蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又稱九(jiu)葉芙香草(cao)(cao),屬黃(huang)花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種。三國時隱士孟(meng)節獻煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)(cao)給諸(zhu)葛亮(liang),用(yong)以(yi)治(zhi)療瘴氣患者(zhe)。后來(lai)諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)六出祁山時,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)(cao)輾轉傳入甘肅,并(bing)廣(guang)泛種植于蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)、榆中、皋蘭(lan)(lan)、靖(jing)遠、永(yong)(yong)登、永(yong)(yong)靖(jing)、臨洮等地,而(er)以(yi)蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)五泉紅泥溝水(shui)灌溉種植的水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聲譽(yu)最(zui)高。蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)地處黃(huang)河沿岸,背山臨水(shui),多淡(dan)栗色(se)粉砂質(zhi)土壤,肥土層(ceng)深厚,含有豐(feng)富的石灰質(zhi)和鉀元素,十分有利于煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)(cao)的生(sheng)長。所產水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)絲、色(se)、味三絕(jue)聞名(ming)全國,有"蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天下無"之譽(yu)。
蘭州(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)分青、黃、綿(mian)3種(zhong)。青煙(yan)碧綠(lv),內顯純白(bai),色亮(liang)、味(wei)香、葉(xie)厚、油分足,品質(zhi)在黃、綿(mian)二煙(yan)之(zhi)上。中(zhong)(zhong)國是最早發現和應(ying)用(yong)煙(yan)草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)國家,在東漢(han)末(mo)年(nian)(公元年(nian)左右)的(de)(de)(de)《說文解字》中(zhong)(zhong)就有:“蔫(nian)、菸(yan)。從(cong)草(cao)焉聲(sheng)”。《滇南聞(wen)見錄》有:“種(zhong)蔫(nian)之(zhi)法”的(de)(de)(de)記載。說明當時及之(zhi)前漢(han)字“蔫(nian)”“菸(yan)”同義同聲(sheng),為(wei)(wei)煙(yan)草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)名字?煙(yan)草(cao)業(ye)很多人至(zhi)今仍(reng)寫(xie)(xie)作菸(yan)?。后因菸(yan)主要(yao)用(yong)來(lai)制煙(yan),也就用(yong)煙(yan)字代指菸(yan)。唐朝詩(shi)人劉禹錫(xi)在任郎州(zhou)司馬(ma)時?公元810年(nian)左右?,寫(xie)(xie)了一首頌(song)揚愛情的(de)(de)(de)《竹枝詞》:“馬(ma)鞭(bian)(bian)煙(yan)袋細細通,兩(liang)人相戀莫漏(lou)風;燕子銜泥(ni)口要(yao)緊,蠶兒挽(wan)絲在肚中(zhong)(zhong)。”是當時湘西民(min)間(jian)煙(yan)袋隨身攜帶用(yong)來(lai)當馬(ma)鞭(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)見聞(wen)。李(li)京元大德七年(nian)?公元1303年(nian)?著《云南志略》記載傣族、景頗族人有“嚼煙(yan)草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗嗜好”。明朝時期中(zhong)(zhong)國航海(hai)業(ye)發展,與海(hai)外交流增(zeng)多,煙(yan)草(cao)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)提高,成為(wei)(wei)廣泛種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)作物(wu),吸煙(yan)逐步成為(wei)(wei)各(ge)地民(min)間(jian)較普遍的(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗。
煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草含有多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)學成(cheng)分(fen),主要有碳水(shui)化(hua)合物、蛋白質、煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堿(jian)和礦物質。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堿(jian)的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣能刺激人(ren)的(de)(de)中(zhong)樞神(shen)經,使人(ren)興(xing)奮。在植(zhi)(zhi)物學分(fen)類(lei)中(zhong),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草歸(gui)茄科的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)屬,大(da)約包含60多(duo)個種(zhong)(zhong),成(cheng)為(wei)栽培(pei)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物的(de)(de)有紅花(hua)(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草種(zhong)(zhong)和黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草種(zhong)(zhong)。紅花(hua)(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)1910年開(kai)始(shi)在中(zhong)國(guo)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)威海等地試種(zhong)(zhong),30年代(dai)始(shi)在云南、貴州(zhou)等地大(da)面積(ji)推廣(guang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉用(yong)于制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)?主要是香煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)?。黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)曬煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),適宜在中(zhong)國(guo)北方種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉用(yong)于制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)嚼煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、鼻煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、旱煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。新疆(jiang)伊犁一(yi)帶曾種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)獲煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)莖桿加工(gong)莫合煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan);黑龍江(jiang)克山(shan)(shan)、依安、綏化(hua)等縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)蛤蟆煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan);山(shan)(shan)西曲(qu)沃、代(dai)縣(xian)部分(fen)地方曾種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)主要以旱煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)用(yong)。大(da)都種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)小、產量低(di),主要供應當地市場。甘(gan)肅(su)是中(zhong)國(guo)黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)主產區,歷史上蘭州(zhou)、榆中(zhong)、皋(gao)蘭、靖遠、臨洮、永登、成(cheng)縣(xian)、徽(hui)縣(xian)等川水(shui)地曾先后有過種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),主要用(yong)于加工(gong)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。
蘭州水煙(yan)可(ke)根據煙(yan)葉(xie)的品質(zhi),采(cai)用不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的配(pei)方,制成綠、黃(huang)、麻3種。其中綠水煙(yan)質(zhi)量最佳。它(ta)的主(zhu)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)青煙(yan),配(pei)料(liao)(liao)有胡麻油、碌石末子、槐花、紫花、白(bai)礬(fan)、冰片、香料(liao)(liao)、薄(bo)荷、當歸、川芎、蒼術、麝香等。內(nei)含(han)多種滋補藥(yao)(yao)料(liao)(liao),具有消瘴耐寒、提神順氣、預防蟲蛇咬傷(shang)等功(gong)效,是(shi)(shi)陰濕(shi)地(di)區(qu)和江(jiang)河海岸人民生活中不(bu)(bu)可(ke)缺少的“神藥(yao)(yao)”。
