一.產品介紹
隆林(lin)(lin)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)是當地(di)少數民族(zu)傳統文化方(fang)式熏陶下經(jing)長期(qi)(qi)自然(ran)選擇而(er)形成的(de)地(di)方(fang)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)品種(zhong)。早在(zai)(zai)幾百年前隆林(lin)(lin)縣就(jiu)已飼(si)養山(shan)羊(yang)(yang),據查《西(xi)隆州志(zhi)》,自清康熙五年開始,即(ji)有關于馬、牛、羊(yang)(yang)、豬(zhu)、雞、鴨等物產的(de)記載。《隆林(lin)(lin)縣志(zhi)》記載“西(xi)南(nan)各(ge)地(di),多(duo)系石山(shan),石液性堿,羊(yang)(yang)出入(ru)舔之(zhi)能減少瘟(wen)疫,其地(di)宜于養羊(yang)(yang),故農民多(duo)以(yi)牧(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)為副業(ye)(ye),所在(zai)(zai)山(shan)弄數十群(qun)“。1987年收(shou)錄(lu)(lu)《廣西(xi)家畜(chu)家禽(qin)品種(zhong)志(zhi)》,2004年收(shou)錄(lu)(lu)到《中(zhong)國畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)(ye)名優產品薈萃》。 自明(ming)清時(shi)期(qi)(qi),隆林(lin)(lin)人即(ji)有用山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)血(xue)解斷腸(chang)草中(zhong)毒之(zhi)法,古典民間傳之(zhi)”斷腸(chang)草,人食之(zhi)立死,羊(yang)(yang)食而(er)肥,故中(zhong)毒者,用羊(yang)(yang)血(xue)灌之(zhi)可解”。自古以(yi)來,苗族(zu)人民在(zai)(zai)婚姻(yin)接新(xin)娘時(shi),常有男方(fang)牽羊(yang)(yang)去迎親的(de)習俗。凡遇婚喪大事(shi)、“跳跛節(jie)”、三月三、“償新(xin)節(jie)”、“火把節(jie)”都要殺羊(yang)(yang)。一直沿至現在(zai)(zai)。
二.自(zi)然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)情況:產地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)屬云貴高(gao)(gao)原東(dong)南邊(bian)緣,是個海拔較高(gao)(gao),以中(zhong)山(shan)為(wei)主,無平原的山(shan)區(qu)(qu)縣,素有“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)無三里平”之稱。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)結構(gou)有土山(shan)區(qu)(qu)和石山(shan)區(qu)(qu)兩類,山(shan)嶺連綿,山(shan)坡(po)與谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縱橫交錯,石峰土嶺林立,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形起伏(fu)不平,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)復雜(za),構(gou)成山(shan)區(qu)(qu)多(duo)(duo),水面少;陡坡(po)多(duo)(duo),平地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)少。 產區(qu)(qu)土壤(rang)中(zhong)性偏酸,pH值(zhi)5.5~7.5之間。土壤(rang)田較肥沃,土壤(rang)有機(ji)質較豐富。
(2)水(shui)文情況(kuang):產區水(shui)資源較豐富,境(jing)內河流(liu)屬(shu)珠江(jiang)流(liu)域西江(jiang)水(shui)系。流(liu)經隆林邊界的最(zui)大河流(liu)是紅水(shui)河(南(nan)盤江(jiang)),紅水(shui)河隆林段總長(chang)165km,境(jing)內有地下(xia)河14條(tiao),地下(xia)總流(liu)程為171.84km。 水(shui)質pH值在6.4~7.5之間(jian)變化,水(shui)的物(wu)理性質良好(hao),符合飲用水(shui)標(biao)準要求(qiu)。
(3)氣(qi)候情況(kuang):屬亞熱帶季風氣(qi)候,雨量(liang)充沛,日照(zhao)(zhao)充足,氣(qi)候溫(wen)暖(nuan),無霜期長。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數為1763.9h。 降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang):年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)1599.4mm,一年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)雨季主要集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在5月(yue)份~8月(yue)份。 氣(qi)溫(wen):境內差異大,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)為19.1℃,產(chan)地砂頁(ye)巖(yan)和(he)石灰巖(yan)為主,是低緯度,高海拔地區,夏無酷暑,冬無嚴寒。 由于(yu)這里特殊(shu)的(de)土壤地貌、水(shui)質(zhi)條件、氣(qi)候情況(kuang)和(he)豐富的(de)牧草,極符合山(shan)羊的(de)生態(tai)學(xue)特性,為隆林發展山(shan)羊產(chan)業奠定了(le)堅實的(de)基(ji)礎。
(4)人文歷(li)(li)史情況:產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)歷(li)(li)史悠(you)(you)久,早(zao)在(zai)幾百年(nian)前隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)縣(xian)就(jiu)已飼(si)養(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。古老(lao)縣(xian)志《西(xi)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)州志》——自(zi)(zi)清(qing)康(kang)熙五年(nian)開(kai)(kai)始,即有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)馬、牛、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、豬、雞(ji)、鴨等(deng)物產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載,《隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)縣(xian)志》——“西(xi)南各地(di)(di)(di)(di),多(duo)系石山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),石液(ye)性堿,羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出入舔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)少瘟疫,其地(di)(di)(di)(di)宜于養(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),故農民(min)(min)多(duo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)牧羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為副(fu)業,所在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)弄數十成(cheng)群”。