2018年9月29日(ri),中(zhong)華人民共和國農業(ye)農村部正式批準對(dui)“黃田(tian)荔枝(zhi)(zhi)”實施國家農產品地理標志登(deng)記保(bao)護。荔枝(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)著(zhu)名的嶺南(nan)四(si)大(da)(da)佳(jia)果之一,色香味皆美,堪稱(cheng)“果王(wang)”。黃田(tian)荔枝(zhi)(zhi)的范(fan)圍主要是(shi)在(zai)寶安區。“黃田(tian)荔枝(zhi)(zhi)”深圳市寶安區種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)荔枝(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)初在(zai)主產區黃田(tian)開始(shi)了種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),而且(qie)品質好、規模大(da)(da),對(dui)外影(ying)響力大(da)(da),所以外界稱(cheng)“黃田(tian)荔枝(zhi)(zhi)”。
黃田荔枝產于(yu)廣東省(sheng)深圳市西北部寶安(an)區,南(nan)接深圳經(jing)濟特區,北連東莞(guan)市,東瀕大鵬(peng)灣,臨望香(xiang)港(gang)新界(jie)、元(yuan)朗(lang),地(di)域(yu)保護范圍覆蓋整個(ge)(ge)寶安(an)區航(hang)城街道(dao)的黃田、鐘屋、后瑞(rui)、草圍、九圍、三圍、鶴洲、利錦(jin)、黃麻布等(deng)9個(ge)(ge)社區(居民委員會(hui)),地(di)理位(wei)置地(di)理坐標(biao)為(wei)東經(jing)113°49′36″-113°54′50″,北緯(wei)22°33′28″~22°41′40″。現種植(zhi)面(mian)積175公(gong)頃(qing),年產量500噸。
地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:產(chan)區(qu)寶(bao)安(an)區(qu)地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)較為(wei)(wei)復雜,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)低(di)(di)山、丘(qiu)陵、臺(tai)地(di)(di)和平原(yuan),最高(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔為(wei)(wei)寶(bao)安(an)區(qu)大茅山377米(mi)。地(di)(di)勢(shi)東北高(gao)西(xi)(xi)南低(di)(di),東北部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)低(di)(di)山,中(zhong)部(bu)及北部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)陵臺(tai)地(di)(di),西(xi)(xi)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要是沖積(ji)平原(yuan),并殘存一些低(di)(di)丘(qiu),而西(xi)(xi)南海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)泥岸(an)(an),灘涂資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要山脈屬蓮花山系,由羊臺(tai)山、鳳凰(huang)山等構成海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)屏障。土壤條件(jian):產(chan)區(qu)土壤以微酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)沙質紅壤為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),土層深厚疏松、透氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能好(hao),保水(shui)(shui)(shui)保肥力(li)強,土壤pH 5.5~6.5。有(you)(you)(you)機質和礦物元素豐(feng)富,有(you)(you)(you)機質含量(liang)1%,富含腐殖(zhi)質,排水(shui)(shui)(shui)良好(hao)的(de)微酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)土。水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:全區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)93平方公(gong)里(li),海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)線長(chang)8.71公(gong)里(li)。轄(xia)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)力(li)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富,以海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)山脈為(wei)(wei)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺(ling),可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)東江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系和珠(zhu)江(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。域區(qu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)河流屬珠(zhu)江(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,有(you)(you)(you)大小(xiao)河流10余條且以山溪性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)河流為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),東江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系位于東部(bu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)觀瀾河;珠(zhu)江(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系位于西(xi)(xi)部(bu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)西(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)河、九圍河、三支渠。區(qu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)已建有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)、小(xiao)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)數十(shi)座(zuo),其中(zhong)中(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)有(you)(you)(you)三座(zuo),分(fen)別是羅田水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku):集(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)20km2,總庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)2600萬(wan)(wan)m3;石巖水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku):集(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)44km2,總庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)3180m3;鐵崗(gang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku):控制集(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)64km2,總庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)8010萬(wan)(wan)m3。氣(qi)候情(qing)況:寶(bao)安(an)區(qu)屬亞(ya)熱帶海(hai)(hai)洋性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)候,日照(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)足,雨(yu)量(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),溫(wen)(wen)差振幅小(xiao),年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)22.℃,7月(yue)份(fen)(fen)最高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)35°C,1月(yue)份(fen)(fen)最冷(leng)為(wei)(wei)5°C,年(nian)(nian)平均降雨(yu)量(liang)1450毫米(mi),且集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)在4-9月(yue)份(fen)(fen);年(nian)(nian)平均日照(zhao)(zhao)時數2134.2小(xiao)時,2-3月(yue)份(fen)(fen)日照(zhao)(zhao)最少,7月(yue)份(fen)(fen)日照(zhao)(zhao)最多(duo)。每年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)至翌年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)、少雨(yu),有(you)(you)(you)利于荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)開花結果;7-10月(yue)溫(wen)(wen)高(gao)多(duo)雨(yu),有(you)(you)(you)利于荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)梢生長(chang)。
外在(zai)感官(guan)特征:黃田(tian)荔(li)枝品種較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo),主要(yao)以桂(gui)(gui)味(wei)(wei)和糯(nuo)米糍(ci)為主。桂(gui)(gui)味(wei)(wei)荔(li)枝:果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)6月中下旬(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)鮮(xian)紅(hong)(hong)色或鮮(xian)紅(hong)(hong)帶墨綠色塊,中等大(da),單(dan)(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)≥16.0克,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)近似圓(yuan)形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)頂渾圓(yuan),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩(jian)(jian)平(ping),龜(gui)裂片(pian)凸(tu)起,裂紋明(ming)顯,裂片(pian)峰銳尖,稍刺手(shou),縫(feng)合線(xian)明(ming)顯。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)乳白(bai)色,質(zhi)厚(hou)實(shi),爽脆清甜,有桂(gui)(gui)花香味(wei)(wei),核小(xiao),多(duo)退化。糯(nuo)米糍(ci)荔(li)枝:果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)6月中下旬(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮鮮(xian)紅(hong)(hong)色,較(jiao)(jiao)大(da),單(dan)(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)≥20.0克,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)扁(bian)心形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)頂渾圓(yuan),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩(jian)(jian)一邊隆起,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗粗,斜生與果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩(jian)(jian)成(cheng)約(yue)45度斜角,龜(gui)裂片(pian)大(da),微隆,裂片(pian)峰平(ping)滑(hua),縫(feng)合線(xian)明(ming)顯,表面比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)滑(hua)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)半透明(ming)肉(rou)軟(ruan)滑(hua)細嫩,多(duo)汁,味(wei)(wei)濃甜,微香。內在(zai)品質(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao):黃田(tian)荔(li)枝營養價值(zhi)豐(feng)富(fu)。桂(gui)(gui)味(wei)(wei)可(ke)食率≥73%,可(ke)溶性(xing)固形(xing)物≥19%,100g果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)汁含維生素(su)(su)C≥18mg,可(ke)滴定酸度≤1.4g/kg;糯(nuo)米糍(ci)可(ke)食率≥81%,可(ke)溶性(xing)固形(xing)物≥17%,100g果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)汁含維生素(su)(su)C≥17mg,可(ke)滴定酸度≤1.45g/kg。安(an)全要(yao)求:產地環(huan)境、投入品使用和產品質(zhi)量均符合國(guo)家相關標(biao)準要(yao)求。