印(yin)(yin)度是(shi)(shi)僅次于(yu)中國之(zhi)后的第(di)二大(da)煙(yan)草種植國,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)第(di)四大(da)未加工煙(yan)葉出口國,印(yin)(yin)度2020年的煙(yan)草產(chan)量為76萬噸。煙(yan)草起源于(yu)中南美洲(zhou),1599年,葡萄(tao)牙(ya)人(ren)把煙(yan)草傳到(dao)印(yin)(yin)度。
印(yin)度(du)是世界上主要的(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)生(sheng)產(chan)國和(he)出口國之(zhi)一,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)種(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)約45萬公(gong)頃,約占(zhan)(zhan)全球煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)種(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)的(de)10%。過去5年,印(yin)度(du)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)平均年產(chan)量(liang)約為8億公(gong)斤(jin),約占(zhan)(zhan)全球煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)年產(chan)量(liang)的(de)9%。印(yin)度(du)境(jing)內的(de)主要煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)生(sheng)產(chan)地區分布在古吉(ji)(ji)拉特(te)邦(bang)(bang)、安得(de)拉邦(bang)(bang)、北(bei)方邦(bang)(bang)、卡納(na)塔(ta)克(ke)邦(bang)(bang)、西孟加拉邦(bang)(bang)、特(te)倫(lun)甘(gan)納(na)邦(bang)(bang)和(he)比哈爾邦(bang)(bang)。其中,古吉(ji)(ji)拉特(te)邦(bang)(bang)、安得(de)拉邦(bang)(bang)、北(bei)方邦(bang)(bang)、卡納(na)塔(ta)克(ke)邦(bang)(bang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)產(chan)量(liang)分別占(zhan)(zhan)該國煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)總產(chan)量(liang)的(de)45%、20%、15%和(he)8%左右。印(yin)度(du)生(sheng)產(chan)各種(zhong)類(lei)型的(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)制(zhi)品,包括卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、雪(xue)茄、嚼煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等。從煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)農業到煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)制(zhi)造業,再到煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)銷售與進出口產(chan)業,印(yin)度(du)全國共有約3600萬名煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)行業從業者。與其他煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)生(sheng)產(chan)國相比,印(yin)度(du)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)種(zhong)植、生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)出口成本(ben)較低。
印(yin)(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)是(shi)僅次(ci)于巴西的(de)(de)(de)第二大(da)煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)出(chu)(chu)口國(guo)。2021年,印(yin)(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)出(chu)(chu)口烤煙(yan)(yan)2774.2萬公斤(jin)(jin),出(chu)(chu)口額(e)(e)3.59億美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)。2022年1月至(zhi)8月,印(yin)(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)出(chu)(chu)口烤煙(yan)(yan)6855萬公斤(jin)(jin)。其中,8月烤煙(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)口量1522.4萬公斤(jin)(jin),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增長192.2%。2022年9月,印(yin)(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)出(chu)(chu)口額(e)(e)為(wei)1.252億美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增長了72%。印(yin)(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)向全球100多個國(guo)家出(chu)(chu)口煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie),主(zhu)要出(chu)(chu)口到(dao)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)利時(shi)、菲律賓、埃及、阿聯(lian)酋、德(de)國(guo)、尼泊爾、美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)等。在這些國(guo)家中,比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)利時(shi)是(shi)印(yin)(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)進口國(guo)。印(yin)(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)出(chu)(chu)口到(dao)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)利時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)約占總(zong)出(chu)(chu)口量的(de)(de)(de)17%,出(chu)(chu)口到(dao)菲律賓的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)約占總(zong)出(chu)(chu)口量的(de)(de)(de)12%。2021年,印(yin)(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)對比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)利時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)出(chu)(chu)口額(e)(e)為(wei)1.648億美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增長7%;對阿聯(lian)酋的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)出(chu)(chu)口額(e)(e)為(wei)1.346億美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan),對新加坡、美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)出(chu)(chu)口額(e)(e)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)3430萬美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)和3170萬美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)元(yuan)。
印(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)(du)政(zheng)府(fu)于1976年(nian)在安(an)得拉(la)邦成立了印(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)(du)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)。該委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)的職能是促進(jin)印(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)(du)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)發展,監督煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)產品的生產和(he)銷售,滿(man)足國內消費和(he)出(chu)口的需求。同時(shi),該委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)還會(hui)(hui)向(xiang)政(zheng)府(fu)提(ti)供相關建議,鼓勵和(he)贊助有(you)利于煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)發展的科學技術研究(jiu)。印(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)(du)商業(ye)(ye)和(he)工業(ye)(ye)部批準成立了煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)農福(fu)利基金,基金規模達25億印(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)(du)盧比(1印(yin)(yin)度(du)(du)(du)盧比約合人民幣0.08元)。
印度(du)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)模式比(bi)(bi)較特(te)別。在(zai)世界(jie)其(qi)他地區,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草產(chan)品(pin)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),卷(juan)(juan)(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)占各類(lei)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草產(chan)品(pin)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)總(zong)量(liang)的(de)(de)絕大部(bu)分。但是(shi)(shi)在(zai)印度(du),合法卷(juan)(juan)(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)僅占煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)總(zong)量(liang)的(de)(de)8%左右,包含嚼煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、手卷(juan)(juan)(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)內的(de)(de)29種品(pin)類(lei)及非法卷(juan)(juan)(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)占據(ju)了其(qi)余約(yue)(yue)92%的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)。盡管印度(du)人口約(yue)(yue)占全世界(jie)人口的(de)(de)五分之一,但印度(du)合法卷(juan)(juan)(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)占全球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)的(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)例不足(zu)2%,合法卷(juan)(juan)(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)人均消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)全球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)最低。與此同時,根(gen)據(ju)世界(jie)衛生組織的(de)(de)估計,全球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)約(yue)(yue)有3.5億無煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)產(chan)品(pin)用戶,其(qi)中69%在(zai)印度(du)。根(gen)據(ju)最近的(de)(de)全球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)成(cheng)人煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)調(diao)查報告(gao),雖然印度(du)28.6%的(de)(de)成(cheng)年(nian)人使用煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草產(chan)品(pin),但消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)合法卷(juan)(juan)(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)成(cheng)年(nian)人比(bi)(bi)例很低。
在過(guo)去的三(san)十(shi)年里,印度整體煙草(cao)消費量增加(jia)了50%,合(he)法(fa)卷(juan)煙在煙草(cao)總消費中的份(fen)額卻不(bu)斷下(xia)降(jiang)。較高的稅收導致合(he)法(fa)卷(juan)煙價格超出當地(di)許(xu)多消費者的承受能力,被(bei)認為是造成這種情況(kuang)的重要原(yuan)因之(zhi)一。