蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)又(you)稱(cheng)九葉(xie)芙香(xiang)草(cao),屬(shu)黃花煙(yan)(yan)種。三(san)國時(shi)隱士孟(meng)節獻煙(yan)(yan)草(cao)給諸(zhu)葛亮,用以治療瘴氣患者(zhe)。后來諸(zhu)葛亮六出(chu)祁山時(shi),煙(yan)(yan)草(cao)輾轉傳入甘肅,并廣泛種植(zhi)于(yu)蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、榆(yu)中、皋蘭(lan)、靖遠(yuan)、永登、永靖、臨洮等地,而以蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)五泉紅泥溝水(shui)灌溉種植(zhi)的(de)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)聲譽最高。蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)地處黃河(he)沿岸(an),背山臨水(shui),多淡栗色(se)粉砂質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)壤,肥(fei)土(tu)層(ceng)深厚,含有豐富的(de)石灰質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)鉀元素,十分(fen)有利(li)于(yu)煙(yan)(yan)草(cao)的(de)生長。所產水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)以絲(si)、色(se)、味三(san)絕聞名全國,有"蘭(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)天下無(wu)"之譽。
蘭州(zhou)水(shui)煙分(fen)青、黃、綿(mian)3種(zhong)(zhong)。青煙碧(bi)綠,內顯(xian)純白(bai),色亮、味香、葉厚、油分(fen)足,品質在(zai)黃、綿(mian)二煙之(zhi)上。中國是(shi)最早(zao)發(fa)現和(he)應(ying)用煙草(cao)(cao)的(de)國家,在(zai)東(dong)漢(han)末年(nian)(公元年(nian)左右(you))的(de)《說(shuo)文解字(zi)(zi)》中就(jiu)有:“蔫(nian)、菸。從草(cao)(cao)焉聲”。《滇(dian)南聞(wen)見(jian)(jian)錄》有:“種(zhong)(zhong)蔫(nian)之(zhi)法(fa)”的(de)記載(zai)。說(shuo)明當時(shi)及之(zhi)前漢(han)字(zi)(zi)“蔫(nian)”“菸”同(tong)義同(tong)聲,為煙草(cao)(cao)的(de)專用名字(zi)(zi)?煙草(cao)(cao)業很多人(ren)(ren)至(zhi)今仍寫(xie)作(zuo)菸?。后因菸主要用來制(zhi)煙,也(ye)就(jiu)用煙字(zi)(zi)代指菸。唐朝詩人(ren)(ren)劉禹錫在(zai)任郎(lang)州(zhou)司馬時(shi)?公元810年(nian)左右(you)?,寫(xie)了(le)一首頌(song)揚愛情的(de)《竹枝詞(ci)》:“馬鞭煙袋(dai)細(xi)細(xi)通,兩人(ren)(ren)相戀莫(mo)漏風;燕(yan)子銜泥口要緊,蠶兒(er)挽絲在(zai)肚中。”是(shi)當時(shi)湘西民(min)間(jian)(jian)煙袋(dai)隨(sui)身攜帶(dai)用來當馬鞭的(de)見(jian)(jian)聞(wen)。李京元大(da)德(de)七年(nian)?公元1303年(nian)?著《云南志略(lve)》記載(zai)傣族、景頗(po)族人(ren)(ren)有“嚼煙草(cao)(cao)的(de)習俗嗜好”。明朝時(shi)期中國航海業發(fa)展,與(yu)海外交流增多,煙草(cao)(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)提(ti)高,成(cheng)為廣泛種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)作(zuo)物(wu),吸(xi)煙逐步成(cheng)為各地民(min)間(jian)(jian)較普遍(bian)的(de)習俗。
煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草含(han)有多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)學(xue)成分(fen)(fen),主(zhu)要(yao)有碳水化(hua)合物(wu)(wu)、蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)、煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堿和礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堿的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氣能刺(ci)激(ji)人的(de)(de)中(zhong)樞神經,使人興奮。在(zai)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)分(fen)(fen)類中(zhong),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草歸茄科(ke)的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)屬(shu),大約包含(han)60多(duo)個種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),成為(wei)栽培(pei)作物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)有紅花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。紅花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)1910年開始(shi)在(zai)中(zhong)國山東威海等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),30年代始(shi)在(zai)云南(nan)、貴州等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)大面積推廣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉用(yong)于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)作卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)?主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)香煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)?。黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作為(wei)曬煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),適(shi)宜在(zai)中(zhong)國北方(fang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉用(yong)于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)作嚼煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、鼻(bi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、旱煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。新疆伊(yi)犁一帶曾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收獲煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)莖桿加(jia)工莫(mo)合煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan);黑龍江克(ke)山、依安(an)、綏化(hua)等(deng)縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)作蛤蟆煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan);山西曲(qu)沃(wo)、代縣(xian)部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)曾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要(yao)以旱煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)用(yong)。大都種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積小、產(chan)量低,主(zhu)要(yao)供應當地(di)(di)(di)市(shi)場(chang)。甘肅是(shi)中(zhong)國黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)產(chan)區,歷(li)史上蘭(lan)州、榆中(zhong)、皋(gao)蘭(lan)、靖遠(yuan)、臨(lin)洮、永登、成縣(xian)、徽縣(xian)等(deng)川水地(di)(di)(di)曾先后有過種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)加(jia)工制(zhi)(zhi)作水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。
蘭(lan)州(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)可根據煙(yan)葉的品質,采用不同的配方,制成綠(lv)、黃、麻3種(zhong)。其中綠(lv)水(shui)煙(yan)質量(liang)最佳(jia)。它的主料(liao)(liao)是(shi)青煙(yan),配料(liao)(liao)有(you)胡麻油(you)、碌石末子、槐花(hua)、紫花(hua)、白礬、冰片、香料(liao)(liao)、薄荷、當歸(gui)、川芎、蒼術、麝(she)香等。內含多種(zhong)滋(zi)補(bu)藥料(liao)(liao),具有(you)消瘴(zhang)耐寒(han)、提(ti)神(shen)順氣、預防(fang)蟲(chong)蛇咬(yao)傷(shang)等功效,是(shi)陰濕地區和江河海(hai)岸(an)人民生活中不可缺少的“神(shen)藥”。
蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)生產水煙(yan)盛(sheng)于明清(qing)(qing)、民國(guo),至今已有300余(yu)年的(de)(de)歷史。其制作(zuo)過程是:把(ba)寬大肥厚(hou)的(de)(de)翠綠煙(yan)葉,去掉莖根陰干,加入(ru)槐花、紫花、堿(jian)、白礬、石膏等混合(he)蒸煮;并搓(cuo)以(yi)清(qing)(qing)油(you)、食鹽、姜(jiang)黃;加入(ru)當歸、香草、薄荷、川(chuan)芍、蒼(cang)術、冰片(pian)、跨香等香料,攪拌(ban)均勻,壓(ya)制成一(yi)公尺見方的(de)(de)煙(yan)墩;再人工推成細絲(si),刨絲(si)后在模(mo)具(ju)內(nei)壓(ya)成小方塊(kuai),即可(ke)(ke)包裝出售。根據制作(zuo)工藝的(de)(de)繁簡不同(tong),蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)水煙(yan)又可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為青、黃、綿煙(yan)三種類型(xing)。過去蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)水煙(yan)依其質(zhi)量差別可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為"甘"、"肅(su)"、"合(he)"、"作(zuo)"四個等級(ji);而新創的(de)(de)"蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)"字牌(pai)水煙(yan)以(yi)色香味(wei)形俱佳而邁(mai)軼前代,被譽為煙(yan)中"王牌(pai)"。
蘭州水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)做工精細,色(se)澤清亮,絲細條(tiao)顯,氣(qi)味(wei)芬(fen)芳,為煙(yan)中(zhong)佳(jia)品。吸用蘭州水(shui)(shui)煙(yan),有耐寒、提神、順(shun)氣(qi)、防蚊等功(gong)效。蘭州水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)東(dong)出撞關后,由于空(kong)氣(qi)變(bian)濕(shi),綠色(se)變(bian)白(bai)(bai),又稱“銀(yin)絲”或“白(bai)(bai)條(tiao)”。這時煙(yan)味(wei)也變(bian)得更加醇厚芳香,成為地(di)氣(qi)潮濕(shi)、瘴氣(qi)彌漫的陰濕(shi)山區和低洼濕(shi)地(di)的消瘴"神藥"。
其(qi)一(yi),得天獨厚的自然條件,造(zao)就了上(shang)乘的煙葉品質(zhi)。在煙草生產中(zhong),由于(yu)土壤、氣候等原因,形(xing)成了一(yi)些著名的優質(zhi)產地(di)。
其二,絕無僅(jin)有的(de)配方及工(gong)(gong)藝(yi),形成了獨特的(de)功能。蘭州(zhou)水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)因煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉收獲方式不同形成綠黃兩(liang)種顏色,又分(fen)(fen)別加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)制成青煙(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)。青煙(yan)(yan)(yan)輔料(liao)為綠沫子和(he)胡麻油(you),黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)輔料(liao)為白鹽(yan)、姜黃、冰堿、香料(liao)和(he)胡麻油(you)。蘭州(zhou)水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)自古是作坊式手工(gong)(gong)生產,至今一(yi)(yi)直保持著傳統的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)制作方式。