蘭州(zhou)生產水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)盛于明(ming)清(qing)、民國,至今(jin)已有300余年的歷(li)史。其(qi)制(zhi)作過程(cheng)是(shi):把寬大肥厚的翠(cui)綠煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie),去掉莖根陰干,加入(ru)槐花、紫花、堿、白礬、石(shi)膏等混合蒸(zheng)煮;并(bing)搓(cuo)以清(qing)油(you)、食鹽、姜黃;加入(ru)當歸、香(xiang)草、薄荷、川(chuan)芍、蒼(cang)術、冰片、跨香(xiang)等香(xiang)料,攪拌均勻,壓制(zhi)成一公尺見(jian)方的煙(yan)(yan)墩;再(zai)人工推成細絲,刨絲后(hou)在(zai)模具內壓成小方塊,即可(ke)包裝出售。根據制(zhi)作工藝的繁簡不同,蘭州(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)又可(ke)分(fen)為青、黃、綿(mian)煙(yan)(yan)三(san)種類型。過去蘭州(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)依其(qi)質量差別可(ke)分(fen)為"甘(gan)"、"肅(su)"、"合"、"作"四個(ge)等級(ji);而(er)新創的"蘭"字牌(pai)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)以色香(xiang)味(wei)形俱(ju)佳而(er)邁軼(yi)前代,被(bei)譽為煙(yan)(yan)中"王牌(pai)"。
蘭州水煙(yan)(yan)做(zuo)工精細,色澤清亮,絲(si)細條顯,氣味芬芳,為(wei)煙(yan)(yan)中佳品(pin)。吸用(yong)蘭州水煙(yan)(yan),有耐寒、提神、順氣、防蚊等功效(xiao)。蘭州水煙(yan)(yan)東出撞關后(hou),由于空氣變濕,綠色變白,又稱“銀絲(si)”或“白條”。這(zhe)時煙(yan)(yan)味也變得更(geng)加醇厚芳香,成為(wei)地氣潮濕、瘴氣彌漫的陰(yin)濕山區和低(di)洼濕地的消瘴"神藥"。
其一(yi),得天(tian)獨(du)厚的自(zi)然條件(jian),造就了上乘的煙(yan)葉品質(zhi)。在煙(yan)草生產中,由于(yu)土壤、氣(qi)候(hou)等原(yuan)因,形成(cheng)了一(yi)些著(zhu)名的優質(zhi)產地。
其二,絕無僅有的(de)配(pei)方(fang)(fang)及工(gong)藝,形(xing)成了獨特(te)的(de)功能。蘭州(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)因(yin)煙(yan)葉(xie)收(shou)獲方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)不同形(xing)成綠黃(huang)(huang)兩種顏(yan)色,又分(fen)別加(jia)工(gong)制成青(qing)(qing)煙(yan)和黃(huang)(huang)煙(yan)。青(qing)(qing)煙(yan)輔料(liao)為(wei)綠沫子和胡(hu)麻油(you),黃(huang)(huang)煙(yan)輔料(liao)為(wei)白鹽(yan)、姜黃(huang)(huang)、冰堿、香料(liao)和胡(hu)麻油(you)。蘭州(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)自古是作坊式(shi)(shi)手工(gong)生產,至今一直保持著傳統的(de)加(jia)工(gong)制作方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)。工(gong)藝流程為(wei):撕(si)筋→晾曬(shai)→配(pei)料(liao)→燜煙(yan)→壓把→推絲→壓方(fang)(fang)→出風→包(bao)裝→外運銷(xiao)售。每(mei)一工(gong)序又分(fen)若干小工(gong)序,并有嚴格的(de)工(gong)藝標準。完成全部工(gong)序黃(huang)(huang)煙(yan)約需一個(ge)月,青(qing)(qing)煙(yan)約需三(san)個(ge)月。蘭州(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)配(pei)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)獨特(te),加(jia)工(gong)之(zhi)精細,煙(yan)中惟(wei)此一品。
其三,科學的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)食方法及用具,有效的(de)(de)去(qu)除了(le)吸(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)不(bu)利面。民(min)間(jian)有詩云(yun):“黃銅船兒彎管桿(gan),水(shui)(shui)藏肚里鍋(guo)有眼;點火一吸(xi)(xi)咕嚕響,韭葉蕓香孔明傳。”形象生動的(de)(de)描寫(xie)了(le)蘭(lan)州水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)食過程和(he)用具。水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)袋民(min)間(jian)也(ye)稱水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)瓶。吸(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)時,瓶裝(zhuang)多半(ban)水(shui)(shui),邊點火邊吸(xi)(xi),瓶中(zhong)上部空間(jian)形成(cheng)負壓,致使煙(yan)(yan)絲燃燒時煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)從煙(yan)(yan)鍋(guo)細孔下行,穿水(shui)(shui)而過,經煙(yan)(yan)咀桿(gan)吸(xi)(xi)入(ru)口(kou)中(zhong)的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)得到水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)充(chong)分(fen)過濾凈化,防止了(le)吸(xi)(xi)煙(yan)(yan)對人(ren)身體的(de)(de)損害。
三(san)者有機的結合在一(yi)(yi)起,打造(zao)了蘭州水煙的珍(zhen)品形象,同時還創(chuang)造(zao)了三(san)個甘肅第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)、兩個中國第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)、一(yi)(yi)個世界(jie)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)。
長期(qi)以(yi)來(lai),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)能(neng)夠得到人(ren)們的(de)(de)喜愛,一方面由(you)于生(sheng)(sheng)產水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)的(de)(de)煙(yan)葉色美味香,葉厚油分足(zu),其制成(cheng)品青如碧綠,棉如金(jin)黃,既(ji)條顯色亮(liang),又絲(si)細而綿,獲得色、香、味三絕的(de)(de)美譽。另一方面,也(ye)與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)有(you)(you)(you)著奇獨的(de)(de)功效密不(bu)可分。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)消瘴(zhang)耐寒,防(fang)蟲蚊(wen)傷害(hai)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。特別是(shi)江南地區,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)田縱橫,地氣(qi)潮濕(shi)(shi),農民常下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)耕作,極容易受(shou)潮染病(bing),吸食水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)除了可以(yi)消濕(shi)(shi)防(fang)毒(du)之外,還可預防(fang)蟲蚊(wen)傷害(hai)。夏季有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)的(de)(de)動(dong)物如蛇、蝎等(deng),對(dui)人(ren)類危(wei)害(hai)極大,這些毒(du)蟲分泌(mi)的(de)(de)毒(du)液多含(han)酸性(xing),人(ren)若一旦被(bei)毒(du)蟲傷害(hai),用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)的(de)(de)鹽基性(xing)物如尼古丁、阿摩尼亞以(yi)解化之,普通用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)袋中的(de)(de)菸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂抹,可以(yi)立即(ji)見效。吸食者(zhe)體會,“凡生(sheng)(sheng)在崇山(shan)峻嶺、煙(yan)瘴(zhang)濕(shi)(shi)地,幾有(you)(you)(you)非吸煙(yan)草(cao)即(ji)喪生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)情(qing)勢”
①。吸食(shi)(shi)水(shui)煙(yan)還有消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)食(shi)(shi)之作(zuo)用,水(shui)煙(yan)中(zhong)含有酸類,在醫藥(yao)上(shang)是(shi)一(yi)種輕(qing)性消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)劑,人若(ruo)吃飯過(guo)飽,吸煙(yan)即(ji)能幫(bang)助消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)。北方(fang)各(ge)地,農民(min)終日勞作(zuo),疲(pi)憊不(bu)堪(kan),吸食(shi)(shi)水(shui)煙(yan)可(ke)以(yi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)乏解悶,舒暢心情,所以(yi)尤其(qi)農民(min)世代相(xiang)襲吸食(shi)(shi)水(shui)煙(yan)。至于(yu)達官貴人,則將其(qi)用來消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)遣提神,振(zhen)奮精神。在《蘭州瑣記》一(yi)文中(zhong),劍雄(xiong)曾稱:“土(tu)人無論(lun)男女,皆嗜水(shui)煙(yan),每入人家或(huo)飲食(shi)(shi)肆(si)中(zhong),煙(yan)氣四布,如(ru)在霧中(zhong)。校中(zhong)諸(zhu)生,亦各(ge)有煙(yan)袋,置諸(zhu)案上(shang),一(yi)至清晨,洗滌之聲,千百并作(zuo),禁(jin)之不(bu)能革。”
②據書生(sheng)言,吸煙(yan)在(zai)人與會爭辯(bian)之際,答(da)難解疑(yi)之間(jian)(jian),作文抒見之時(shi),每借煙(yan)之功,香味及香煙(yan)繚繞于空間(jian)(jian)和(he)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)中(zhong),往往會使(shi)人心平氣和(he),緩和(he)論(lun)戰之情勢,其功用妙在(zai)不(bu)解之中(zhong)。諸上水煙(yan)之種種奇特功效,自(zi)然(ran)使(shi)蘭(lan)州水煙(yan)美(mei)名(ming)四溢,吸者云集也就(jiu)不(bu)足為奇了,并且日益成(cheng)為人們日常生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)喜愛的佳品。
