一.產品介紹
江安大白(bai)李又稱(cheng)江安李,品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)適應性廣,抗逆性強,結果(guo)(guo)(guo)期早,豐產(chan)穩產(chan),品(pin)質上乘,曾榮(rong)獲“四(si)川省優(you)質水果(guo)(guo)(guo)”殊榮(rong),被(bei)全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業高等院校(xiao)教(jiao)材定為國(guo)家地方(fang)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)實6月底成熟(shu),平(ping)均單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重25—35克,果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)清(qing)香脆嫩,汁多、味甜、離核,部分果(guo)(guo)(guo)實核腔內有(you)(you)黃白(bai)色膠狀分泌物,果(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)稱(cheng)之(zhi)為李子(zi)結“冰糖”。先后(hou)注(zhu)冊“趕場(chang)山”李子(zi)商(shang)標(biao),通過無公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)認證和綠色食品(pin)認證檢測合格。現有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積5000余畝、產(chan)量1500余噸。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
江安縣屬低山丘陵區,海拔在236-908米(mi)之間(jian),縣內(nei)除(chu)長 江外(wai),有(you)大小河溪145條(tiao),水資(zi)源豐(feng)富。產區氣(qi)(qi)候屬中亞熱帶四(si)川盆地濕(shi)潤氣(qi)(qi)候區,四(si)季分明,常年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫為18.1℃,年(nian)平均(jun)降水量為1132毫米(mi),年(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)數1199.3小時(shi),全年(nian)無霜期347天(tian)。土(tu)壤(rang)質(zhi)地以(yi)砂壤(rang)土(tu)為主,PH值在5.8-7.0之間(jian),中性偏酸,適宜江安大白李生長。
三.地域范圍
江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)安(an)大(da)白李產于四(si)川(chuan)省江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),位于長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上游,四(si)川(chuan)南(nan)緣(yuan),農(nong)產品地理(li)(li)標志地域保護范(fan)圍包括江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)所(suo)轄的江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)安(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、怡(yi)樂鎮(zhen)(zhen)、留耕鎮(zhen)(zhen)、夕佳山鎮(zhen)(zhen)、底蓬鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)井(jing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、紅橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、五礦鎮(zhen)(zhen)、陽(yang)春(chun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(原濫壩鄉(xiang))、桐梓鎮(zhen)(zhen)、水(shui)清(qing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、鐵清(qing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、迎安(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、四(si)面山鎮(zhen)(zhen),井(jing)口鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)妙鄉(xiang)、仁和(he)鄉(xiang)和(he)蟠龍(long)鄉(xiang)等15鎮(zhen)(zhen)3鄉(xiang)、297個(ge)行政村(cun)。地理(li)(li)坐標為東經104°57′40″-105°14′33,北(bei)緯28°22′20″-28°56′45″之間,東到(dao)瀘州市江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)陽(yang)區、納溪區,南(nan)到(dao)興文縣(xian)(xian)(xian),西(xi)到(dao)南(nan)溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、長寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian),北(bei)到(dao)自貢市富順縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。保護面積10萬畝,年產量(liang)11萬噸(dun)。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性(xing)特征
(1)外在(zai)感官品質:果實中(zhong)大,圓形、整齊,縫(feng)合線較明顯(xian),兩半(ban)較對稱,果頂(ding)平或凹。果面綠(lv)黃色,果粉厚。果肉(rou)綠(lv)黃色,肉(rou)質細膩,清香脆嫩,纖維(wei)少(shao),汁較多,味甜。核小,離核,品質佳。
(2)內在品(pin)質指標:江安大白李可食(shi)率≥92%,可溶(rong)性固形物≥11%。
(3)安全要求(qiu)(qiu):符(fu)合(he)《無公害食品 落葉核果類果品》NY5112-2005標準(zhun)要求(qiu)(qiu)。
五.特定生產方式
中耕(geng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園生(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)節降雨或(huo)(huo)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)后,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)中耕(geng)松土,中耕(geng)深度(du)5cm-10cm。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)期(qi):在(zai)(zai)落葉(xie)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后或(huo)(huo)李子萌芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)15天施(shi)(shi)(shi)積(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),秋(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)比春施(shi)(shi)(shi)好。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)年2-3次(ci),第一(yi)次(ci)在(zai)(zai)開花前(qian)(qian)(qian),第二次(ci)在(zai)(zai)硬(ying)核期(qi),第三次(ci)在(zai)(zai)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)后。施(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):秋(qiu)(qiu)季(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)收(shou)(shou)后施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru),以(yi)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主,混合少(shao)量化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量按1kg果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)2kg優質農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)計算。