介紹
烏海市(shi)(shi)種(zhong)植(zhi)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)始于20世紀60年(nian)代,當時主要引(yin)進(jin)了(le)(le)(le)無核白、龍(long)眼等若干品種(zhong)進(jin)行試驗,引(yin)種(zhong)成功(gong)后陸續(xu)建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)一批(pi)生產(chan)園(yuan)并在(zai)庭院中同(tong)步發展(zhan)(zhan)。目前,全市(shi)(shi)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)2100多(duo)公頃,引(yin)入優良(liang)品種(zhong)100多(duo)個。市(shi)(shi)委、市(shi)(shi)政府制(zhi)定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)有機葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)生產(chan)基地(di)建(jian)設(she)的長(chang)遠發展(zhan)(zhan)規劃,因地(di)制(zhi)宜(yi)、因勢(shi)利導,加(jia)大政策引(yin)導扶持力(li)度,大力(li)扶持農業(ye)(ye)龍(long)頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan),針對溫(wen)室建(jian)設(she)、育苗、生產(chan)種(zhong)植(zhi)、釀酒(jiu)(jiu)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)收購價格、貸款貼息等制(zhi)定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)一系列(lie)資金補貼政策。確立(li)了(le)(le)(le)2020年(nian)建(jian)成葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)種(zhong)植(zhi)基地(di)10萬畝,建(jian)成酒(jiu)(jiu)莊(堡)、家庭酒(jiu)(jiu)莊、葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)莊園(yuan)100家。同(tong)時葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)加(jia)工業(ye)(ye)大力(li)發展(zhan)(zhan),內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古漢森(sen)酒(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)集團(tuan)有限公司,致力(li)于打(da)造中國(guo)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)的民族品牌。中國(guo)馳(chi)名商標漢森(sen)干紅葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu),享(xiang)譽(yu)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)外。漢森(sen)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)多(duo)次榮(rong)獲國(guo)內(nei)(nei)外博覽會金獎,漢森(sen)上榜中國(guo)最具品牌價值500強(qiang)。
自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況:黃河自寧夏石咀(ju)山市入(ru)境(jing),縱穿烏海(hai)市,于鄂托(tuo)克旗堿柜鄉出境(jing),把全(quan)(quan)市分(fen)成河東、河西兩部分(fen)。其地(di)勢東、西高中間低(di);南高北低(di),形(xing)(xing)成南北向槽形(xing)(xing)地(di)勢。烏海(hai)地(di)區土(tu)壤(rang)大部分(fen)為灰(hui)漠(mo)(mo)土(tu)、棕鈣土(tu),其中灰(hui)漠(mo)(mo)土(tu)含(han)有(you)機質(zhi)0.8497%,全(quan)(quan)氮(dan)(dan)0.0729%,全(quan)(quan)磷0.0655%,全(quan)(quan)鉀(jia)1.90%,堿解(jie)氮(dan)(dan)49ppm磷10ppm鉀(jia)93ppm土(tu)含(han)有(you)機質(zhi)0.9532%,全(quan)(quan)氮(dan)(dan)為0.0438%,全(quan)(quan)磷0.072%,全(quan)(quan)鉀(jia)1.92%,堿解(jie)氮(dan)(dan)49ppm磷8ppm鉀(jia)149ppm。
2、水(shui)文情況:烏海市河流均屬(shu)于黃河水(shui)系。黃河是全市農(nong)業用水(shui)的(de)主要供水(shui)資源。黃河在灌(guan)水(shui)期的(de)水(shui)溫(wen)在14—22℃之(zhi)間,礦(kuang)化度1克/升。?
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況:烏海市(shi)地處大陸深處,是(shi)(shi)顯著(zhu)的大陸性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou),日照時間長,太陽輻(fu)射強,晝夜溫(wen)差大,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)干燥,風(feng)沙大,年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)9.0—9.2℃,年(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)雨量162.4—168.5毫(hao)米(mi),雨量主要集(ji)中在七(qi)到八月。年(nian)平均(jun)風(feng)速3.1—4.7米(mi)/秒;年(nian)平均(jun)相對濕度只(zhi)有(you)43%;年(nian)平均(jun)日照為(wei)3047.3—3227.4小(xiao)時,全年(nian)無霜期156—165天,適(shi)合(he)北方大部(bu)分農(nong)作物的生長,特別是(shi)(shi)對葡(pu)萄(tao)的種植極(ji)為(wei)有(you)利。?