工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程為:撕筋→晾(liang)曬→配料(liao)→燜(men)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)→壓(ya)把→推絲→壓(ya)方→出風→包裝(zhuang)→外運(yun)銷售。每(mei)一(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)又分(fen)(fen)若干小工(gong)(gong)序(xu),并(bing)有嚴格(ge)的(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)標準(zhun)。完成全部工(gong)(gong)序(xu)黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)約需一(yi)(yi)個月(yue)(yue),青煙(yan)(yan)(yan)約需三個月(yue)(yue)。蘭州(zhou)水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)配方之獨特,加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)之精細,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)中惟此(ci)一(yi)(yi)品(pin)。
其三(san),科(ke)學的(de)吸(xi)食方法及(ji)用(yong)具(ju),有(you)效的(de)去除(chu)了(le)吸(xi)煙(yan)(yan)的(de)不利面。民(min)(min)間(jian)有(you)詩云:“黃銅船兒彎管桿,水(shui)(shui)(shui)藏肚里鍋(guo)有(you)眼;點火一吸(xi)咕嚕響,韭葉蕓香(xiang)孔明傳。”形象生動的(de)描(miao)寫了(le)蘭州水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)的(de)吸(xi)食過程和用(yong)具(ju)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)袋民(min)(min)間(jian)也稱水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)瓶(ping)。吸(xi)煙(yan)(yan)時(shi),瓶(ping)裝多半水(shui)(shui)(shui),邊點火邊吸(xi),瓶(ping)中上部空間(jian)形成負壓,致(zhi)使煙(yan)(yan)絲燃燒時(shi)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)從煙(yan)(yan)鍋(guo)細孔下行,穿(chuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)而過,經煙(yan)(yan)咀桿吸(xi)入口中的(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)得(de)到(dao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)充分過濾凈化,防止(zhi)了(le)吸(xi)煙(yan)(yan)對人身體的(de)損害。
三者有機的(de)結合在(zai)一(yi)起,打造了蘭州水煙的(de)珍品(pin)形象,同(tong)時還創造了三個甘肅第一(yi)、兩個中國第一(yi)、一(yi)個世界第一(yi)。
長期以來,水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)能夠得到人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)喜愛,一方(fang)面由于生(sheng)產水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉色(se)美(mei)味(wei)(wei)香,葉厚油分足(zu),其制成品青如碧綠,棉如金黃,既條(tiao)顯色(se)亮,又(you)絲細(xi)而綿,獲得色(se)、香、味(wei)(wei)三絕的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)譽。另一方(fang)面,也與(yu)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)有著奇獨的(de)(de)(de)(de)功效密(mi)不可(ke)分。水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)具有消瘴(zhang)耐寒,防蟲(chong)蚊(wen)傷(shang)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。特別是江南地區,水(shui)(shui)田(tian)縱(zong)橫,地氣潮(chao)濕(shi)(shi)(shi),農民常下水(shui)(shui)耕(geng)作(zuo),極容易受潮(chao)染病,吸食(shi)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)除了(le)可(ke)以消濕(shi)(shi)(shi)防毒之(zhi)(zhi)外,還可(ke)預防蟲(chong)蚊(wen)傷(shang)害(hai)。夏季有毒的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物如蛇、蝎(xie)等,對人類(lei)危害(hai)極大,這些毒蟲(chong)分泌的(de)(de)(de)(de)毒液多(duo)含酸性,人若一旦被毒蟲(chong)傷(shang)害(hai),用(yong)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鹽基(ji)性物如尼古丁、阿摩尼亞(ya)以解化之(zhi)(zhi),普通用(yong)水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)袋中的(de)(de)(de)(de)菸水(shui)(shui)涂抹,可(ke)以立即見(jian)效。吸食(shi)者(zhe)體會,“凡(fan)生(sheng)在崇(chong)山(shan)峻嶺、煙(yan)(yan)(yan)瘴(zhang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地,幾有非吸煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草即喪生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情勢”
①。吸(xi)食水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)還(huan)有(you)(you)消食之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用,水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)酸類,在(zai)(zai)醫藥上是一種輕性消化(hua)劑(ji),人若吃飯過飽,吸(xi)煙(yan)即能幫助消化(hua)。北方各(ge)地,農(nong)民(min)終日勞作(zuo)(zuo),疲憊不堪,吸(xi)食水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)可以消乏解悶,舒(shu)暢心情,所以尤其農(nong)民(min)世代(dai)相(xiang)襲吸(xi)食水(shui)(shui)煙(yan)。至于達官(guan)貴人,則將其用來消遣提神(shen),振奮精神(shen)。在(zai)(zai)《蘭(lan)州瑣記》一文中(zhong)(zhong),劍雄曾稱(cheng):“土人無(wu)論男女,皆(jie)嗜水(shui)(shui)煙(yan),每入人家(jia)或飲(yin)食肆(si)中(zhong)(zhong),煙(yan)氣四布,如在(zai)(zai)霧中(zhong)(zhong)。校中(zhong)(zhong)諸(zhu)生,亦各(ge)有(you)(you)煙(yan)袋,置諸(zhu)案上,一至清晨,洗滌之(zhi)(zhi)聲,千百(bai)并作(zuo)(zuo),禁之(zhi)(zhi)不能革。”
