鄱陽大(da)米外觀晶瑩(ying)剔透,具有(you)(you)光(guang)澤,米粒長柱形;米飯潔白香醇、爽滑、有(you)(you)嚼勁(jing),適口性好(hao),冷(leng)卻后不(bu)回生。
鄱(po)陽大(da)米保(bao)護(hu)區域地處(chu)鄱(po)陽湖平(ping)原,土壤以水稻(dao)土、潮土、草甸土為主(zhu),富含有機質,養分充(chong)(chong)足;土壤土層深(shen)厚,蓄水能力強(qiang),pH值5.8-6.5之間,耕性良好(hao)。鄱(po)陽大(da)米保(bao)護(hu)區域屬典(dian)型的(de)中亞熱帶(dai)季風(feng)氣候(hou)區,四季分明,熱量(liang)(liang)豐富,雨量(liang)(liang)充(chong)(chong)沛,水資源豐富,年(nian)平(ping)均日照數2098h,太陽輻射數為115千(qian)卡/平(ping)方厘米,平(ping)均氣溫17.5℃,年(nian)平(ping)均降雨量(liang)(liang)1620mm,全(quan)年(nian)無霜期275d,年(nian)平(ping)均相對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)77%。9月平(ping)均溫度(du)25.6℃,晝夜溫差達10℃,雨量(liang)(liang)中等,有利于一季稻(dao)的(de)灌(guan)漿(jiang)結(jie)實,促進稻(dao)米香(xiang)味物質含量(liang)(liang)的(de)提高和減少(shao)稻(dao)米堊(e)白的(de)形成。獨特的(de)自(zi)然生態條件十分適(shi)宜優質水稻(dao)的(de)生長。
鄱(po)陽大(da)米保護區域位(wei)于(yu)江(jiang)西省鄱(po)陽縣,包括謝家灘(tan)鎮、石門街(jie)(jie)(jie)鎮、油墩街(jie)(jie)(jie)鎮、田(tian)(tian)畈(fan)街(jie)(jie)(jie)鎮、金盤嶺鎮、凰崗鎮、雙港鎮、古縣渡(du)鎮、饒豐鎮、樂(le)豐鎮、響水(shui)灘(tan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、枧田(tian)(tian)街(jie)(jie)(jie)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、柘(zhe)港鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、鴉(ya)鵲湖(hu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、游城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三廟(miao)前鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蓮湖(hu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蘆田(tian)(tian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)18個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮401個行政村;保護范圍(wei)位(wei)于(yu)東經116°35′37″-117°00′03″,北緯28°48′30″-29°36′35″之間。保護規模為66000公頃(qing),年產量514000噸。
(1)外(wai)在感觀特征(zheng):鄱陽(yang)大(da)米外(wai)觀晶瑩剔透,具有光澤(ze),米粒長柱形;米飯潔白(bai)香醇、爽(shuang)滑、有嚼勁,適口性(xing)好,冷卻后不回生。(2)內在品質(zhi)指標:堊白(bai)粒率≤10%,直鏈(lian)淀粉含量(liang)15%-22%,膠稠度≥80mm,粒型(xing)長寬比3.0-4.0,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含量(liang)≥6%。(3)質(zhi)量(liang)安全要求:鄱陽(yang)大(da)米符合NY/T419《綠色食品 稻米》標準。
(1)產地(di)要(yao)求(qiu):選擇鄱(po)陽湖平(ping)原(yuan)區土層(ceng)深厚、地(di)勢平(ping)坦、排灌方便、集(ji)中連(lian)片的稻田進行種植,土壤pH以6.0-6.5為佳(jia)。
(2)品(pin)種選擇:選用(yong)黃(huang)華占、贛晚秈38號作為主要種植(zhi)品(pin)種。
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)產管(guan)理:①生(sheng)(sheng)育進程(cheng)(cheng)安排(pai)及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處(chu)理:為了保證大(da)米的(de)良好品質,鄱(po)陽大(da)米主要作(zuo)為中稻(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),根(gen)據鄱(po)陽湖區的(de)氣候特(te)點,每(mei)(mei)年(nian)安排(pai)在(zai)4月(yue)下旬(xun)至(zhi)5月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),8月(yue)下旬(xun)抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)揚花(hua),9月(yue)灌漿(jiang)結(jie)實(shi),10月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo),全生(sheng)(sheng)育期(qi)(qi)(qi)160-165d。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)做好選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)工作(zuo),并選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)咪(mi)鮮胺等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)劑進行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子消毒,嚴防(fang)(fang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傳病(bing)害(hai)。②播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)和(he)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培密度控(kong)制(zhi):為了保證獲(huo)(huo)得較高的(de)產量(liang)(liang)和(he)減(jian)少施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)從(cong)而促進稻(dao)米品質的(de)提高,鄱(po)陽大(da)米大(da)田(tian)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)1.5-2.0公(gong)(gong)斤/畝(mu),采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機插或拋(pao)(pao)秧方式進行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),機插秧齡控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)25天以(yi)(yi)內,栽(zai)(zai)(zai)插規格5寸×7寸,每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)插1.7-1.8萬蔸(dou),每(mei)(mei)蔸(dou)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)3-4根(gen)秧苗(miao)(miao);拋(pao)(pao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)秧齡控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)28d以(yi)(yi)內,每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)拋(pao)(pao)足(zu)1.8-2.0萬蔸(dou),每(mei)(mei)蔸(dou)3根(gen)秧苗(miao)(miao)。③肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料運(yun)籌:一(yi)般(ban)地力田(tian)塊畝(mu)施(shi)氮(dan)、磷、鉀的(de)量(liang)(liang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別為12-13公(gong)(gong)斤、6-7公(gong)(gong)斤和(he)12-13公(gong)(gong)斤。堅持(chi)(chi)有機無(wu)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配施(shi),冬季種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)紅花(hua)草,于(yu)(yu)盛花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)耕翻(fan)還田(tian),按照每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)每(mei)(mei)1000公(gong)(gong)斤紅花(hua)草鮮草減(jian)氮(dan)2公(gong)(gong)斤的(de)比例確定化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)。其中氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)按基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):粒(li)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為4:2:2:2施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)地前(qian)或整(zheng)(zheng)地時施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)后5-7d施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)孕穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),粒(li)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)齊穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作(zuo)底肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)耕時一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)按基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為6:4施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。④水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)管(guan)理做到薄(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)返青,濕潤分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo),達到15-16萬莖(jing)蘗(bo)數(shu)/畝(mu)時曬田(tian),幼穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)揚花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)保持(chi)(chi)田(tian)間(jian)淺(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)后干(gan)干(gan)濕濕壯籽,收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)前(qian)7天斷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。⑤病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)草害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)制(zhi):堅持(chi)(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)為主、綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)原則,做好農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)做好農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)基礎上(shang)綜合(he)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)香(xiang)根(gen)草誘(you)螟(ming)、性(xing)誘(you)劑誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)、頻(pin)振(zhen)燈(deng)殺蟲(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)技術措施(shi)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)。頻(pin)振(zhen)燈(deng)按每(mei)(mei)盞燈(deng)覆蓋面積15畝(mu)計(ji),燈(deng)與燈(deng)之間(jian)的(de)距離為100米。大(da)田(tian)主要搞好“三(san)(san)蟲(chong)(chong)三(san)(san)病(bing)”的(de)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),即:分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)盛期(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)二(er)化(hua)(hua)(hua)螟(ming),分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)孕穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)稻(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming),抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)灌漿(jiang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)稻(dao)飛虱,破口抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)稻(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)病(bing),孕穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)至(zhi)抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)紋枯病(bing)以(yi)(yi)及稻(dao)曲病(bing)。