(guo)家(jia)原產(chan)地(di)標記注冊,2013年被列為農(nong)業部農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)理標志(zhi)登記保(bao)護產(chan)品,地(di)理保(bao)護范圍(wei)涉及牛泉、高(gao)莊(zhuang)、雪野、里辛、顏莊(zhuang)等13個(ge)鎮(街(jie)道辦),總面積50000畝(mu)。雞腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)植株矮小、粗壯(zhuang),株高(gao)60-70厘(li)米(mi),蔥(cong)白長26-30厘(li)米(mi),其(qi)基部顯著膨(peng)大(da),向上漸細并稍彎曲(qu),形似雞腿(tui)(tui),故得名。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)適應性強(qiang),抗旱、耐(nai)瘠、耐(nai)寒、耐(nai)熱,抗病蟲,耐(nai)貯藏,生命力強(qiang),有(you)“根(gen)枯(ku)葉焦心不(bu)死”之說。雞腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)辛辣味濃,可(ke)生食,更宜(yi)炒食,作為生、孰、葷、素菜(cai)(cai)(cai)肴常用(yong)調料尤(you)佳,用(yong)它烹調菜(cai)(cai)(cai)肴,主佐均(jun)宜(yi),傳有(you)“如吃山東菜(cai)(cai)(cai),菜(cai)(cai)(cai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)離萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)蔥(cong)”的說法。
萊蕪大蒜種植歷史悠久,系山東省名特產之一。在《萊蕪縣志》的物產中就有蒜的記載,當時的種植經驗就比較豐富,對蒜的生長周期規定為“秋期播蒜勤為灌溉翌夏收獲”,當時的播種面積有1359畝。萊蕪大蒜分大白皮和大四瓣兩個品種,素以蒜頭蒜瓣大、蒜瓣肉質細、辣味濃香、產量高、耐貯藏等優良特性聞名。萊蕪大蒜有(you)紫皮、白(bai)皮之分,具(ju)有(you)營(ying)養豐富、味道鮮(xian)美、辛辣芳香、增進食(shi)欲、殺菌、耐貯運等特點,除冬(dong)季供應干蒜外,一年四(si)季均(jun)可供應青(qing)蒜苗、蒜黃,實現周(zhou)年供應。生(sheng)熟食(shi)俱佳,深(shen)受國內外消費(fei)者(zhe)好評。
萊(lai)蕪種(zhong)植花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)歷史悠(you)久(jiu),據考證,早在北魏時期就(jiu)有(you)栽(zai)植花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的記載,明代嘉靖年間開始大(da)量(liang)栽(zai)植,之(zhi)后常種(zhong)不衰。主要(yao)栽(zai)植品種(zhong)有(you):香(xiang)(xiang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子、大(da)紅(hong)(hong)袍(pao)、小紅(hong)(hong)袍(pao)、青皮椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等。特別是大(da)紅(hong)(hong)袍(pao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)具有(you)高(gao)產(chan)、優質(zhi)、適應性強、出(chu)皮率高(gao)、椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮厚實、色(se)澤(ze)鮮(xian)艷、香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)濃郁等特點(dian)。椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮中(zhong)各類揮(hui)發性芳香(xiang)(xiang)物質(zhi)含量(liang)高(gao)達(da) 9% ,不僅是提煉(lian)制(zhi)作(zuo)高(gao)級(ji)食用(yong)(yong)(yong)香(xiang)(xiang)精的優質(zhi)原料,而且是上等的食用(yong)(yong)(yong)調味(wei)(wei)品;花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)子含油(you)(you)量(liang)達(da) 30% ,榨(zha)取的花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)(you)既可作(zuo)工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you),也可食用(yong)(yong)(yong);花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮和種(zhong)子均可入藥,具有(you)開胃、健脾、增強體質(zhi)的功能。萊(lai)蕪大(da)紅(hong)(hong)袍(pao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在第(di)三屆中(zhong)國農(nong)業(ye)博(bo)覽會上被評為名(ming)牌產(chan)品。1971 年,萊(lai)蕪被列為山(shan)東省花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)商品基地縣(xian)。 1998 年萊(lai)城(cheng)區(qu)被命名(ming)為“中(zhong)國花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)鄉”。全市花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽(zai)植面(mian)積15萬(wan)畝、1600萬(wan)棵,總產(chan)1萬(wan)噸(dun)。【性(xing)狀(zhuang)】青椒(jiao) 多為2~3個上部(bu)離生(sheng)的(de)小(xiao)果(guo),集生(sheng)于小(xiao)果(guo)梗(geng)上,呈球(qiu)形,沿(yan)腹縫線開(kai)裂,直徑3~4mm。外(wai)表(biao)(biao)面灰綠(lv)(lv)色(se)或(huo)暗綠(lv)(lv)色(se),散胸數油(you)點及(ji)細密(mi)的(de)網(wang)狀(zhuang)隆起皺紋;內(nei)表(biao)(biao)面類(lei)白(bai)色(se),光滑。內(nei)果(guo)皮常(chang)由(you)基部(bu)與外(wai)果(guo)皮分離。殘(can)存種子呈卵(luan)形,長(chang)3~4mm,直徑2~3mm,表(biao)(biao)面黑色(se),有(you)光澤。氣香(xiang),味微(wei)甜而(er)辛。