介紹
烏海市(shi)種植(zhi)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)始于(yu)20世紀60年(nian)代(dai),當時主要引進了(le)無核(he)白(bai)、龍(long)眼(yan)等若干(gan)品種進行試(shi)驗,引種成(cheng)功后陸續建(jian)(jian)(jian)立了(le)一批(pi)生產(chan)園并在庭院中(zhong)(zhong)同(tong)步發展。目前,全市(shi)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種植(zhi)面積2100多(duo)(duo)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),引入優良品種100多(duo)(duo)個。市(shi)委、市(shi)政(zheng)府制(zhi)(zhi)定了(le)有(you)機葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生產(chan)基地(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設的長遠發展規劃,因地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)宜、因勢(shi)利導,加大政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)引導扶(fu)持力(li)度,大力(li)扶(fu)持農業龍(long)頭(tou)企業發展,針對溫室(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設、育苗、生產(chan)種植(zhi)、釀酒(jiu)(jiu)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)收購價格、貸款貼息等制(zhi)(zhi)定了(le)一系列資(zi)金(jin)補貼政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)。確立了(le)2020年(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種植(zhi)基地(di)10萬(wan)畝,建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)莊(堡)、家庭酒(jiu)(jiu)莊、葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)莊園100家。同(tong)時葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)加工(gong)業大力(li)發展,內蒙古漢(han)森酒(jiu)(jiu)業集團(tuan)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)司,致力(li)于(yu)打造中(zhong)(zhong)國葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)的民族品牌。中(zhong)(zhong)國馳名商標漢(han)森干(gan)紅葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu),享譽國內外。漢(han)森葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)多(duo)(duo)次(ci)榮(rong)獲(huo)國內外博覽會(hui)金(jin)獎,漢(han)森上榜中(zhong)(zhong)國最(zui)具品牌價值500強(qiang)。
自然生(sheng)態環境和(he)人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:黃河(he)自寧夏石咀山(shan)市入境,縱(zong)穿烏海市,于鄂托克(ke)旗堿柜鄉出境,把全(quan)市分(fen)(fen)(fen)成(cheng)河(he)東、河(he)西兩部分(fen)(fen)(fen)。其(qi)地勢東、西高中(zhong)(zhong)間低;南(nan)高北(bei)(bei)低,形成(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)向槽形地勢。烏海地區土(tu)壤(rang)大部分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)灰漠土(tu)、棕鈣土(tu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)灰漠土(tu)含有(you)(you)機質0.8497%,全(quan)氮(dan)0.0729%,全(quan)磷(lin)(lin)0.0655%,全(quan)鉀1.90%,堿解氮(dan)49ppm磷(lin)(lin)10ppm鉀93ppm土(tu)含有(you)(you)機質0.9532%,全(quan)氮(dan)為(wei)0.0438%,全(quan)磷(lin)(lin)0.072%,全(quan)鉀1.92%,堿解氮(dan)49ppm磷(lin)(lin)8ppm鉀149ppm。
2、水文(wen)情(qing)況:烏海市河流均屬于黃河水系。黃河是全(quan)市農業用水的主要供(gong)水資源。黃河在灌(guan)水期(qi)的水溫在14—22℃之(zhi)間,礦化度(du)1克/升。?
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):烏(wu)海(hai)市地(di)處大(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)(lu)深處,是顯著(zhu)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)候,日照時間(jian)長,太陽輻射強,晝夜溫差大(da)(da)(da),氣(qi)(qi)候干燥,風沙大(da)(da)(da),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫9.0—9.2℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降雨(yu)量162.4—168.5毫米(mi),雨(yu)量主要集(ji)中在七(qi)到(dao)八月(yue)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均風速3.1—4.7米(mi)/秒;年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均相對濕度只(zhi)有43%;年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日照為3047.3—3227.4小時,全(quan)年(nian)(nian)無霜期156—165天,適合北方大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分農(nong)作物(wu)的(de)生長,特別是對葡(pu)萄(tao)的(de)種植極為有利(li)。?