蘭(lan)州(zhou)種植(zhi)煙草歷史悠久。早在明朝萬歷公(gong)元1573年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)間,蘭(lan)州(zhou)以本地種植(zhi)的黃花煙葉為原料,開始加工水(shui)煙。1644年(nian)(nian)滿人入(ru)關(guan),大清取代明朝,以滿清貴族為主的上(shang)流社(she)會人士嗜好水(shui)煙,并漸成時尚。絲條整齊、色澤鮮亮(liang)、氣(qi)味(wei)芳香(xiang),被稱為“絲、色、味(wei)”三絕的蘭(lan)州(zhou)水(shui)煙,聲名鵲(que)起,需(xu)求日增(zeng)。清人黃釣宰著(zhu)《金(jin)壺七墨(mo)》中記:“乾隆中,蘭(lan)州(zhou)特(te)產煙絲,鋁銅為管,貯水(shui)而(er)吸”,說明蘭(lan)州(zhou)水(shui)煙到乾隆時期,已享(xiang)譽海內(nei),在全國樹起獨一(yi)無二的特(te)產地位。
清康雍乾時期(qi),社會逐步安(an)定,人(ren)民(min)(min)安(an)居(ju)樂業,經濟得(de)到(dao)發展,進入中(zhong)國(guo)歷史上(shang)少有的盛(sheng)世(shi)。蘭州水煙乘時而起,走向興盛(sheng),把民(min)(min)間習俗提升(sheng)為(wei)上(shang)流社會的風(feng)尚,光緒至民(min)(min)國(guo)初期(qi)達到(dao)極盛(sheng),使煙酒茶(cha)齊(qi)名(ming),成(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)民(min)(min)俗文(wen)化(hua)的重要組(zu)成(cheng)部分。
1.煙葉種植。黃(huang)花煙(yan)(yan)(yan)當地(di)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)農俗稱綠(lv)煙(yan)(yan)(yan),其生長發育及(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)質量(liang),與(yu)自(zi)(zi)然環(huan)境(jing)有(you)著密切(qie)關系(xi)。種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)高產(chan)(chan)(chan)優質煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉,不(bu)但需(xu)日照時(shi)(shi)間長,氣候土壤適(shi)宜,還需(xu)充足的(de)灌溉水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)。蘭州(zhou)郊區(qu)和榆(yu)中(zhong)川水(shui)(shui)地(di)區(qu),自(zi)(zi)古就是甘(gan)肅黃(huang)花煙(yan)(yan)(yan)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu),也是蘭州(zhou)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)最主要的(de)優質原(yuan)料種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基地(di)。蘭州(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)田(tian)除五泉(quan)引(yin)山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)澆(jiao)(jiao)灌外,雁灘(tan)、寧臥莊(zhuang)、鄭(zheng)家臺(tai)、土門墩(dun)均以水(shui)(shui)車(che)提引(yin)黃(huang)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)澆(jiao)(jiao)灌。榆(yu)中(zhong)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)田(tian)除青城(cheng)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)車(che)提引(yin)黃(huang)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)澆(jiao)(jiao)灌外,宛川河(he)(he)流域(yu)的(de)金崖、來紫(zi)堡、夏官(guan)營等鄉村均以泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)或井水(shui)(shui)澆(jiao)(jiao)灌。據民國時(shi)(shi)期的(de)《甘(gan)肅農業地(di)理》記載:全(quan)省(sheng)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)花煙(yan)(yan)(yan)農田(tian)面積(ji)(ji)一般在4萬畝左右,正常年(nian)景煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)1000萬斤上下(xia)。而榆(yu)中(zhong)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)田(tian)面積(ji)(ji)約占全(quan)省(sheng)總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)的(de)43%,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)達全(quan)省(sheng)總(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)的(de)67%。
2.蘭州水煙加工。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)絲先(xian)用杠(gang)桿將(jiang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)壓捆,再(zai)用推刨推出煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)絲,這種(zhong)手(shou)工(gong)(gong)作坊(fang)(fang),19世紀初數量(liang)增至140多家(jia),投(tou)資(zi)經營(ying)者多為(wei)(wei)(wei)蘭州、榆(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)、皋蘭人。由于利潤豐(feng)厚,一(yi)(yi)(yi)些陜商也來蘭投(tou)資(zi)經營(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)絲,如(ru)一(yi)(yi)(yi)林豐(feng)、協后成(cheng)(cheng)聯號,資(zi)金達100多萬(wan)兩白銀。榆(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)不但是最主要的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)種(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)地,也是主要的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)生產(chan)基(ji)地。青(qing)城盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie),且因黃(huang)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)運的(de)(de)優勢,清乾隆嘉慶時期,水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生產(chan)就進入鼎盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期。大小煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坊(fang)(fang)達百(bai)家(jia)以上,名(ming)氣較大的(de)(de)有(you)永豐(feng)成(cheng)(cheng)、玉順(shun)和、福(fu)豐(feng)泰等10多家(jia)。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)種(zhong)植(zhi)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)經營(ying),使青(qing)城興盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)200多年(nian),青(qing)磚(zhuan)綠瓦、雕梁畫壁的(de)(de)高堂華舍(she)比比皆是,求學出仕、舞文弄(nong)墨的(de)(de)社會名(ming)流層出不窮(qiong),成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)噪隴(long)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)富饒繁華之(zhi)地。宛川河(he)(he)地區主要是種(zhong)植(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie),向蘭州的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坊(fang)(fang)提供原料(liao),加(jia)工(gong)(gong)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)絲起(qi)步稍晚。19世紀20年(nian)代(dai),為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)降低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本,蘭州的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坊(fang)(fang)向榆(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)轉移,榆(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)新的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心,40年(nian)代(dai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作坊(fang)(fang)發展到60多家(jia)。實力雄厚的(de)(de)大作坊(fang)(fang)有(you)祖(zu)德泰、忠興成(cheng)(cheng)、長盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)榮等26家(jia),資(zi)本約400多萬(wan)銀元。1956年(nian)蘭州的(de)(de)22家(jia)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坊(fang)(fang)公(gong)私(si)合營(ying)組成(cheng)(cheng)蘭州水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)廠(chang),榆(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)24家(jia)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坊(fang)(fang)公(gong)私(si)合營(ying)組成(cheng)(cheng)國營(ying)榆(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)廠(chang)。省(sheng)有(you)關部門統一(yi)(yi)(yi)管理(li),共用“甘、肅、合、作”商標。后來蘭州不再(zai)種(zhong)植(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie),蘭州水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)廠(chang)也停(ting)產(chan)轉行。榆(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)蘭州水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惟一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)生產(chan)地。
