產品介紹
茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)是全國(guo)著名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)落葉水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)之鄉(xiang),擁有(you)3萬(wan)(wan)畝茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)脆(cui)(cui)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、青脆(cui)(cui)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、脆(cui)(cui)紅(hong)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),是國(guo)家A級綠色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di),并(bing)(bing)向(xiang)周(zhou)邊(bian)輻射(she)達(da)五萬(wan)(wan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)畝,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)頗具規模(mo)和(he)特(te)色的(de)(de)現(xian)代農業生(sheng)(sheng)態示范園。 茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)千(qian)(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)鄉(xiang)、萬(wan)(wan)畝李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)園,凝四時精氣,匯天(tian)地(di)人(ren)和(he),聚生(sheng)(sheng)態之美,備休閑之樂。春賞李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)花香(xiang)雪海,九鼎金秋碩果(guo)(guo)彤,衣(yi)袖(xiu)猶藏茂(mao)(mao)(mao)州風,游伴爭食(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)青紅(hong)。 據《華陽國(guo)志》:“古汶(wen)山(shan)(shan)郡(jun)(今(jin)(jin)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian))崇(chong)伯鯀子娶有(you)莘氏女治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)……汶(wen)山(shan)(shan)郡(jun)的(de)(de)涂禹(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)禹(yu)(yu)。禹(yu)(yu)治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)后(hou),滄海變(bian)良田(tian)。昔有(you)蜀(shu)山(shan)(shan)部(bu)族(zu)(zu)開(kai)拓桑麻桃李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”可見李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)子在(zai)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)栽植(zhi)(zhi)已有(you)幾千(qian)(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史。 公元前三千(qian)(qian)四百(bai)六十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八月初三,爾(er)(er)瑪(ma)(羌族(zu)(zu))蠶叢氏長子雅魯(lu)接任酋長后(hou)率部(bu)族(zu)(zu)依(yi)(yi)勢疏導山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui),使(shi)沼澤變(bian)牧場,牛(niu)、羊(yang)、馬,山(shan)(shan)地(di)繁衍、臺地(di)播種(zhong)爾(er)(er)咪(桃)撤依(yi)(yi)咪(李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)),五谷;五谷豐登。雅魯(lu)在(zai)汶(wen)山(shan)(shan)源出流經(jing)岷之小盆地(di)依(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)傍水(shui)(shui)建城堡,四周(zhou)廣(guang)植(zhi)(zhi)爾(er)(er)咪(桃)撤依(yi)(yi)咪(李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)),因其(qi)周(zhou)身是寶,將撤依(yi)(yi)咪(李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li))種(zhong)于巷陌。茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)為(wei)紀念(nian)(nian)他們為(wei)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)產(chan)業做出的(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)貢獻(xian),將兩片樹(shu)齡70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以上的(de)(de)老李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)園分別取名(ming)(ming)為(wei)“禹(yu)(yu)公李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)園”和(he)“雅魯(lu)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)園”。 爾(er)(er)瑪(ma)(羌族(zu)(zu))視李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)禮,在(zai)婚喪、服飾、咂酒和(he)冠禮中用李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)敬(jing)山(shan)(shan)神(shen)、天(tian)神(shen),求得(de)祝福和(he)保佑。