自(zi)(zi)古以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來,產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)苗族(zu)人民(min)(min)在(zai)婚姻接(jie)新娘(niang)時,常有(you)(you)(you)男方(fang)牽羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)去接(jie)新的(de)(de)(de)習俗。隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)早(zao)已成(cheng)為當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)人民(min)(min)交往的(de)(de)(de)禮品(pin)(pin),直至(zhi)今天,隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)人仍以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)作為本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)珍貴產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)贈送給貴客佳賓。少數民(min)(min)族(zu)在(zai)民(min)(min)族(zu)節(jie)日如“跳跛”、“三(san)月三(san)” 節(jie)時,是日各家(jia)(jia)宰牛羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),祭(ji)(ji)祖拜墓,大(da)張宴會,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為上等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)(ji)品(pin)(pin)。隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)人歷(li)(li)來就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)用羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)招待(dai)貴客的(de)(de)(de)習俗,羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)癟湯是歷(li)(li)史悠(you)(you)久的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)人民(min)(min)上乘佳肴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),經常喝羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)癟湯能(neng)避寒(han)消暑,潤胃(wei)滋(zi)肝,養(yang)(yang)心益腎,消除(chu)疲勞,健康(kang)長壽。 自(zi)(zi)明、清(qing)時期,隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)人即有(you)(you)(you)用山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)血(xue)解(jie)斷(duan)(duan)腸草中毒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,古典民(min)(min)間傳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“斷(duan)(duan)腸草,人食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立死(si),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)食而肥,故中毒者,用羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)血(xue)灌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)解(jie)”,“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)血(xue)熬跌(die)打膏藥(yao)必(bi)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)于高山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中,大(da)者可(ke)百余(yu)斤,其心血(xue)與骨(gu)治跌(die)打損傷神(shen)效”。當(dang)胃(wei)腸不適、病者或產(chan)(chan)(chan)婦身(shen)體虛弱時,隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)人多(duo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吃山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)進行調養(yang)(yang),效果較好。 自(zi)(zi)1980年(nian)起,隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)各族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)持續地(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)展(zhan)評(ping)活動(dong),激(ji)勵了(le)(le)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)優(you)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)(duan)發(fa)展(zhan)。1979年(nian),廣(guang)西(xi)區(qu)畜(chu)(chu)牧局組織開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)對隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行調查(cha)、測定(ding),1987年(nian)將隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)(lie)入廣(guang)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),載入《廣(guang)西(xi)家(jia)(jia)畜(chu)(chu)家(jia)(jia)禽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志》;1991年(nian)起廣(guang)西(xi)區(qu)畜(chu)(chu)牧部門(men)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)課題三(san)年(nian);2002年(nian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)載入《中國(guo)畜(chu)(chu)牧業名優(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)薈萃》。 