3.水煙市場及運銷。蘭州水煙興盛(sheng)時市場(chang)東到(dao)魯蘇滬及東北(bei)各省;西(xi)達新疆、西(xi)藏;南至(zhi)閩浙、兩廣、云貴川;北(bei)及寧夏、山西(xi)、蒙古大(da)草原。基本覆蓋全國(guo),幾乎各省都有(you)市場(chang)。實力(li)雄厚的大(da)煙行在(zai)西(xi)安(an)、上海、南通(tong)、蘇州等要地(di)(di)設有(you)分號。中等以上煙行都派經(jing)銷(xiao)人員在(zai)漢(han)口、天津、包頭、洛陽、太原、成都、重慶、北(bei)京(jing)等大(da)城市駐莊批銷(xiao)。各地(di)(di)代(dai)理商不計其數,日(ri)雜店(dian)多(duo)有(you)經(jing)銷(xiao)。
清朝時(shi)(shi)期交通(tong)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)還(huan)十(shi)分落后。南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)方河(he)湖縱橫,稍有(you)木船(chuan)水(shui)運(yun)(yun)便利。北(bei)方陸路(lu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)主(zhu)要靠馬拉(la)騾馱,運(yun)(yun)銷線路(lu)主(zhu)要有(you)五條:一是東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)出平(ping)涼經(jing)(jing)(jing)西(xi)安(an)達漢口,裝船(chuan)沿(yan)長江順流而(er)下,經(jing)(jing)(jing)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)、鎮江到南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)通(tong)、上海,或從鎮江走運(yun)(yun)河(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)蘇(su)州(zhou)(zhou)到杭州(zhou)(zhou);二是南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)出天(tian)水(shui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)廣元抵成都(dou),或從寶雞南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)漢中,越巴山(shan)抵成都(dou)、重慶(qing),再轉運(yun)(yun)云南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)、貴州(zhou)(zhou);三是用駱駝(tuo)馱運(yun)(yun)沿(yan)河(he)西(xi)走廊(lang),經(jing)(jing)(jing)武威、張(zhang)掖(ye)、酒泉、哈密直達烏(wu)魯木齊;四是用皮筏子從青城裝貨,順黃河(he)漂銀川(chuan)到包頭,再用駱駝(tuo)運(yun)(yun)進張(zhang)家口而(er)達北(bei)京(jing)、天(tian)津;五是經(jing)(jing)(jing)西(xi)安(an)運(yun)(yun)至洛陽(yang),再分別北(bei)運(yun)(yun)山(shan)西(xi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)(yun)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、蘇(su)北(bei)。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)銷量很大,陸路(lu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)海關運(yun)(yun)到沈陽(yang),水(shui)路(lu)從上海、煙臺、天(tian)津等港口裝船(chuan),渡(du)海運(yun)(yun)到營口卸貨,再轉運(yun)(yun)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)各地(di)。
4.消費群體。黃花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)種(zhong)植需(xu)水(shui)肥(fei)多,用工(gong)(gong)(gong)多。煙(yan)(yan)絲加工(gong)(gong)(gong)完全依賴(lai)于手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong),效率低,勞(lao)動強度大(da)。同時(shi)(shi),路途之艱,運輸成(cheng)本之高,可想而知。到消費(fei)(fei)者手(shou)中的(de)(de)價格,自(zi)然奇(qi)貴(gui)無比。因此(ci),起初(chu)的(de)(de)消費(fei)(fei)群體主要是社(she)會(hui)上(shang)層人士。達官顯貴(gui)、商家富(fu)豪(hao)才(cai)能享用蘭(lan)州水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)。清末的(de)(de)慈禧太后、民(min)國初(chu)的(de)(de)曹(cao)錕總統(tong)就是那個時(shi)(shi)期水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)嗜(shi)好(hao)者的(de)(de)代表(biao)人物。后鄉紳地主、殷實商販也加入消費(fei)(fei)主流(liu)。隨著(zhu)交通條件的(de)(de)改善,運輸成(cheng)本的(de)(de)下降,市民(min)百姓也逐(zhu)步成(cheng)為(wei)蘭(lan)州水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)消費(fei)(fei)對(dui)象。茶館酒肆、書場戲園中手(shou)捧(peng)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)袋(dai)者定是休(xiu)閑貴(gui)客(ke);登門探親(qin),入宅訪友時(shi)(shi)若奉上(shang)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)袋(dai),必是敬上(shang)賓(bin)之禮。市場銷(xiao)售量最高時(shi)(shi)年(nian)銷(xiao)售水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)絲達1200萬斤以上(shang)。30年(nian)代,城(cheng)市中卷煙(yan)(yan)、香煙(yan)(yan)逐(zhu)漸(jian)流(liu)行(xing)起來,水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)市場重(zhong)心(xin)轉向鄉間,漁(yu)民(min)、牧民(min)、農民(min)成(cheng)為(wei)主要消費(fei)(fei)群體。
20世紀30年代后(hou),蘭州水煙開始逐步走向(xiang)下(xia)坡路,解放后(hou)尚(shang)對榆(yu)中(zhong)縣財政(zheng)支撐了四十年。銷量和價格降(jiang)到了最低點(dian)。衰落的原因(yin)主要有(you)如下(xia)幾個(ge)方面(mian):
煙(yan)葉的(de)豐欠與氣候關系密切。大(da)西北自(zi)然災害多(duo)。大(da)旱之年,山(shan)泉枯竭,用泉水澆(jiao)灌的(de)煙(yan)田就會大(da)幅減少。夏季(ji)暴(bao)雨冰雹頻繁,常會給生長(chang)期(qi)的(de)煙(yan)田造成(cheng)(cheng)毀(hui)滅(mie)性襲擊;秋(qiu)季(ji)如(ru)遇連綿陰雨,對煙(yan)葉生產(chan)造成(cheng)(cheng)不利,尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)熟期(qi)雨多(duo),煙(yan)葉的(de)干物質(zhi)就會流失(shi),影響產(chan)量(liang)和(he)質(zhi)量(liang)。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)收獲前如(ru)遇降霜(shuang),嚴(yan)重時(shi)煙(yan)葉就會變黑流水不能用。另外(wai),還因(yin)收購價(jia)等因(yin)素影響,種煙(yan)面積時(shi)多(duo)時(shi)少。煙(yan)葉產(chan)量(liang)的(de)不穩定,使(shi)煙(yan)絲(si)生產(chan)和(he)供(gong)應也不穩定。興盛(sheng)期(qi),雖市場一直供(gong)不應求,但斷貨時(shi)間過長(chang),消費(fei)者就會因(yin)吸用其(qi)他產(chan)品形成(cheng)(cheng)新的(de)習(xi)慣。
因運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)方式落后,運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)路(lu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)長,途中(zhong)遭受雨淋水(shui)(shui)沖霉變(bian),賊(zei)偷(tou)盜劫(jie)受損(sun)(sun),是常(chang)(chang)有(you)之事。戰(zhan)火更嚴重(zhong)影響運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)。清(qing)時(shi)西線(xian)(xian)(xian)多(duo)次(ci)發生戰(zhan)亂,進入民(min)國后東(dong)南線(xian)(xian)(xian)戰(zhan)火頻繁,運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)常(chang)(chang)受影響。1931年(nian)“九·一八”事變(bian),日(ri)本(ben)人占領東(dong)北(bei),出關運(yun)(yun)路(lu)中(zhong)斷,東(dong)北(bei)市場丟失(shi)。1937年(nian)“七·七”事變(bian),日(ri)本(ben)大(da)舉侵略中(zhong)國,東(dong)南運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)路(lu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)遭阻斷。地上常(chang)(chang)有(you)戰(zhan)火阻隔,天上時(shi)有(you)飛機(ji)轟炸(zha)。因遭受巨大(da)損(sun)(sun)失(shi),煙坊紛紛倒閉。僅榆(yu)中(zhong)煙商在(zai)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)途中(zhong)遭飛機(ji)轟炸(zha)等意外損(sun)(sun)失(shi)煙絲168萬斤,金額達100多(duo)萬銀元(yuan)。十多(duo)年(nian)的戰(zhan)火,使蘭州(zhou)水(shui)(shui)煙元(yuan)氣大(da)傷。更重(zhong)要(yao)的是供貨(huo)中(zhong)斷,消費者(zhe)習慣(guan)改變(bian),也就失(shi)去(qu)了市場。
