東山(shan)白沙枇(pi)杷(pa)呈鵝黃色,果形扁(bian)圓(yuan),平均單果重35克,肉(rou)厚皮薄易(yi)剝(bo),果肉(rou)潔(jie)白晶瑩,入(ru)口(kou)而化,甘甜微酸、風味濃郁,爽口(kou)不膩,汁多核小、可食率(lv)高。品質優(you)。
蘇州市吳(wu)中區東山鎮(zhen)所轄渡(du)口村(cun)(cun)(cun)、渡(du)橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、吳(wu)巷村(cun)(cun)(cun)、潦(liao)里村(cun)(cun)(cun)、新潦(liao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、雙灣村(cun)(cun)(cun)、太(tai)湖村(cun)(cun)(cun)、莫厘村(cun)(cun)(cun)、碧螺村(cun)(cun)(cun)、楊灣村(cun)(cun)(cun)、陸巷村(cun)(cun)(cun)、三山村(cun)(cun)(cun)、洞(dong)庭社區共計13個行政(zheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(社區)。地理坐(zuo)標為(wei)東經120°20′~120°27′,北(bei)緯31°00′~31°07′,種植面積在1666公(gong)頃。
土(tu)壤(rang)地貌(mao)情況:蘇州東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地處長(chang)(chang)江中(zhong)下游太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)流域(yu)之濱(bin),是(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)座半(ban)島(dao),被東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈分(fen)成(cheng)前山(shan)(shan)(shan)和后山(shan)(shan)(shan)兩部分(fen),呈東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)——西(xi)南走(zou)向(xiang),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高、西(xi)南低。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)地貌(mao)主要為低山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)前平(ping)原和濱(bin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)灘地等類型,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)總(zong)面積96.55平(ping)方千米(mi)(mi),其(qi)中(zhong)陸地面積50.5平(ping)方千米(mi)(mi),占52.3%。栽培區域(yu)土(tu)層深厚、土(tu)壤(rang)肥沃(wo),以石質黃土(tu)、深厚肥沃(wo)的(de)沙土(tu)構成(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地、平(ping)原果(guo)園土(tu)壤(rang),養分(fen)充足,pH約為6.7,有(you)機質含量3.65%,適(shi)宜果(guo)茶(cha)林生長(chang)(chang)。水文情況:東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)半(ban)島(dao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)、西(xi)、南三面環太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)境內擁有(you)大小37條河(he)道。渡水港(gang)(gang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)起小北(bei)(bei)(bei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)口,西(xi)南至白(bai)浮(fu)門出太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu),縱貫(guan)境域(yu),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)(chang)12千米(mi)(mi)。大缺港(gang)(gang)地處東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei),橫越(yue)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi),連(lian)接(jie)小北(bei)(bei)(bei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)與(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu),隔岸即臨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)鎮(zhen),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)(chang)3千米(mi)(mi)。雕鶚(e)河(he)通渡水港(gang)(gang),在擺渡口與(yu)大缺港(gang)(gang)交匯后入臨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)境,與(yu)黃洋灣(wan)相接(jie),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)(chang)3.5千米(mi)(mi)。栽培區域(yu)的(de)澆灌水源(yuan)均為天然雨水、太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水。
氣候情況:東山地處北亞熱(re)帶,具有明顯的(de)季風(feng)氣候特點,又受太湖小氣候環(huan)境影(ying)響,日照充足(zu),年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)16℃,平(ping)均濕(shi)度76%,溫(wen)暖濕(shi)潤,無(wu)霜期298天(tian),年平(ping)均降雨(yu)(yu)量1139㎜,雨(yu)(yu)水充沛。