上級(ji)業務部門(men)每年(nian)均劃撥專(zhuan)項經費實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)工作;2001年(nian)由質量(liang)技(ji)術(shu)監督部門(men)組織,編制隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)綜合標(biao)準——“DB451331/T1-2002隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)評(ping)定(ding)”,“DB451331/T2-2002隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)繁育(yu)(yu)技(ji)術(shu)規程”,“DB451331/T3-2002隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)管理技(ji)術(shu)規程”,“DB451331/T4-2002隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)防(fang)疫技(ji)術(shu)規程”等(deng)四個標(biao)準,并發(fa)布實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)。2001年(nian)至(zhi)2003年(nian),國(guo)家(jia)(jia)質檢(jian)總局下達(da)了(le)(le)“50萬(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)農業標(biao)準化養(yang)(yang)殖示(shi)范項目(mu)”,項目(mu)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)總量(liang)達(da)50萬(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上并通過驗收。地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)政府出臺了(le)(le)激(ji)勵隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)系列(lie)(lie)政策,隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)發(fa)展(zhan)不斷(duan)(duan)壯大(da),年(nian)均增長達(da)8%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上。2007年(nian),廣(guang)西(xi)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)陸興畜(chu)(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)投(tou)資500萬(wan)元興建隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)(yu)基地(di)(di)(di)(di),該基地(di)(di)(di)(di)目(mu)前存欄隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)已達(da)600余(yu)只(zhi)(zhi),有(you)(you)(you)效帶動(dong)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)農戶發(fa)展(zhan)。2008年(nian)全縣(xian)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)達(da)8000戶,飼(si)養(yang)(yang)量(liang)14.2萬(wan)余(yu)只(zhi)(zhi)。
三.地域范圍
隆林山(shan)羊產于隆林各(ge)族自治(zhi)縣(xian)境(jing)內的德峨鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、豬場(chang)(chang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、克長鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蛇場(chang)(chang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、介(jie)廷鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、巖(yan)茶鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、隆或(huo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、金(jin)鐘山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、革步鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、天生橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、者浪(lang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、椏(ya)杈鎮(zhen)(zhen)、者保鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、平(ping)班鎮(zhen)(zhen)、沙梨鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新州鎮(zhen)(zhen)等(deng)16個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),其中主產區是德峨、豬場(chang)(chang)、蛇場(chang)(chang)、克長等(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為:東(dong)經104°47′~105°41′,北緯24°22′~24°59′,全縣(xian)總(zong)面積3552.96平(ping)方千米。年飼養20萬只(zhi),產量2000噸(dun)(按年出(chu)欄(lan)10萬只(zhi)計)。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感官特征:被毛:毛色(se)(se)(se)有(you)純(chun)白色(se)(se)(se)、純(chun)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)、黑(hei)白花(hua)、麻黃及褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)等,以黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)為主。腹下、四肢上(shang)部被毛和(he)(he)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)的鬃、鬣毛較(jiao)粗(cu)長(chang)。 