民(min)(min)國(guo)24年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),楊家閣為(wei)幫(bang)紅(hong)四方(fang)面軍(jun)(jun)(jun)籌集軍(jun)(jun)(jun)糧,發動貧苦人(ren)民(min)(min)上山(shan)(shan)采摘李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)千(qian)(qian)余(yu)(yu)(yu)擔充(chong)饑(ji)、入藥(yao),同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,楊家閣壯烈犧牲。當地(di)百(bai)姓為(wei)紀念(nian)(nian)他栽植(zhi)(zhi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)百(bai)余(yu)(yu)(yu)株(zhu)(zhu),成(cheng)(cheng)活至今(jin)(jin)有(you)30余(yu)(yu)(yu)株(zhu)(zhu),取名(ming)(ming)為(wei)“家閣李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)”,距今(jin)(jin)70余(yu)(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。1935年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),紅(hong)四方(fang)面軍(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)群眾(zhong)為(wei)其(qi)籌集軍(jun)(jun)(jun)糧并(bing)(bing)采李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)充(chong)饑(ji),果(guo)(guo)核為(wei)藥(yao),為(wei)感謝羌族(zu)(zu)人(ren)民(min)(min),北上前為(wei)當地(di)栽植(zhi)(zhi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)五十余(yu)(yu)(yu)株(zhu)(zhu),成(cheng)(cheng)活至今(jin)(jin)有(you)十余(yu)(yu)(yu)株(zhu)(zhu),羌人(ren)現(xian)取名(ming)(ming)為(wei)“紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)”,距今(jin)(jin)70余(yu)(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。 目前茂(mao)(mao)(mao)縣(xian)境內仍有(you)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)5000余(yu)(yu)(yu)株(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)長開(kai)花結果(guo)(guo),其(qi)頑強(qiang)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命力如《爾(er)(er)雅》云(yun)(yun):“五沃之土,其(qi)木(mu)宜(yi)梅(mei)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”令(ling)人(ren)驚(jing)嘆(tan)。 這里盛產(chan)的(de)(de)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)子果(guo)(guo)面亮麗、光(guang)滑(hua)有(you)光(guang)澤、果(guo)(guo)粉厚,質(zhi)地(di)爽口脆(cui)(cui)嫩、香(xiang)氣濃郁,可溶(rong)性固形(xing)物高,果(guo)(guo)核離(li)核,可食(shi)(shi)率高達(da)97%以上,品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)上等,耐貯運,深(shen)受廣(guang)大(da)(da)消費(fei)者喜愛,售價達(da)7-10元/kg,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠(yuan)銷新(xin)加坡、日本、韓國(guo)、香(xiang)港、深(shen)圳、重慶、云(yun)(yun)南、貴州、西安(an)等地(di),產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益(yi),名(ming)(ming)聲遠(yuan)揚。
自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境和人文歷(li)史因素
茂(mao)縣(xian)李(li)產區(qu)地(di)處四(si)川省(sheng)茂(mao)縣(xian)南(nan)北部,地(di)形(xing)西北高(gao)、東南(nan)低,形(xing)態以(yi)中山深(shen)切割為(wei)(wei)特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian),屬四(si)川盆地(di)西緣山地(di),地(di)貌以(yi)高(gao)山峽谷地(di)帶為(wei)(wei)主。土壤有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)達2.85%-4.83%,PH值5.75-8.58,全氮(dan)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)0.142%-0.451%、富含(han)(han)磷(lin)、鉀,全磷(lin)0.104%-0.226%、全鉀2.5%-3.3%、水解氮(dan)70.95mg/kg-116.85mg/kg、有(you)(you)(you)效磷(lin)16.26mg/kg-555.2mg/kg、速效鉀79.10mg/kg-135.44mg/kg。土壤通透性(xing)好(hao),灌溉(gai)條件(jian)(jian)和排水性(xing)好(hao),非常適(shi)合(he)李(li)子(zi)生長(chang)發育,是(shi)種植(zhi)茂(mao)縣(xian)李(li)得天獨厚的(de)(de)自(zi)然條件(jian)(jian)。 茂(mao)縣(xian)屬高(gao)原型季風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候,受西風(feng)(feng)環流(liu)南(nan)支急流(liu)和印(yin)度洋西南(nan)風(feng)(feng)及地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌影響,形(xing)成時(shi)空變化大(da),小(xiao)氣(qi)候效應突出的(de)(de)特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)。 