二(er)化(hua)(hua)(hua)螟(ming)和(he)稻(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2%阿維菌素,或10%稻(dao)騰進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)飛虱可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)70%吡蟲(chong)(chong)啉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)散粒(li)劑或25%吡蚜(ya)酮可(ke)(ke)濕性(xing)粉劑等(deng)(deng)進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)病(bing)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)春雷霉(mei)素、三(san)(san)環唑、稻(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)靈、瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)畢(bi)克(40%稻(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)靈與異稻(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)凈乳油)等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)劑進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi);紋枯病(bing)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)井岡霉(mei)素、井·蠟(la)(la)芽(ya)(井岡霉(mei)素與蠟(la)(la)質芽(ya)孢桿菌混劑)等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)劑進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)曲病(bing)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)前(qian)5-7d,每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)12.5%紋霉(mei)清水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑400-500毫升,或5%井岡霉(mei)素水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑400-500毫升,對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)50公(gong)(gong)斤噴霧。⑥生(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)檔案(an)管(guan)理:水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)全程(cheng)(cheng)記(ji)(ji)載,主要包括(kuo)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)和(he)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)時間(jian),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)出苗(miao)(miao)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)、成(cheng)熟等(deng)(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)育進程(cheng)(cheng),農(nong)業(ye)投入(ru)品的(de)名稱、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時間(jian)、次(ci)數(shu)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方法、收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng),檔案(an)專人記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)、專人保管(guan),記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)檔案(an)保管(guan)3年(nian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。
(4)產后處(chu)理:鄱陽(yang)大米收獲在(zai)穗黃、葉落、成(cheng)熟度達到85%-90%時進行(xing);要(yao)求(qiu)不同品種單(dan)獨收割、單(dan)獨晾曬(烘干)、單(dan)獨儲運(yun)、單(dan)獨加(jia)工、單(dan)獨包(bao)裝(zhuang);嚴(yan)禁(jin)瀝青路面翻(fan)曬,盡可能(neng)使用烘干機(ji)烘干;商品糧即時售賣,企業精選(xuan)加(jia)工;貯藏(zang)在(zai)避光、常溫、防(fang)潮、防(fang)鼠的倉(cang)庫;實行(xing)秸稈還田。
(1)符(fu)合下(xia)列條件(jian)的(de)單位和個人(ren)(ren),可以向登記(ji)證書持有人(ren)(ren)申(shen)請使(shi)用(yong)農產(chan)品地理標志(zhi):①生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)鄱(po)陽(yang)大(da)米(mi)(mi)產(chan)自登記(ji)確定的(de)地域(yu)范(fan)圍; ②已(yi)取得鄱(po)陽(yang)大(da)米(mi)(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)資質;③能夠嚴格按照規定的(de)質量技術(shu)規范(fan)組(zu)織開展生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)活動(dong);④具有鄱(po)陽(yang)大(da)米(mi)(mi)地理標志(zhi)農產(chan)品市場開發經(jing)營(ying)能力。使(shi)用(yong)鄱(po)陽(yang)大(da)米(mi)(mi)農產(chan)品地理標志(zhi),應當按照生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)年度與登記(ji)證書持有人(ren)(ren)簽訂(ding)使(shi)用(yong)協(xie)議(yi)(yi),在協(xie)議(yi)(yi)中載明使(shi)用(yong)數量、范(fan)圍和相關責任義務。
(2)農產(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)志使用(yong)人(ren)享有以(yi)下權利:①可(ke)以(yi)在產(chan)品及(ji)包裝(zhuang)上使用(yong)鄱(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)地理(li)標(biao)志(鄱(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)名稱和(he)公共標(biao)識(shi)圖(tu)案組合標(biao)注等(deng)); ②可(ke)以(yi)使用(yong)登記的鄱(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)地理(li)標(biao)志,進行產(chan)品宣傳和(he)參加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示及(ji)展(zhan)銷。
(3)鄱(po)陽大米(mi)(mi)地(di)(di)理(li)標志使用人應當履行(xing)以下(xia)義務:①自(zi)覺接(jie)受(shou)登記證(zheng)書持有人的監督檢查(cha);②保證(zheng)鄱(po)陽大米(mi)(mi)地(di)(di)理(li)標志農產品品質和信譽; ③正(zheng)確規(gui)范地(di)(di)使用鄱(po)陽大米(mi)(mi)地(di)(di)理(li)標志。
(4)鄱陽(yang)大米(mi)地理標(biao)志(zhi)生產(chan)經營(ying)者應當(dang)建立質(zhi)量控(kong)制追(zhui)溯體(ti)系,農產(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志(zhi)持(chi)有人(ren)和標(biao)志(zhi)使用人(ren)對鄱陽(yang)大米(mi)產(chan)品(pin)的質(zhi)量和信(xin)譽(yu)負(fu)責;
(5)任何單(dan)位和(he)個人(ren)不準偽造(zao)、冒(mao)用鄱陽大米地理(li)標志和(he)登記證書;
(6)鼓勵單位和(he)個人對鄱陽大米地理標志(zhi)進行社會監(jian)督(du)。