人文歷(li)史情(qing)況:東(dong)(dong)山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)是全國(guo)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)沙類枇(pi)杷(pa)(pa)的(de)主產(chan)(chan)區(qu),是全國(guo)枇(pi)杷(pa)(pa)傳統四大產(chan)(chan)區(qu)之(zhi)一(yi),也是全國(guo)枇(pi)杷(pa)(pa)栽培(pei)(pei)的(de)最北緣地區(qu)。東(dong)(dong)山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)環(huan)境優(you)越,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)豐富,在農(nong)戶長(chang)期精(jing)心(xin)栽培(pei)(pei)和自(zi)然條件影響下,果(guo)茶間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了特殊的(de)果(guo)茶間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽培(pei)(pei)模式(shi)并沿用至今。東(dong)(dong)山(shan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)(pa)栽培(pei)(pei)歷(li)史悠久(jiu),各(ge)(ge)代白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)(pa)均(jun)是當地農(nong)民、科(ke)研人員精(jing)心(xin)選育和自(zi)然選擇的(de)結(jie)果(guo),先(xian)后(hou)(hou)有(you)“金罐”、“銀罐”、“雞蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”、“照種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”、“白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)玉”、“冠玉”等優(you)質(zhi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)沙品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。農(nong)戶遵循著綠肥(fei)還田、有(you)機循環(huan)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)方式(shi),將間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)茶樹(shu)修剪(jian)枝、園內雜草等覆于(yu)枇(pi)杷(pa)(pa)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)穴(xue)上(shang),同時開(kai)塘擴穴(xue),將國(guo)家首批種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)保護區(qu)——湖羊(yang)所產(chan)(chan)羊(yang)糞腐熟后(hou)(hou)施用,使(shi)得土壤肥(fei)沃,枇(pi)杷(pa)(pa)樹(shu)生長(chang)旺盛,生產(chan)(chan)出來的(de)東(dong)(dong)山(shan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)(pa)深受市場歡迎,并形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了一(yi)定(ding)的(de)規(gui)模,銷往江蘇、浙(zhe)江、上(shang)海、北京(jing)等全國(guo)各(ge)(ge)地,經濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)好,使(shi)得東(dong)(dong)山(shan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)(pa)成(cheng)(cheng)為東(dong)(dong)山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)第(di)一(yi)大果(guo)品。
感觀特征(zheng):東山白沙枇(pi)杷呈鵝黃色(se),果形(xing)扁(bian)圓,平(ping)均單(dan)果重35克,肉厚皮薄易剝,果肉潔(jie)白晶瑩,入口而化,甘甜微(wei)酸、風味濃郁,爽口不(bu)膩(ni),汁多(duo)核(he)小、可(ke)食(shi)(shi)率高。品(pin)質(zhi)優。內在品(pin)質(zhi):東山白沙枇(pi)杷可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物(wu)13%~16%,總酸(以檸檬酸計)0.20%~0.35%,含水(shui)率80%~90%,可(ke)食(shi)(shi)率70%~75%,維生素C 110~150 mg/kg。安(an)全要(yao)(yao)求(qiu):東山白沙枇(pi)杷主要(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境符(fu)合(he)綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境要(yao)(yao)求(qiu);產(chan)(chan)品(pin)也符(fu)合(he)綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。GB3095-1996大氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)標準(zhun) GB 20287 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)用微(wei)生物(wu)菌(jun)劑 GB4285-1989農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)安(an)全使用標準(zhun) GB 2763 食(shi)(shi)品(pin)安(an)全國家標準(zhun) 食(shi)(shi)品(pin)中農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)最大殘(can)留限量(liang) GB/T 8321(所有(you)(you)(you)部分) 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)合(he)理使用準(zhun)則 GB 12475 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)貯(zhu)運、銷(xiao)售(shou)和使用的防(fang)毒規程 NY/T 391 綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin) 產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境質(zhi)量(liang) NY/T 1667(所有(you)(you)(you)部分) 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)登記(ji)管(guan)理術(shu)語 NY/T 393-2013 《綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin) 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用準(zhun)則》 NY/T 394-2013 《綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin) 肥(fei)料(liao)(liao)使用準(zhun)則》 NY 525 有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)料(liao)(liao) NY/T 798 復合(he)微(wei)生物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)(liao) NY 884 生物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)。