體(ti)形特征:成年羊(yang)(yang)體(ti)型碩(shuo)大(da),體(ti)質結(jie)(jie)實(shi)勻稱(cheng),體(ti)軀似(si)長(chang)方型,背(bei)(bei)腰平直,肋(lei)骨開張,后(hou)軀稍高(gao),頭大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)適(shi)中(zhong),公(gong)、母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)均(jun)有(you)須、髯和(he)(he)角(jiao),角(jiao)扁平向上(shang)、向外、向后(hou)螺旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)彎曲,少數羊(yang)(yang)頸下有(you)肉(rou)垂(chui)。公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)鼻部稍隆起;母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)鼻梁(liang)平直,后(hou)跨(kua)比較(jiao)開闊,乳房較(jiao)發(fa)達(da),乳頭較(jiao)粗(cu)長(chang)。四肢端(duan)正(zheng)粗(cu)壯,肌(ji)肉(rou)發(fa)達(da)。 (2)內在品質指標:隆林山羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)質細嫩而有(you)彈性,顏色(se)(se)(se)鮮艷,結(jie)(jie)締(di)組織(zhi)少,脂肪(fang)(fang)堅實(shi)、色(se)(se)(se)白,背(bei)(bei)部脂肪(fang)(fang)分布均(jun)勻。其味鮮美(mei),膻(shan)、腥味小(xiao)(xiao)。 經檢測:羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)含(han)蛋白質18.5g/100g,脂肪(fang)(fang)1.71g/100g,水份75.4g/100g,膽固醇72mg/100g,鐵48.0mg/kg,鋅39.4mg/kg,硒(xi)0.0325mg/kg,羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)是低(di)能量(liang)高(gao)蛋白肉(rou)食(shi)品,各種微量(liang)元素含(han)量(liang)高(gao),膽固醇低(di)。
(3)安全規(gui)定:產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、銷售必須(xu)遵循《農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量安全法》、 《動物防疫法》、《種(zhong)畜(chu)禽(qin)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)條例》等(deng)相(xiang)關法律法規(gui)。按照無公害(hai)畜(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)標準,強(qiang)化對(dui)養殖基地的管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),加大(da)保種(zhong)選(xuan)育力度,實施規(gui)模化產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。通(tong)過引進(jin)和(he)吸(xi)收先進(jin)的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)技術(shu)來(lai)提高生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)效率(lv),降低(di)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)成本,提高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
(1)產地選擇(ze)與特殊內容規定:隆林山羊生活在云貴(gui)高原邊緣桂西北的隆林縣境內,氣(qi)候獨特,牧(mu)草種類繁多,質量(liang)優(you)良,工(gong)礦企業少,環境無污染,境內飲用(yong)水(shui)、大氣(qi)土壤均符合國家有關標準。
(2)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與特定(ding)要(yao)求:隆林(lin)山羊(yang)耐(nai)寒暑,耐(nai)粗牧(mu),生長發(fa)育快,性成熟早,繁(fan)殖(zhi)率高,抗病力強。品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)采取(qu)自然交配、個體選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)、純種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)殖(zhi)和保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育的(de)生產方式,建立隆林(lin)山羊(yang)優(you)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)核心群和保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)的(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純度(du)要(yao)求及質量等級評定(ding)應符合(he)DB451031/T1-2002規定(ding),即(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公羊(yang)為二級以上(shang),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母羊(yang)為三級以上(shang)。
(3)生產過程管理(li):
①飼養方式(shi):根據不(bu)同情況采(cai)取自(zi)然放牧(mu)、半放牧(mu)半舍飼和完全舍飼圈養等方式(shi),自(zi)然放牧(mu)采(cai)用(yong)純天(tian)然牧(mu)草,舍飼采(cai)用(yong)本土(tu)農(nong)作物及其產品(pin)或種(zhong)植(zhi)優良牧(mu)草,所使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)方或混合(he)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)品(pin)或半成(cheng)品(pin)飼料,要確保(bao)原料的(de)(de)(de)純正,達(da)到無公害飼料品(pin)質要求。全面推(tui)廣(guang)“三改(gai)(gai)三推(tui)”綜合(he)技術措施。即:一改(gai)(gai)只(zhi)放牧(mu)不(bu)補(bu)飼或少(shao)補(bu)飼的(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)放方式(shi),推(tui)廣(guang)日牧(mu)與夜(ye)補(bu)相結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)科學飼養管(guan)理新技術;二(er)改(gai)(gai)群牧(mu)亂交配(pei)、優劣不(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)習慣,推(tui)廣(guang)優種(zhong)優配(pei)新技術;三改(gai)(gai)不(bu)免疫(yi)接種(zhong)、保(bao)健意(yi)識差的(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)觀念,推(tui)廣(guang)定期(qi)健康檢查、免疫(yi)接種(zhong)和驅蟲(chong)保(bao)健管(guan)理技術。