施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)以(yi)溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)為主,施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)部(bu)(bu)位在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠投影范圍內。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)為挖(wa)放射狀(zhuang)溝(gou)、環狀(zhuang)溝(gou)或(huo)(huo)平行狀(zhuang)溝(gou),溝(gou)深30-40cm。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei):在(zai)(zai)幼(you)齡樹(shu)和(he)(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實發(fa)育前(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi),每(mei)畝追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)氮磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實發(fa)育后期(qi)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg。距果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)收(shou)(shou)期(qi)20天內停止葉(xie)面追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。水(shui)(shui)分管理(li)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui):早(zao)春萌芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)灌(guan)一(yi)次(ci)水(shui)(shui),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實膨大(da)(da)期(qi)灌(guan)一(yi)次(ci)水(shui)(shui),秋(qiu)(qiu)末在(zai)(zai)上(shang)凍前(qian)(qian)(qian)灌(guan)一(yi)次(ci)封凍水(shui)(shui),有(you)條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園最好安裝(zhuang)滴灌(guan)系統。排水(shui)(shui):李樹(shu)喜濕但(dan)怕(pa)澇(lao),應設置排水(shui)(shui)系統,地面積(ji)水(shui)(shui)不利李樹(shu)正常生(sheng)長(chang),在(zai)(zai)多(duo)雨季(ji)節通過(guo)溝(gou)渠及(ji)時(shi)(shi)排水(shui)(shui)。整形(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 樹(shu)高(gao)2.5m左右,冠幅(fu)1.5m×2.0m,無主側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)(zai)中心干(gan)(gan)(gan)上(shang)著生(sheng)8-12個(ge)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,下(xia)部(bu)(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組較長(chang),上(shang)部(bu)(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組較短(duan)(duan)(duan)。修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)幼(you)樹(shu)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian):以(yi)整形(xing)為主,盡(jin)快擴(kuo)大(da)(da)樹(shu)冠,培養牢固的(de)(de)(de)骨架;對骨干(gan)(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適度(du)短(duan)(duan)(duan)截(jie),對非(fei)骨干(gan)(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)剪(jian)(jian)長(chang)放,提早(zao)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),逐漸培養各類結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian):前(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)保(bao)持樹(shu)勢平衡,中期(qi)要抑前(qian)(qian)(qian)促后,回(hui)縮更新,培養新的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,防止早(zao)衰和(he)(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部(bu)(bu)位外移。結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要不斷更新,采(cai)取“強枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)截(jie),弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)截(jie)”的(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)。衰老(lao)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian):采(cai)用(yong)回(hui)縮更新復壯的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa),促生(sheng)壯旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重短(duan)(duan)(duan)截(jie)生(sheng)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重新培養骨干(gan)(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延長(chang)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害防治技術病(bing)(bing)(bing)害:剪(jian)(jian)除越冬病(bing)(bing)(bing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),清掃(sao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園,除去病(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)和(he)(he)枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)噴5度(du)石(shi)硫(liu)合劑,展(zhan)葉(xie)后發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)噴0.5:1:100硫(liu)酸鋅石(shi)灰液(ye)1-2次(ci)。蟲(chong)害:藥(yao)物防治按GB4258農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)安全(quan)使用(yong)標準執行。結(jie)合秋(qiu)(qiu)耕(geng),深翻樹(shu)盤,使成蟲(chong)羽化不能爬出地面。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)6月中、下(xia)旬(xun)采(cai)收(shou)(shou),在(zai)(zai)接(jie)近完(wan)熟期(qi)(九(jiu)成熟)采(cai)收(shou)(shou),當果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面綠色(se)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)轉為淡黃色(se)時(shi)(shi)為完(wan)全(quan)成熟。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)人工手摘,輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,裝(zhuang)入(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱(xiang)內,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱(xiang)容器不易過(guo)大(da)(da)或(huo)(huo)過(guo)高(gao),每(mei)箱(xiang)裝(zhuang)5-10kg為宜(yi)。