產區(qu)環境特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei):冬(dong)長(chang)夏(xia)短(duan)(duan)、春(chun)秋相(xiang)連,雨(yu)旱分明(ming),氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和,陽光(guang)充足(zu),河谷多風(feng)(feng);有(you)(you)(you)別(bie)于四(si)川盆周山地(di)及高(gao)原。與省(sheng)內(nei)其它李(li)產區(qu)相(xiang)比具備發展優質(zhi)李(li)的(de)(de)獨特(te)(te)環境條件(jian)(jian):一是(shi)海拔高(gao)度適(shi)宜,在海拔1470米(mi)-2300米(mi)之間,是(shi)茂(mao)縣(xian)李(li)生長(chang)的(de)(de)最(zui)佳(jia)海拔高(gao)度;二是(shi)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi) 溫(wen)(wen)適(shi)宜,該縣(xian)年(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.2℃,最(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-11.6℃,7月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度20.9℃,最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)32℃;三是(shi)光(guang)照(zhao)條件(jian)(jian)十分充沛,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)數1557.1小(xiao)時(shi),年(nian)總輻射(she)(she)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)100.90千(qian)卡(ka)(ka)/平(ping)方(fang)厘(li)米(mi),光(guang)合(he)有(you)(you)(you)效輻射(she)(she)49.50 千(qian)卡(ka)(ka)/平(ping)方(fang)厘(li)米(mi),適(shi)于李(li)子(zi)生長(chang)的(de)(de)4-9月(yue),有(you)(you)(you)效輻射(she)(she)量(liang)(liang)可達29.90千(qian)卡(ka)(ka)/平(ping)方(fang)厘(li)米(mi),約占總量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)60.5%;四(si)是(shi)全縣(xian)雨(yu)熱同季,溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)年(nian)較差(cha)小(xiao)、日較差(cha)達10℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang),年(nian)降(jiang)水偏少(shao),多年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)僅490.0mm,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)蒸發量(liang)(liang)1375.7mm。 綜上(shang)(shang)所述(shu):茂(mao)縣(xian)土壤有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)、礦物質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao),灌溉(gai)方(fang)便(bian),冬(dong)長(chang)夏(xia)短(duan)(duan)、溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)年(nian)較差(cha)小(xiao),日較差(cha)大(da),年(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)小(xiao),日照(zhao)充足(zu)的(de)(de)高(gao)原型季風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候獨特(te)(te)性(xing);形(xing)成茂(mao)縣(xian)李(li)果面(mian)亮麗(li),光(guang)滑有(you)(you)(you)光(guang)澤,果粉厚,質(zhi)地(di)爽口(kou)脆嫩,香氣(qi)濃郁,可溶(rong)性(xing)固(gu)形(xing)物高(gao)達14%,果核離核,可食率高(gao)達97%以(yi)上(shang)(shang),品質(zhi)上(shang)(shang)等(deng),耐貯運的(de)(de)獨特(te)(te)品質(zhi)。
地域范圍
茂縣(xian)李地(di)理標志地(di)域保(bao)護范圍包括鳳(feng)儀、南新和疊溪(xi)3個(ge)鎮和渭門、溝口、雅(ya)都、曲谷、洼(wa)底、白溪(xi)、三龍(long)、回(hui)龍(long)、黑虎、飛(fei)虹、太平(ping)、松坪(ping)、石(shi)大關13個(ge)鄉(xiang)。地(di)理坐標為:東經102°56′-104°10′,北(bei)(bei)緯31°25′-32°16′。茂縣(xian)位(wei)于川西北(bei)(bei)地(di)區,東與(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)川、安(an)縣(xian)、綿竹毗鄰,南與(yu)(yu)彭州市、汶川、什邡接(jie)壤,西與(yu)(yu)理縣(xian)、黑水相鄰,北(bei)(bei)與(yu)(yu)松潘(pan)連接(jie),南北(bei)(bei)長94.8公里(li),東西寬116.5公里(li)。保(bao)護面積2000公頃,年產量(liang)8.25萬噸。
品質特性特征
(1)獨(du)特感官特征(zheng):茂縣李果實(shi)整齊度好(hao)、果形端正(zheng),具有本(ben)品種(zhong)(zhong)的固有特征(zheng)果皮色澤,具有本(ben)品種(zhong)(zhong)成熟時應有的果肉色澤,李果面亮麗,光滑有光澤,果粉厚,質地(di)爽口脆嫩,香氣濃(nong)郁,果核(he)離核(he),品質上等(deng),耐貯運的獨(du)特品質。
(2)獨特(te)(te)內在品(pin)質指標:茂縣李(li)具有高糖低酸的品(pin)質特(te)(te)點,硬度大于10.4kg/平方厘米,可(ke)溶性固形物大于12.5%,可(ke)滴定酸小于1.06%,含糖量大于9.8%,可(ke)食(shi)率大于97%。