4、人文歷史(shi)情況(kuang):烏(wu)(wu)海(hai)市(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)葡(pu)萄(tao)始于二十(shi)世紀六十(shi)年代,當時主要引(yin)進(jin)了(le)無(wu)核(he)白(bai)、龍眼、元白(bai)等若干品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行試驗,引(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成功后陸續建(jian)立(li)(li)了(le)一(yi)(yi)批生(sheng)產園并在(zai)庭院(yuan)中(zhong)同步發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。目前(qian),全市(shi)葡(pu)萄(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)2000公(gong)頃,庭院(yuan)葡(pu)萄(tao)萬余株,引(yin)入優(you)良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)100多個,已成為內蒙古自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)(qu)最大的(de)葡(pu)萄(tao)生(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)。市(shi)政府已將葡(pu)萄(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業列入了(le)烏(wu)(wu)海(hai)市(shi)“十(shi)五”國(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟計劃,制定了(le)無(wu)公(gong)害葡(pu)萄(tao)生(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設的(de)長遠(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)劃,出臺(tai)了(le)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優(you)惠政策,鼓勵(li)農民(min)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)葡(pu)萄(tao)。近幾(ji)年葡(pu)萄(tao)生(sheng)產的(de)步伐(fa)也大大加快,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)由(you)最初的(de)13.3公(gong)頃發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到現在(zai)的(de)2000公(gong)頃,主栽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到無(wu)核(he)白(bai)、森田尼(ni)、巨峰、馬奶、龍眼等10多個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)葡(pu)萄(tao)的(de)同時給果農帶(dai)來了(le)可(ke)觀(guan)的(de)經(jing)濟效益,大大提高了(le)他們的(de)生(sheng)產積(ji)(ji)極性,葡(pu)萄(tao)生(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)初具規(gui)模。在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)葡(pu)萄(tao)栽培區(qu)(qu)(qu)中(zhong),烏(wu)(wu)海(hai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬于第(di)Ш區(qu)(qu)(qu)---中(zhong)溫區(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)個獨立(li)(li)的(de)栽培區(qu)(qu)(qu).被國(guo)內葡(pu)萄(tao)學專家譽為“中(zhong)國(guo)很有(you)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)途的(de)葡(pu)萄(tao)栽培區(qu)(qu)(qu)”。所產葡(pu)萄(tao)含糖量高,酸度適中(zhong),色澤鮮艷,香氣(qi)濃郁,病蟲害少,無(wu)農藥污染,品(pin)(pin)質極佳,曾多次(ci)榮(rong)獲國(guo)家和自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)(qu)獎。
地域范圍
烏(wu)海(hai)市位于(yu)內蒙古(gu)自治區西南部,地處黃河(he)流(liu)域。東接鄂(e)爾多斯高原,與鄂(e)托克旗(qi)(qi)毗鄰;西靠(kao)賀(he)蘭山(shan)的(de)余(yu)脈(mo)—五虎山(shan),與阿拉善盟的(de)阿拉善左旗(qi)(qi)接壤;北(bei)(bei)起烏(wu)蘭布和(he)沙漠(mo)的(de)東南邊緣,與巴彥淖爾市的(de)磴口、鄂(e)爾多斯市的(de)鄂(e)托克旗(qi)(qi)交界;南至寧夏回(hui)族(zu)自治區的(de)銀川平原,與石(shi)咀山(shan)市隔河(he)相望。轄區共3個建制鎮(zhen),3個辦(ban)事處。北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)39°15′-39°52′,東經106°36′-107°06′。以(yi)卓資山(shan)為最高,主峰海(hai)拔2149.4米(mi),一般山(shan)地海(hai)拔1400-1800米(mi)。總(zong)生(sheng)產面積2000公(gong)頃,年總(zong)產量18636噸。
品質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)官特征:無核白(bai)葡萄(tao):果(guo)皮(pi)顏色(se)(se)(se)綠黃色(se)(se)(se);紅地球葡萄(tao):蠟質厚,果(guo)粉勻,肉硬脆,種子(zi)深褐色(se)(se)(se),顆粒內向(xiang)一側及(ji)各(ge)果(guo)粒果(guo)蒂周(zhou)圍(wei)也著色(se)(se)(se)鮮紅;森(sen)田尼葡萄(tao):淡黃綠色(se)(se)(se),果(guo)粉完整(zheng)。?
2、內在品質指標:無核(he)白葡(pu)萄采(cai)收時(shi)(shi)的(de)可(ke)溶性固(gu)形(xing)物(wu)含量(liang)(liang)達到19%以上(shang),含酸量(liang)(liang)在0.5%左右。紅地球葡(pu)萄采(cai)收時(shi)(shi)的(de)可(ke)溶性固(gu)形(xing)物(wu)含量(liang)(liang)用折光(guang)糖(tang)度測定糖(tang)度達18%以上(shang)。森田尼葡(pu)萄采(cai)收時(shi)(shi)的(de)可(ke)溶性固(gu)形(xing)物(wu)含量(liang)(liang)達到17%以上(shang)。
生產方式
1、產(chan)地選擇與特殊(shu)內(nei)容規(gui)定:土(tu)壤含鹽量(liang)不(bu)高于(yu)(yu)0.3%,以沙壤土(tu)、壤土(tu)為宜,pH值不(bu)大于(yu)(yu)8.5,地下(xia)水(shui)位高于(yu)(yu)1.0m;對(dui)滲漏較重(zhong),持水(shui)率差的礪質土(tu)要進行改(gai)良。?
2、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特定要求:適宜(yi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):無核白(bai)(bai)、紅(hong)地球、龍(long)眼、玫瑰(gui)香、巨峰、森田尼等(deng)。紅(hong)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):赤(chi)霞(xia)(xia)珠(zhu)(zhu)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)麗(li)(li)珠(zhu)(zhu)、蛇龍(long)珠(zhu)(zhu)、梅(mei)鹿(lu)輒(美樂)、西(xi)拉等(deng)。白(bai)(bai)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):霞(xia)(xia)多(duo)麗(li)(li)、雷司令(ling)、瓊(qiong)瑤漿、長相思等(deng)。紅(hong)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):赤(chi)霞(xia)(xia)珠(zhu)(zhu)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)麗(li)(li)珠(zhu)(zhu)、蛇龍(long)珠(zhu)(zhu)、梅(mei)鹿(lu)輒(美樂)、西(xi)拉等(deng)。白(bai)(bai)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):霞(xia)(xia)多(duo)麗(li)(li)、雷司令(ling)、瓊(qiong)瑤漿、長相思等(deng)。