②種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)飼(si)(si)(si)管:種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)預備期(qi)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)應(ying)增加玉米、豆餅(bing)、麥麩(fu)等精飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)喂量,配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)應(ying)加強運動(dong),以保證種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)產生(sheng)品(pin)質(zhi)優(you)良的(de)(de)精液。配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)復壯期(qi),精飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)喂給量不減,增加放牧(mu)時間。經過一(yi)段時間后(hou),再適量減少(shao)精料(liao)(liao)(liao),逐漸過渡到(dao)非配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)空(kong)懷期(qi)和(he)哺乳后(hou)期(qi)需(xu)要(yao)添(tian)加風干(gan)(gan)(gan)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao),同(tong)(tong)時應(ying)抓緊放牧(mu),使母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)快速復壯,爭取(qu)滿膘迎接配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。妊(ren)娠前(qian)期(qi)營(ying)養(yang)與空(kong)懷期(qi)相同(tong)(tong),放牧(mu)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)可滿足(zu)要(yao)求。妊(ren)娠后(hou)期(qi)需(xu)要(yao)足(zu)夠營(ying)養(yang)物(wu)質(zhi),應(ying)補給風干(gan)(gan)(gan)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、多汁飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)含蛋白(bai)質(zhi)、礦物(wu)質(zhi)、維(wei)生(sheng)素的(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。哺乳前(qian)期(qi)應(ying)保證母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang),適當增加風干(gan)(gan)(gan)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)豆餅(bing)、麩(fu)皮、魚粉、食鹽、多汁飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)等。
③飲水(shui)(shui)條件(jian):水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)以山泉、地頭水(shui)(shui)柜、水(shui)(shui)井為主,符合飲用水(shui)(shui)標準條件(jian)。
④羊(yang)舍(she)建設:選(xuan)擇背風向陽、地(di)(di)勢較(jiao)高、土質干燥(zao)的(de)地(di)(di)方建造。羊(yang)舍(she)為木樓二(er)層結構,羊(yang)床(chuang)離(li)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)50cm以上,每(mei)只羊(yang)占舍(she)內面(mian)(mian)積0.5m2~2.0m2。
⑤疫病防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):每年都適時進行(xing)口(kou)蹄疫、羊三防(fang)四聯(lian)苗等(deng)防(fang)疫注射,實行(xing)早春驅蟲和(he)夏(xia)秋藥浴;加(jia)強防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)羊羔病,提高羊羔成活率。
(4)產品收獲、屠宰技術(shu)規定:
①隆林山羊(yang)(yang)6月齡(ling)(ling)即可屠宰(zai),屠宰(zai)體重為:6月齡(ling)(ling)公羊(yang)(yang)20kg以(yi)上、母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)18kg以(yi)上;成(cheng)年公羊(yang)(yang)48kg以(yi)上、 母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)41kg以(yi)上。羯羊(yang)(yang)51kg以(yi)上。成(cheng)年羊(yang)(yang)屠宰(zai)率52.2%,凈肉率36.34%。
②隆(long)林山羊屠宰,需(xu)經產地檢疫和屠宰檢疫,檢疫按照(zhao)按照(zhao)動物檢疫規程進行。
(5)生產記錄(lu)(lu)要(yao)求:對養殖戶或(huo)養殖場所(suo)有羊只應準(zhun)確、可靠、完整進行記錄(lu)(lu),要(yao)求有購(gou)入(ru)、配種(zhong)(zhong)、產羔、增(zeng)重、飼(si)料消耗記錄(lu)(lu);種(zhong)(zhong)用管理記錄(lu)(lu);飼(si)料、飼(si)草(cao)來源、配方及各種(zhong)(zhong)添(tian)加劑使用記錄(lu)(lu);疫病(bing)防治記錄(lu)(lu);出(chu)欄銷(xiao)售記錄(lu)(lu)等。記錄(lu)(lu)保(bao)留2年以(yi)上。
六.包裝標識(shi)相關規定
(1)活體(ti)運輸標(biao)識(shi):隆林山(shan)羊活體(ti)外(wai)調運輸憑免疫(yi)(yi)耳(er)標(biao)、動物運輸檢疫(yi)(yi)證明、非疫(yi)(yi)區證明等證件運輸;種(zhong)羊外(wai)調的,加掛種(zhong)羊標(biao)識(shi)、非特(te)定疫(yi)(yi)病證明等。運輸車(che)輛(liang)搭(da)層分格裝(zhuang)(zhuang)羊(不宜整個車(che)箱混裝(zhuang)(zhuang)一大群),每格裝(zhuang)(zhuang)5只~10只,車(che)輛(liang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)卸(xie)后全面(mian)消毒。
(2)肉產(chan)品包(bao)裝(zhuang):依照羊肉質量分級標準,包(bao)裝(zhuang)規格為20 kg/箱~25kg/箱,冷凍貯(zhu)藏(zang),全程冷鏈運輸。貯(zhu)藏(zang)、運輸必須符合《家畜屠宰、加工(gong)企業(ye)獸醫衛生(sheng)規定》的要求。