②據書生言,吸煙(yan)在人與會爭辯之(zhi)際,答難解(jie)疑之(zhi)間(jian),作文(wen)抒見(jian)之(zhi)時,每(mei)借煙(yan)之(zhi)功,香味及香煙(yan)繚(liao)繞(rao)于(yu)空(kong)間(jian)和(he)時間(jian)中(zhong)(zhong),往(wang)往(wang)會使人心平氣和(he),緩(huan)和(he)論戰之(zhi)情(qing)勢(shi),其功用妙在不解(jie)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)。諸上水煙(yan)之(zhi)種種奇(qi)(qi)特功效(xiao),自(zi)然(ran)使蘭(lan)州水煙(yan)美名四溢,吸者(zhe)云(yun)集也就不足為(wei)(wei)奇(qi)(qi)了,并且日益成為(wei)(wei)人們(men)日常生活中(zhong)(zhong)喜愛的佳品。
蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)種植煙草(cao)歷史悠久。早在明朝萬(wan)歷公元1573年年間,蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)以本(ben)地種植的黃花(hua)煙葉為原料(liao),開始加工水(shui)(shui)煙。1644年滿人(ren)(ren)入關,大(da)清取代(dai)明朝,以滿清貴族為主的上流社會人(ren)(ren)士嗜好水(shui)(shui)煙,并(bing)漸(jian)成時尚。絲條整(zheng)齊、色澤鮮亮、氣味(wei)芳香,被稱為“絲、色、味(wei)”三絕的蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)水(shui)(shui)煙,聲名(ming)鵲起,需(xu)求日增。清人(ren)(ren)黃釣宰(zai)著《金壺七墨》中記:“乾(qian)隆中,蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)特產煙絲,鋁(lv)銅為管,貯水(shui)(shui)而(er)吸(xi)”,說明蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)水(shui)(shui)煙到乾(qian)隆時期,已(yi)享譽海內,在全國(guo)樹起獨一無二的特產地位(wei)。
清康(kang)雍乾時期(qi),社(she)(she)會逐步(bu)安(an)定,人民安(an)居樂(le)業,經濟得(de)到發(fa)展,進入中(zhong)國(guo)歷(li)史(shi)上少有的盛(sheng)(sheng)世。蘭州水煙(yan)乘時而起,走向興盛(sheng)(sheng),把民間習俗提升(sheng)為(wei)上流社(she)(she)會的風尚,光緒至民國(guo)初期(qi)達(da)到極盛(sheng)(sheng),使(shi)煙(yan)酒(jiu)茶齊名,成(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)民俗文(wen)化的重要組成(cheng)部分(fen)。
1.煙葉種植。黃花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)當(dang)地(di)(di)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)農俗稱綠煙(yan)(yan)(yan),其生長(chang)發育及產(chan)量(liang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),與自然環境(jing)有著密(mi)切關系。種(zhong)植(zhi)高產(chan)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉,不但需(xu)(xu)日照時間長(chang),氣候土壤適宜(yi),還需(xu)(xu)充足的(de)灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)源。蘭州郊區(qu)和榆(yu)中(zhong)川(chuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)區(qu),自古就是甘肅(su)黃花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)主產(chan)區(qu),也是蘭州水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)最主要(yao)的(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)原料種(zhong)植(zhi)基地(di)(di)。蘭州煙(yan)(yan)(yan)田(tian)除五泉(quan)引(yin)(yin)山(shan)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)澆灌外(wai),雁灘、寧臥(wo)莊、鄭家(jia)臺、土門(men)墩均以水(shui)(shui)(shui)車提引(yin)(yin)黃河水(shui)(shui)(shui)澆灌。榆(yu)中(zhong)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)田(tian)除青城(cheng)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)車提引(yin)(yin)黃河水(shui)(shui)(shui)澆灌外(wai),宛川(chuan)河流域(yu)的(de)金崖(ya)、來紫堡、夏官營(ying)等鄉村(cun)均以泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)井水(shui)(shui)(shui)澆灌。據民國時期的(de)《甘肅(su)農業地(di)(di)理(li)》記載:全省(sheng)種(zhong)植(zhi)黃花(hua)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)農田(tian)面積(ji)一般在4萬(wan)(wan)畝左右,正常年景煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉產(chan)量(liang)1000萬(wan)(wan)斤上下。而榆(yu)中(zhong)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)田(tian)面積(ji)約占全省(sheng)總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)43%,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉產(chan)量(liang)達全省(sheng)總(zong)產(chan)量(liang)的(de)67%。