19世紀初外國(guo)(guo)卷(juan)煙(yan)(yan)?主要是香煙(yan)(yan)?銷入中國(guo)(guo),此后(hou)在東南(nan)城市建(jian)(jian)起了卷(juan)煙(yan)(yan)廠(chang)。山東試種(zhong)烤煙(yan)(yan)成功(gong),繼而擴展到河(he)南(nan)、安(an)徽、遼寧、吉(ji)林,30年代在貴州、云(yun)南(nan)、四川(chuan)大面積推(tui)廣種(zhong)植,各地卷(juan)煙(yan)(yan)廠(chang)越(yue)建(jian)(jian)越(yue)多,香煙(yan)(yan)廣為流行。香煙(yan)(yan)攜帶吸用(yong)方便,隨時隨地都可吸用(yong),產品(pin)有高、中、低(di)檔(dang)次(ci),適應不同層次(ci)的(de)人群,成為城市居民的(de)消費(fei)首選。80年代以后(hou),人們的(de)消費(fei)觀念更加時尚化(hua)。農(nong)村青壯年大批涌入城市打工,吸煙(yan)(yan)者也逐步(bu)轉向(xiang)香煙(yan)(yan)。因此,城市中吸用(yong)蘭州水煙(yan)(yan)的(de)人基本(ben)絕跡(ji),農(nong)村中也逐漸(jian)減少。
水(shui)煙是一(yi)個傳統(tong)產(chan)品(pin),吸食方法繁瑣(suo),需(xu)專用器(qi)具,攜(xie)帶不便(bian),不利于勞動工(gong)(gong)(gong)作間隙隨時隨地吸用。人們的消費追求趨于時尚化,而水(shui)煙仍停(ting)留在(zai)傳統(tong)上。加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝落(luo)后,效(xiao)率低(di),產(chan)品(pin)更(geng)新換代(dai)遲緩,難免落(luo)伍(wu)于時代(dai)前進的步伐。
香煙(yan)(yan)消(xiao)費群體主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)城市(shi),是中高(gao)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)人(ren)群,起碼是有(you)穩定收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)者。而(er)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)現時(shi)的(de)消(xiao)費群體主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)農村,是收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)較低的(de)漁民(min)、農民(min)、牧民(min)。特(te)定的(de)消(xiao)費對象(xiang)經(jing)濟狀況差異很大。香煙(yan)(yan)價格高(gao),而(er)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)價格難以提升。但各種(zhong)稅收(shou)(shou)都(dou)一樣,稅賦不合理是顯而(er)易見(jian)的(de)。2000年榆中縣黃(huang)花煙(yan)(yan)列入(ru)(ru)《名晾曬煙(yan)(yan)名錄》,進入(ru)(ru)《煙(yan)(yan)草法》管理范疇。省定點(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)榆中縣水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)廠取得了《煙(yan)(yan)草專賣生(sheng)產企(qi)業(ye)(ye)許可(ke)證》。但有(you)關部門又(you)無(wu)視水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)市(shi)場在(zai)全國(guo)10多個省區,重點(dian)銷(xiao)區在(zai)江蘇、浙江、福建,60%以上產品是供給沿海(hai)一帶的(de)漁民(min)這一事實,限(xian)定在(zai)本地生(sheng)產銷(xiao)售。煙(yan)(yan)絲生(sheng)產盲目發(fa)展,市(shi)場銷(xiao)售無(wu)序競爭。無(wu)證加工、無(wu)人(ren)根治;假冒商(shang)標,時(shi)有(you)發(fa)生(sheng)。蘭州水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)的(de)生(sheng)存(cun)環境的(de)確(que)不容樂觀。
蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)水煙是這一(yi)方水土培(pei)育(yu)出(chu)的(de)(de)一(yi)朵(duo)奇葩之(zhi)花,在歷史(shi)上興盛三(san)百多年,把蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)名(ming)字傳遍(bian)白水黑水,天涯(ya)海角。是蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)歷史(shi)最(zui)長(chang)、知名(ming)度(du)最(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)特產。在全國各地(di)處心積(ji)慮挖掘地(di)方特色經濟(ji)的(de)(de)今天,眼看著讓其衰(shuai)落(luo),實為(wei)可惜。
世間(jian)事物,衰而(er)復興,枯而(er)復榮的(de)極多,就看是否具(ju)有(you)生命力。蘭州水(shui)煙有(you)三(san)大獨一無二的(de)特(te)性不容忽視(shi)。
黃花煙(yan)(yan)煙(yan)(yan)葉含(han)糖(tang)量較低,蛋白質和煙(yan)(yan)堿含(han)量較高,煙(yan)(yan)味濃,勁頭(tou)大。北方農民用(yong)黃花煙(yan)(yan)葉作旱煙(yan)(yan)吸用(yong)的體會是(shi):與香煙(yan)(yan)比有嘴唇不發燒(shao)、痰(tan)少的優點。蘭(lan)州(zhou)水煙(yan)(yan)加入了中(zhong)藥輔料,使煙(yan)(yan)草重陽(yang)之性得以(yi)溫和,并(bing)且增(zeng)加了對(dui)人身體有益的功能。
青(qing)煙輔料石膏:藥性(xing)(xing)大(da)寒(han)(han),清熱力佳,善清氣分實熱。功(gong)(gong)能清熱瀉(xie)火,能入肺胃(wei)二經,有(you)清泄(xie)(xie)肺胃(wei)邪熱之功(gong)(gong)。中醫(yi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)肺熱咳嗽、氣喘、胃(wei)火牙痛。煅后用(yong)(yong)于(yu)口舌生瘡(chuang)、咽喉(hou)腫痛、濕(shi)疹等(deng)(deng)癥。白礬(fan)(fan):性(xing)(xing)寒(han)(han)、澀。寒(han)(han)以泄(xie)(xie)熱去(qu)毒,澀能收斂(lian)濕(shi)氣,泄(xie)(xie)熱濕(shi)而(er)化瘀(yu)(yu)濁,中醫(yi)治膽結石多(duo)用(yong)(yong)白礬(fan)(fan)。槐籽:性(xing)(xing)涼(liang)(liang),常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)清除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)熱,可治腸(chang)風便血,痔瘡(chuang)等(deng)(deng)。紫花即紫葳(wei)之花,中醫(yi)稱凌霄花,性(xing)(xing)寒(han)(han)能除(chu)(chu)熱毒,功(gong)(gong)能涼(liang)(liang)血祛瘀(yu)(yu),瀉(xie)肝抑陽,尤長(chang)于(yu)治療疔毒惡瘡(chuang)。這些(xie)中醫(yi)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的寒(han)(han)涼(liang)(liang)之品加入后,吸用(yong)(yong)水煙就涼(liang)(liang)爽不燥,除(chu)(chu)熱化痰,具有(you)防(fang)治邪熱瘡(chuang)毒,蛇蟲咬(yao)傷等(deng)(deng)功(gong)(gong)效。
黃(huang)煙(yan)輔(fu)料姜(jiang)黃(huang):性(xing)(xing)辛(xin)散溫(wen)通(tong)(tong)(tong),中(zhong)醫常(chang)用(yong)于風(feng)(feng)濕(shi)痹痛(tong),又可(ke)用(yong)于癰(yong)瘍瘡(chuang)疔。現代(dai)藥理(li)研(yan)究得出:姜(jiang)黃(huang)能(neng)降血(xue)(xue)(xue)脂,可(ke)增加心(xin)肌營(ying)養(yang)性(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)流量,能(neng)抑制血(xue)(xue)(xue)小板聚集和(he)增強(qiang)(qiang)纖(xian)溶酶活性(xing)(xing),從(cong)而有(you)(you)利于防治動(dong)脈粥樣硬化(hua)(hua)、心(xin)絞(jiao)痛(tong)和(he)心(xin)肌梗死(si)。姜(jiang)黃(huang)還能(neng)增加膽汁生產和(he)分(fen)(fen)泌,并能(neng)增強(qiang)(qiang)膽囊收縮,從(cong)而起到利膽作(zuo)用(yong)。此外,還有(you)(you)降壓、抗菌消炎(yan)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。黃(huang)煙(yan)香料是由幾(ji)十味中(zhong)藥組(zu)成(cheng)。其中(zhong)細辛(xin)辛(xin)溫(wen)宣(xuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong),散寒止痛(tong);薄(bo)荷疏(shu)散風(feng)(feng)熱(re)(re)、清(qing)利頭目(mu)、透疹利咽、理(li)氣(qi)解郁(yu);當歸補血(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)血(xue)(xue)(xue)、調經止痛(tong)、潤燥滑腸,且止咳逆上氣(qi):白芷辛(xin)香,祛風(feng)(feng)止痛(tong);陳(chen)皮味辛(xin)氣(qi)溫(wen),上化(hua)(hua)痰(tan)養(yang)肺(fei),肺(fei)得所(suo)養(yang)而津液貫輸,下疏(shu)肝(gan)去郁(yu),肝(gan)疏(shu)泄(xie)則暢水道;大(da)黃(huang)性(xing)(xing)寒,瀉下導滯(zhi)、破瘀行積(ji)、瀉火涼血(xue)(xue)(xue)、清(qing)熱(re)(re)解毒,中(zhong)醫常(chang)用(yong)來治六腑實(shi)熱(re)(re)積(ji)滯(zhi)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)實(shi)熱(re)(re)、濕(shi)熱(re)(re)下痢、黃(huang)疸瘕(jia)積(ji)、癰(yong)瘡(chuang)腫(zhong)毒、血(xue)(xue)(xue)瘀經閉,跌打損(sun)傷(shang)等,并通(tong)(tong)(tong)大(da)便、利小便。由中(zhong)藥材組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)香料制成(cheng)細沫后,在切絲(si)前(qian)加入拌勻,在水煙(yan)儲運過程中(zhong)藥性(xing)(xing)釋放,溫(wen)和(he)煙(yan)草的(de)(de)重陽之性(xing)(xing)。在吸食燃(ran)燒時有(you)(you)效成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)進入煙(yan)氣(qi),增加了防治疾病的(de)(de)功能(neng)。
