陽山西洋(yang)菜(cai),廣東省清遠市陽山縣特產,全國農產品地理標(biao)志。
陽山縣屬(shu)南亞熱帶(dai)向(xiang)中亞熱帶(dai)過度的季風氣(qi)候區,春(chun)秋短而夏日長,晝夜溫差大,溫、光、水資源豐富(fu),四季分明,氣(qi)候溫和,雨量充沛(pei),適(shi)宜種(zhong)植西(xi)洋菜。陽山西(xi)洋菜植株一般長30-40厘米,莖粗約0.7厘米,莖橫切面近(jin)圓,莖節有抽生須(xu)根;色澤青綠色,葉(xie)為奇數羽狀復葉(xie),葉(xie)片(pian)呈卵形或(huo)近(jin)圓形;質地脆嫩、多汁,清香爽口。
2018年(nian)7月3日,中華人(ren)民共(gong)和國農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)部正式(shi)批(pi)準對“陽(yang)山西(xi)洋菜”實施農(nong)(nong)產品地理標志(zhi)登記保護。
陽(yang)山(shan)西洋(yang)菜產(chan)自桂湘贛粵褶皺帶與(yu)桂粵隆起交界(jie)地帶廣東省西北部的清遠(yuan)市陽(yang)山(shan)縣。保護(hu)區域(yu)范圍為陽(yang)山(shan)縣轄區域(yu)內,主要包括陽(yang)城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大崀鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、小江鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、江英鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、秤(cheng)架鄉、嶺背(bei)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、黎埠鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、七拱(gong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、青蓮鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)等9個(ge)(鄉)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),地理(li)坐標為東經112°22′01″-113°01′06″,北緯23°58′47″-24°55′52″之間。適宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)1200公(gong)頃,現(xian)有種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)700公(gong)頃,年產(chan)量6.3萬噸。
地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)貌(mao):境(jing)內地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)復雜,山(shan)地(di)(di)、丘陵、盆地(di)(di)、河(he)谷平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)交(jiao)錯(cuo),其(qi)中山(shan)地(di)(di)約占全(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)90%,盆地(di)(di)及(ji)沖積(ji)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)約占10%,海(hai)拔在50-1902米(mi)海(hai)拔,千米(mi)以上高山(shan)有150多座,屬(shu)于典型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)喀斯特地(di)(di)貌(mao),海(hai)拔溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)大,從海(hai)拔最低50米(mi)到最高的(de)(de)(de)1902米(mi),形(xing)(xing)成垂直溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou),溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)相(xiang)差(cha)(cha)9-10℃,有“盛夏無酷暑,十里不(bu)(bu)同(tong)天(tian)”的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)條(tiao)件。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件:陽山(shan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)豐(feng)(feng)富,主(zhu)要(yao)有水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)、山(shan)地(di)(di)紅(hong)壤(rang)、山(shan)地(di)(di)黃壤(rang)、高山(shan)草甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)、石灰土(tu)(tu)、紫(zi)色土(tu)(tu)、潮沙(sha)泥土(tu)(tu)。根據土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)普查,陽山(shan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)養分(fen)(fen)含量(liang),除速(su)效鉀含量(liang)較低外,其(qi)他養分(fen)(fen)含量(liang)較豐(feng)(feng)富。其(qi)中有效磷(lin)含量(liang)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)32.6mg/kg,變幅(fu)5.1-149.4mg/kg之間(jian),速(su)效鉀含量(liang)71mg/kg,變幅(fu)在14-397mg/kg之間(jian),Ph值變幅(fu)范(fan)圍4.40-7.9。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:陽山(shan)縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)(feng)富。一(yi)是地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)充裕,屬(shu)珠江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域北(bei)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系,境(jing)內小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)(liu)眾多,集雨(yu)面積(ji)100平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里以上的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)、支(zhi)河(he)流(liu)(liu)有13條(tiao),流(liu)(liu)大多屬(shu)山(shan)區(qu)型(xing)(xing),縣(xian)境(jing)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)79.08億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(不(bu)(bu)含過(guo)境(jing)客水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)),過(guo)境(jing)客水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)38.6億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。已建中型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)3宗、小(xiao)(一(yi))型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)11宗、小(xiao)(二)型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)38宗,較大的(de)(de)(de)塘壩129宗,總(zong)控制集雨(yu)面積(ji)252.29平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里,總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容1.096億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),農業灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)大部分(fen)(fen)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)。二是地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)較多。地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有冷泉(quan)、溫(wen)(wen)泉(quan)。冷泉(quan)也稱巖(yan)(yan)(yan)洞水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(多屬(shu)礦泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui))遍布全(quan)縣(xian)。按測流(liu)(liu)法計(ji)算基巖(yan)(yan)(yan)裂(lie)間(jian)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和巖(yan)(yan)(yan)溶水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)天(tian)然(ran)排泄量(liang)計(ji),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)428.26萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),相(xiang)當(dang)于15.63億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)/年(nian)(nian)。這(zhe)些地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),有效地(di)(di)補充了縣(xian)內部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)耕地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況:本縣(xian)屬(shu)南亞(ya)熱帶向中亞(ya)熱帶過(guo)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu),春秋(qiu)短而夏日長,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)大,溫(wen)(wen)、光(guang)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)(feng)富,四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)明(ming),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和,雨(yu)量(liang)充沛。域內山(shan)地(di)(di)比平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)低、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)熱時(shi)空(kong)分(fen)(fen)布不(bu)(bu)均(jun),形(xing)(xing)成明(ming)顯山(shan)區(qu)立(li)體(ti)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)最高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在7-8月,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)23℃-28.50℃,極端(duan)最高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)35℃-41℃。最低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在1-2月,極度(du)(du)最低溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)-8℃-3.2℃,無霜期為(wei)(wei)270-310天(tian)。光(guang)能豐(feng)(feng)裕,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照總(zong)時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)1568.3小(xiao)時(shi),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)總(zong)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1500-2200毫米(mi),雨(yu)季(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)在4-6月,其(qi)次是7-9月。
外(wai)在感(gan)官特征:陽(yang)山西(xi)洋菜(cai)(cai)植株一般長30-40cm,莖(jing)粗(cu)(cu)約0.7cm,莖(jing)橫切面近(jin)圓,莖(jing)節有(you)抽生須根;色澤青綠(lv)色,葉為奇數羽狀復葉,葉片呈卵形(xing)或(huo)近(jin)圓形(xing);質(zhi)地脆嫩、多(duo)汁,清香(xiang)爽口(kou)。內在品質(zhi)指標:經(jing)檢(jian)測,陽(yang)山西(xi)洋菜(cai)(cai)含粗(cu)(cu)纖維(wei)≤1.2%,每百克含維(wei)生素C37-55毫克,除(chu)此之外(wai),還富含鐵、鋅、含鈣、含磷等營(ying)養成分(fen)。安全(quan)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):陽(yang)山西(xi)洋菜(cai)(cai)產(chan)地環境要(yao)符合無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品蔬菜(cai)(cai)類產(chan)品產(chan)地環境條件的要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),產(chan)品質(zhi)量符合無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)品標準要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。