4、人(ren)文(wen)歷(li)史情(qing)況:烏(wu)海市(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)始于二十(shi)世紀(ji)六十(shi)年代(dai),當時(shi)(shi)主要引(yin)進了無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)核白(bai)、龍眼(yan)、元白(bai)等(deng)若(ruo)干品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進行試驗(yan),引(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成功后陸續(xu)建(jian)立(li)了一(yi)(yi)批生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)園(yuan)并在庭院中同(tong)步(bu)發(fa)展(zhan)。目前,全市(shi)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)2000公(gong)頃,庭院葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)萬余株(zhu),引(yin)入(ru)優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)100多個,已成為內蒙古(gu)自治(zhi)區最大(da)的(de)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地。市(shi)政府已將葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)業列入(ru)了烏(wu)海市(shi)“十(shi)五”國民(min)經濟(ji)計(ji)劃,制定(ding)了無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地建(jian)設(she)的(de)長遠發(fa)展(zhan)規劃,出臺(tai)了多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優惠政策,鼓勵農民(min)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)。近幾年葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)步(bu)伐(fa)也大(da)大(da)加快,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)由最初(chu)的(de)13.3公(gong)頃發(fa)展(zhan)到現在的(de)2000公(gong)頃,主栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)展(zhan)到無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)核白(bai)、森田尼、巨峰、馬奶、龍眼(yan)等(deng)10多個品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)給果農帶來(lai)了可觀的(de)經濟(ji)效益,大(da)大(da)提高了他們的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)積(ji)極性,葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地初(chu)具規模。在中國葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)栽(zai)培(pei)區中,烏(wu)海地區屬于第Ш區---中溫區一(yi)(yi)個獨立(li)的(de)栽(zai)培(pei)區.被(bei)國內葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)學專家譽為“中國很有發(fa)展(zhan)前途(tu)的(de)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)栽(zai)培(pei)區”。所產(chan)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)含糖量高,酸(suan)度適中,色澤鮮艷,香氣濃郁(yu),病蟲害少(shao),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)農藥(yao)污染,品(pin)質極佳(jia),曾多次榮獲國家和自治(zhi)區獎。
地域范圍
烏海(hai)市位于內蒙古自治區西南(nan)(nan)部(bu),地處黃河(he)流域。東(dong)(dong)接鄂(e)爾多(duo)斯(si)(si)高原,與鄂(e)托克旗(qi)毗鄰;西靠賀蘭(lan)山(shan)的(de)(de)余脈—五虎山(shan),與阿拉善盟的(de)(de)阿拉善左旗(qi)接壤;北(bei)起烏蘭(lan)布和(he)沙漠的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)邊緣,與巴彥淖爾市的(de)(de)磴口(kou)、鄂(e)爾多(duo)斯(si)(si)市的(de)(de)鄂(e)托克旗(qi)交界;南(nan)(nan)至寧(ning)夏回族自治區的(de)(de)銀(yin)川平原,與石咀山(shan)市隔河(he)相望。轄區共3個建(jian)制(zhi)鎮,3個辦事處。北(bei)緯39°15′-39°52′,東(dong)(dong)經106°36′-107°06′。以卓資山(shan)為最(zui)高,主峰(feng)海(hai)拔2149.4米(mi),一(yi)般山(shan)地海(hai)拔1400-1800米(mi)。總生產面積2000公頃,年(nian)總產量18636噸。
品質特性特征
1、外在感官特征:無核白葡萄(tao):果(guo)皮(pi)顏色綠黃(huang)色;紅(hong)地(di)球葡萄(tao):蠟質厚,果(guo)粉勻,肉(rou)硬(ying)脆,種子深褐(he)色,顆粒內向一側及各果(guo)粒果(guo)蒂(di)周圍(wei)也著色鮮紅(hong);森田尼(ni)葡萄(tao):淡(dan)黃(huang)綠色,果(guo)粉完整。?
2、內在(zai)品質指標:無核白(bai)葡萄(tao)采(cai)(cai)收時的(de)可溶性(xing)固(gu)(gu)形(xing)(xing)物含量(liang)達(da)(da)到19%以上,含酸量(liang)在(zai)0.5%左右。紅地球葡萄(tao)采(cai)(cai)收時的(de)可溶性(xing)固(gu)(gu)形(xing)(xing)物含量(liang)用折光(guang)糖(tang)度(du)測定糖(tang)度(du)達(da)(da)18%以上。森田尼(ni)葡萄(tao)采(cai)(cai)收時的(de)可溶性(xing)固(gu)(gu)形(xing)(xing)物含量(liang)達(da)(da)到17%以上。
生產方式
1、產地(di)選擇與(yu)特殊內容規定:土壤含鹽量不高于(yu)0.3%,以沙(sha)壤土、壤土為宜,pH值不大于(yu)8.5,地(di)下水位高于(yu)1.0m;對滲漏較重(zhong),持水率差的(de)礪質土要進(jin)行改(gai)良。?
2、品(pin)(pin)種選擇與特定要求:適(shi)宜(yi)品(pin)(pin)種:無核白、紅地球(qiu)、龍(long)眼(yan)、玫(mei)瑰香、巨峰、森田尼等(deng)(deng)。紅葡(pu)萄酒品(pin)(pin)種:赤霞(xia)(xia)珠(zhu)、品(pin)(pin)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)珠(zhu)、蛇龍(long)珠(zhu)、梅鹿(lu)輒(zhe)(美樂(le))、西(xi)拉等(deng)(deng)。白葡(pu)萄酒品(pin)(pin)種:霞(xia)(xia)多麗(li)(li)(li)(li)、雷司令、瓊(qiong)瑤漿、長相思等(deng)(deng)。紅葡(pu)萄酒品(pin)(pin)種:赤霞(xia)(xia)珠(zhu)、品(pin)(pin)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)珠(zhu)、蛇龍(long)珠(zhu)、梅鹿(lu)輒(zhe)(美樂(le))、西(xi)拉等(deng)(deng)。白葡(pu)萄酒品(pin)(pin)種:霞(xia)(xia)多麗(li)(li)(li)(li)、雷司令、瓊(qiong)瑤漿、長相思等(deng)(deng)。