這些輔料不(bu)但沒有(you)副作(zuo)(zuo)用,且大多(duo)起著一石(shi)三(san)(san)鳥(niao)的(de)有(you)益作(zuo)(zuo)用:一是在工藝和外觀上或粘結或增色或增亮度;二是改(gai)進口味,增加(jia)香味,不(bu)使濃烈嗆人;三(san)(san)是改(gai)善煙草性能,提升了煙草善壯胃氣、祛陰濁寒滯(zhi)、消肚脹(zhang)宿(su)食、除(chu)積聚(ju)諸蟲,解郁結、止(zhi)疼痛,行氣散瘀、通達三(san)(san)焦(jiao)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。增加(jia)了防治(zhi)多(duo)種(zhong)疾病、保健護(hu)體的(de)功能。
長期(qi)過(guo)(guo)量吸(xi)(xi)(xi)用(yong)香煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),會使(shi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)害物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)積(ji)累危害人體。尤其(qi)是(shi)焦油(you),是(shi)致(zhi)病的(de)(de)(de)主要因素(su),還(huan)含有(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)癌物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)用(yong)方法去(qu)除有(you)(you)(you)(you)害物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)理(li)十(shi)分科學。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)解(jie)性,對微小固相物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附作用(yong)。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)在(zai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)瓶(ping)上部空間形(xing)成負(fu)壓(ya),使(shi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣穿水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)而過(guo)(guo),與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)充(chong)分接觸,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)氧化碳含量較少,被(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)解(jie)。焦油(you)是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)混合物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),在(zai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣中(zhong)(zhong)呈分散的(de)(de)(de)原子團或(huo)微粒存在(zai),被(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分子吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附留在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堿經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)也大(da)幅度降低(di)。中(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學會科普委員朱(zhu)鑒明曾宣布:“經(jing)(jing)研究證明,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)經(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv),焦油(you)、尼古丁?煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堿?、一(yi)氧化碳可減(jian)少三(san)分之(zhi)二以上”。蘭州大(da)學生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)專家(jia)于1980年(nian)(nian)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),進行了煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣對比(bi)化驗,經(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)瓶(ping)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣,有(you)(you)(you)(you)害物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)較其(qi)它煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草產品較低(di),并得出(chu)明確結論(lun):“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)絲燃燒產生的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)經(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)后(hou),不含有(you)(you)(you)(you)自由基指標的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)癌物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。幾百年(nian)(nian)來吸(xi)(xi)(xi)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者中(zhong)(zhong)老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人居(ju)多,從未發現因吸(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)而生病或(huo)身體不適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)情況。很(hen)多老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人長期(qi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)用(yong)蘭州水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),卻鶴發童顏(yan),長壽(shou)健(jian)康。
蘭(lan)州水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)的(de)吸用方法看似簡(jian)單,其(qi)實依據的(de)是(shi)真空負壓(ya)原理,應用的(de)是(shi)流(liu)體力學(xue)技術,使煙(yan)(yan)氣在水(shui)中(zhong)經過化(hua)學(xue)物理作用,最(zui)有效(xiao)的(de)過濾了煙(yan)(yan)氣中(zhong)的(de)有害物質。其(qi)科(ke)學(xue)性至今(jin)世界(jie)領(ling)先,無與倫比(bi)。
歷史(shi)上水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)瓶多由蘇(su)杭、湖廣和上海等(deng)地(di)手藝人(ren)(ren)制造(zao)。黃(huang)銅鑄成,打(da)磨光(guang)亮(liang),刻(ke)制山水(shui)花草圖(tu)或名(ming)(ming)詩佳(jia)(jia)句于(yu)上。精品(pin)(pin)用景(jing)泰藍工藝鑲嵌了彩色花卉(hui)、山水(shui)、人(ren)(ren)物等(deng)圖(tu)案(an)。既是(shi)生活常(chang)用器(qi)具,又(you)是(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)雅的工藝品(pin)(pin),擺設于(yu)案(an)頭幾桌,隨時使用把玩。水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)袋(dai)、夜光(guang)杯(bei)、紫砂壺共同成為(wei)(wei)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)酒(jiu)茶(cha)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化的載體,受到(dao)人(ren)(ren)們的喜愛。廬山、張家界、峨眉山等(deng)著名(ming)(ming)旅游勝地(di),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物古董店里均能看到(dao)古色古香(xiang)的水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)袋(dai)。現(xian)代(dai)傳媒播放的歷史(shi)影(ying)視劇中,也(ye)常(chang)出現(xian)手托水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)袋(dai)的人(ren)(ren)物劇情。宋詩人(ren)(ren)黃(huang)庭堅有(you)一(yi)聯語(yu)為(wei)(wei):“風(feng)浪井、博浪風(feng),風(feng)自(zi)浪興。”長時無(wu)佳(jia)(jia)對(dui)(dui),后人(ren)(ren)從吸(xi)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中得到(dao)啟(qi)發(fa),對(dui)(dui)曰:“煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)亭、吸(xi)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)從水(shui)起。”還有(you)一(yi)副寫食品(pin)(pin)的聯語(yu)為(wei)(wei):咸月(yue)、甜月(yue)、五(wu)仁月(yue)、豆沙(sha)冰月(yue),鵝(e)油酥月(yue);嚼(jiao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、鼻(bi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、老旱煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、蘭州水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、云南卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。兩副對(dui)(dui)聯均巧妙地(di)把水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)融入文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學作品(pin)(pin)。
綜上(shang)所述(shu),蘭(lan)州(zhou)水煙(yan)配方的(de)(de)(de)科學性(xing)、吸(xi)用方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)先(xian)進性(xing)、吸(xi)用器(qi)具的(de)(de)(de)文化性(xing),在中國煙(yan)草乃至世(shi)界煙(yan)草史上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)空前的(de)(de)(de)。這三大特性(xing)既(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)它(ta)興盛300多年的(de)(de)(de)秘密,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)它(ta)旺盛的(de)(de)(de)生命力(li)之(zhi)所在。可以(yi)斷(duan)言(yan): 蘭(lan)州(zhou)水煙(yan)被(bei)人(ren)們重新認識之(zhi)日(ri),就是(shi)(shi)(shi)它(ta)復興之(zhi)時(shi)。
據市場(chang)調查預測,蘭州(zhou)水煙(yan)(yan)尚有(you)100萬(wan)人(ren)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)消費(fei)群(qun)體,分布在10多個省區的(de)(de)農(nong)漁牧林(lin)區,消費(fei)對(dui)象主要為(wei)中老年人(ren),年消費(fei)量約200萬(wan)斤(jin)至300萬(wan)斤(jin)。如果(guo)推動技(ji)術進步,改善吸用(yong)不(bu)便的(de)(de)缺點(dian),使消費(fei)者便于攜帶吸用(yong);加大宣傳,讓世(shi)人(ren)知(zhi)曉它防(fang)病保健的(de)(de)功能(neng);開拓各(ge)地市場(chang),尤其是休(xiu)閑旅游市場(chang),蘭州(zhou)水煙(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)市場(chang)潛(qian)力是十分巨大的(de)(de)。恢復到年產銷(xiao)1000萬(wan)斤(jin)以(yi)上(shang)(shang),年實(shi)現銷(xiao)售收(shou)入(ru)3000萬(wan)元以(yi)上(shang)(shang),稅收(shou)1000萬(wan)元以(yi)上(shang)(shang)是極可能(neng)的(de)(de)。為(wei)此,政府、企業和各(ge)有(you)關(guan)方(fang)面(mian)應共同(tong)努力,從(cong)以(yi)下幾個方(fang)面(mian)去做:
首(shou)先,應(ying)針(zhen)對生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)銷售(shou)(shou)的混亂狀態,從種植收購、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加工、市場銷售(shou)(shou)進行全(quan)面整治。黃(huang)花煙列入《名晾曬(shai)煙目錄》,已納入了(le)《煙草法(fa)(fa)》管(guan)理的范疇。省上確(que)定(ding)的定(ding)點企業取(qu)得《煙草專賣生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企業許可證》,意(yi)味著具(ju)有(you)惟一的合(he)法(fa)(fa)性。政府及有(you)關部門(men)(men)應(ying)履行執法(fa)(fa)職能,取(qu)締各地(di)其它無(wu)證生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)銷售(shou)(shou)活動,蘭(lan)州水(shui)煙幾百年來市場在(zai)全(quan)國各地(di),而蘇(su)浙閩是主(zhu)要市場,沿(yan)海(hai)漁(yu)民(min)是主(zhu)要消(xiao)(xiao)費者,也是深受漁(yu)民(min)喜愛的每日(ri)生(sheng)(sheng)活必需(xu)品。有(you)關部門(men)(men)把蘭(lan)州水(shui)煙限定(ding)在(zai)本地(di)銷售(shou)(shou),是無(wu)視消(xiao)(xiao)費者的正當(dang)需(xu)求,損害消(xiao)(xiao)費者合(he)法(fa)(fa)權(quan)益的不當(dang)行為。人大代表、政協(xie)委員應(ying)反(fan)映社情民(min)意(yi),通過(guo)議案(an)提(ti)案(an)向國家有(you)關部門(men)(men)建議糾正,準予運(yun)往消(xiao)(xiao)費區合(he)法(fa)(fa)銷售(shou)(shou)。
其次,蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)與蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)牛肉面、蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)百合共為蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)三大(da)(da)特產,聞名(ming)全國(guo)。讓這樣一(yi)張名(ming)片(pian)失去光(guang)彩,何嘗(chang)不是蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)大(da)(da)損失。定點企(qi)業(ye)榆中(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)煙(yan)廠,是1956年老(lao)字號(hao)煙(yan)坊公(gong)私合營組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye),已(yi)累計上繳稅利1億(yi)多,曾是縣(xian)(xian)財政的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)稅源、縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)支柱產業(ye)和帶動農業(ye)產業(ye)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)。但(dan)因(yin)機制不活(huo)、歷史包袱沉重、基礎設(she)施陳舊,亟(ji)須(xu)脫胎換骨,煥發(fa)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青春活(huo)力(li)。應盡快(kuai)(kuai)按市(shi)(shi)上國(guo)企(qi)改(gai)革攻堅計劃改(gai)制,組建蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)有(you)(you)限責任公(gong)司,運用現(xian)代企(qi)業(ye)經(jing)營機制,加快(kuai)(kuai)技術(shu)創新(xin)步伐、開(kai)拓新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang),做(zuo)大(da)(da)做(zuo)強(qiang)。徐(xu)守盛副省(sheng)長曾在(zai)有(you)(you)關蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)份報告(gao)批(pi)示中(zhong)寫(xie)到:“我作為江蘇沿海的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)位漁(yu)民子弟,可(ke)以證明,蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)在(zai)江蘇沿海一(yi)帶有(you)(you)相當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)費(fei)群體。”體現(xian)出(chu)省(sheng)政府對發(fa)展地方(fang)特色產業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重視和支持。復興蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)既有(you)(you)光(guang)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)前景,也非易事(shi),還需各(ge)級政府給予必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸血(xue)扶(fu)持。如稅收(shou)返還,列(lie)入扶(fu)優扶(fu)強(qiang)項目進行資(zi)金支持等。
第三(san),利用電(dian)影、電(dian)視劇(ju)、新聞報道、電(dian)腦網絡以及書(shu)刊(kan)雜志等各種可用的方式,大(da)力宣(xuan)傳蘭州水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)的優(you)越性。進行原產地、水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)之鄉(xiang)、老(lao)字(zi)號、名優(you)產品申報,取得國(guo)家(jia)有關部(bu)門的認(ren)定(ding)。委托(tuo)國(guo)家(jia)權(quan)威檢(jian)測機(ji)構進一步作(zuo)煙(yan)(yan)氣化驗分(fen)析報告(gao)。深(shen)入調查長期(qi)吸(xi)用蘭州水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)高壽老(lao)人的反映,取得醫療機(ji)構檢(jian)查身體的情(qing)況,提高宣(xuan)傳工作(zuo)的含金量。
第四,蘭(lan)州水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)興(xing)盛(sheng)時期之(zhi)長(chang),覆蓋地域之(zhi)廣,形成(cheng)了一(yi)種(zhong)民(min)俗(su)風情(qing)(qing),休閑文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)。作為一(yi)個工業產品(pin)(pin),世(shi)為罕見(jian),值得研(yan)(yan)究。一(yi)是文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)層面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究,主要(yao)(yao)是從文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)內涵上去發掘,為宣傳(chuan)擴大影響作后(hou)盾。可(ke)(ke)邀(yao)請政府官員(yuan)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)史(shi)(shi)民(min)俗(su)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)物考古、作家記者中對(dui)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)興(xing)趣的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)界知名人(ren)士參加(jia)(jia),定(ding)期交流信息,提出建議。二是技(ji)術(shu)層面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究開(kai)發,推進(jin)技(ji)術(shu)創新(xin),加(jia)(jia)快產品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)更(geng)新(xin)換代。可(ke)(ke)成(cheng)立蘭(lan)州水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)研(yan)(yan)究所,掛(gua)靠有(you)(you)關部門或(huo)定(ding)點企業,以有(you)(you)關的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)為骨干,與大專院校及(ji)科研(yan)(yan)單位合作,每年完(wan)成(cheng)若干個課題。技(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)發要(yao)(yao)在三個主攻(gong)方向(xiang)上展開(kai):首先(xian),要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)吸用繁瑣(suo)不便的(de)(de)(de)問題,研(yan)(yan)制(zhi)一(yi)次(ci)裝煙(yan)(yan)(yan)就能過(guo)癮(yin)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)產品(pin)(pin),如小(xiao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)卷,進(jin)而(er)研(yan)(yan)制(zhi)不同功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)產品(pin)(pin),以滿(man)足不同的(de)(de)(de)需求。其(qi)次(ci),要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)袋體大沉重(zhong),攜帶不便的(de)(de)(de)問題,研(yan)(yan)制(zhi)便于攜帶外出使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)袋。還可(ke)(ke)開(kai)發各(ge)種(zhong)造型(xing)?如動植物、歷史(shi)(shi)人(ren)物等(deng)?、各(ge)種(zhong)材質?如陶瓷、玻璃(li)等(deng)?的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)瓶,逐步建立長(chang)久的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工基地。試(shi)想:一(yi)個憨態可(ke)(ke)掬的(de)(de)(de)陶瓷熊貓水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)袋,既(ji)實用,又(you)是工藝品(pin)(pin),可(ke)(ke)擺可(ke)(ke)藏;一(yi)個透(tou)明的(de)(de)(de)玻璃(li)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)袋,可(ke)(ke)直觀的(de)(de)(de)看見(jian)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣穿水(shui)(shui)過(guo)濾的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)景及(ji)焦油使(shi)水(shui)(shui)變色(se)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況。會是什么樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)效果﹖另(ling)外,還要(yao)(yao)對(dui)種(zhong)子及(ji)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉栽培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)行(xing)研(yan)(yan)究,指導煙(yan)(yan)(yan)農種(zhong)好煙(yan)(yan)(yan),多受益(yi)。
第(di)五,蘇(su)浙閩沿海(hai)(hai)地區(qu)漁民,常在(zai)海(hai)(hai)上作業,吸(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙以(yi)除(chu)濕熱;內蒙古、新疆、青海(hai)(hai)、西藏、寧夏(xia)氣(qi)候較冷,農(nong)牧民肉食較多(duo),吸(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙以(yi)消(xiao)(xiao)除(chu)滯(zhi)脹(zhang);川陜(shan)甘晉山區(qu)農(nong)民吸(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙以(yi)防(fang)(fang)陰濕造成的(de)(de)身體不適(shi)。這些傳統的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)已延續(xu)幾百年,要鞏(gong)固擴大。東北是(shi)(shi)最早的(de)(de)重要市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang),滿族(zu)人喜好水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙,入關主政把蘭州(zhou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙推上了頂(ding)峰,雖然中斷了60多(duo)年,影響應該還有(you),應該努力恢復(fu)。兩(liang)廣、海(hai)(hai)南及(ji)云(yun)貴(gui)山區(qu)農(nong)民至(zhi)今(jin)多(duo)保持(chi)著吸(xi)竹(zhu)筒(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙的(de)(de)習慣,但用的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)自(zi)產烤(kao)煙絲,應讓他們嘗(chang)試一下(xia)祖先吸(xi)的(de)(de)蘭州(zhou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙。湛江市(shi)(shi)(shi)把竹(zhu)筒(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙作為民俗(su)風情(qing),擺放在(zai)茶館酒(jiu)吧、飯鋪商店顯眼位置,以(yi)引旅游賓客,是(shi)(shi)值得(de)借鑒的(de)(de)。山東河北沿海(hai)(hai)地區(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)應是(shi)(shi)潛在(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。歷史(shi)上港澳臺也(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)銷(xiao)售,東南亞,甚(shen)至(zhi)歐美華人也(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)消(xiao)(xiao)費。當今(jin)世界(jie)流行回歸(gui)于自(zi)然,發揚傳統的(de)(de)風氣(qi)。蘭州(zhou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙所獨有(you)的(de)(de)無害防(fang)(fang)病(bing)的(de)(de)品質(zhi),出口(kou)前景也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)存在(zai)的(de)(de)。
第六(liu),蘭(lan)州水(shui)煙(yan)在興盛(sheng)時,全國(guo)不少客商(shang)(shang)參(can)與經(jing)(jing)營,特(te)別是陜商(shang)(shang)投入巨資(zi)直接(jie)從事生產經(jing)(jing)營,為發展蘭(lan)州水(shui)煙(yan)作出(chu)了(le)重要貢獻(xian)。要恢復昔日的(de)輝煌,應(ying)吸引(yin)蘇浙閩甚至港(gang)澳(ao)臺尋找(zhao)投資(zi)機會的(de)客商(shang)(shang)前來投資(zi)合(he)作,借助(zhu)他們雄厚的(de)財力(li)和靈活(huo)的(de)經(jing)(jing)營頭腦來發展我們的(de)特(te)產。以其(qi)幾百年錘(chui)煉的(de)品質(zhi)內涵,廣闊的(de)市場潛力(li),做成有(you)深度(du)的(de)項目(mu),招(zhao)商(shang)(shang)引(yin)資(zi)應(ying)有(you)吸引(yin)力(li)。
蘭州水(shui)煙既是一個馳名全國的甘(gan)肅特產,又屬于煙草行業,要(yao)得到(dao)復興,就要(yao)做好(hao)“保(bao)護、扶持、創新、宣傳、開發”諸方(fang)面的工作。
蘭州水煙是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)歷史悠久的(de)地方特產(chan),也(ye)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)享譽全國的(de)名(ming)牌產(chan)品。它(ta)(ta)先(xian)進吸用(yong)方法和科學配(pei)方形(xing)成的(de)無(wu)害性(xing)、保健性(xing)功能,迎合(he)現代人們追求(qiu)健康的(de)潮流;它(ta)(ta)吸用(yong)器具的(de)文化(hua)藝術內涵,正遇當今(jin)人們喜歡(huan)在旅游休閑中欣(xin)賞民俗風情的(de)時(shi)尚(shang),具有旺盛的(de)生命力(li)。