2.蘭州水煙加工。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)絲(si)(si)先用(yong)杠桿將煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉壓捆(kun),再(zai)用(yong)推(tui)刨推(tui)出(chu)(chu)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)絲(si)(si),這種手(shou)工(gong)(gong)作坊(fang)(fang),19世紀初數量增(zeng)至(zhi)140多(duo)(duo)(duo)家,投資經營者多(duo)(duo)(duo)為蘭州(zhou)(zhou)、榆(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、皋(gao)蘭人(ren)。由于利潤豐厚,一(yi)些陜商(shang)也(ye)(ye)來(lai)蘭投資經營水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)絲(si)(si),如一(yi)林豐、協后成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)聯號,資金達100多(duo)(duo)(duo)萬兩(liang)白銀。榆(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)但是最(zui)主要的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉種植(zhi)基地(di),也(ye)(ye)是主要的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)生產基地(di)。青城(cheng)盛(sheng)產煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉,且因黃河(he)水(shui)運的(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢,清乾隆嘉慶時期,水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生產就進入鼎(ding)盛(sheng)期。大小煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坊(fang)(fang)達百家以上,名(ming)氣較大的(de)(de)(de)有永豐成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、玉順和(he)、福豐泰等(deng)10多(duo)(duo)(duo)家。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉種植(zhi)和(he)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)經營,使青城(cheng)興盛(sheng)200多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian),青磚綠瓦、雕梁畫壁的(de)(de)(de)高堂華舍比比皆是,求學出(chu)(chu)仕、舞文(wen)弄墨的(de)(de)(de)社會名(ming)流層出(chu)(chu)不(bu)(bu)窮(qiong),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為名(ming)噪隴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)富饒繁華之地(di)。宛川河(he)地(di)區主要是種植(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉,向蘭州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坊(fang)(fang)提供原料(liao),加(jia)工(gong)(gong)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)絲(si)(si)起步稍(shao)晚(wan)。19世紀20年(nian)代(dai),為了降低成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本,蘭州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坊(fang)(fang)向榆(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轉移(yi),榆(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,40年(nian)代(dai)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作坊(fang)(fang)發展到(dao)60多(duo)(duo)(duo)家。實力雄厚的(de)(de)(de)大作坊(fang)(fang)有祖德(de)泰、忠(zhong)興成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、長盛(sheng)榮(rong)等(deng)26家,資本約400多(duo)(duo)(duo)萬銀元。1956年(nian)蘭州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)22家煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坊(fang)(fang)公(gong)私(si)合營組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蘭州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)廠(chang)(chang),榆(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)24家煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坊(fang)(fang)公(gong)私(si)合營組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)國營榆(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)廠(chang)(chang)。省有關部門統一(yi)管理,共用(yong)“甘、肅、合、作”商(shang)標。后來(lai)蘭州(zhou)(zhou)不(bu)(bu)再(zai)種植(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉,蘭州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)廠(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)停產轉行。榆(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為蘭州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惟一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)種植(zhi)生產地(di)。
3.水煙市場及運銷。蘭州(zhou)水煙興盛時市場東(dong)到魯蘇(su)滬及東(dong)北(bei)(bei)各(ge)省;西(xi)達新疆(jiang)、西(xi)藏;南(nan)至閩浙、兩(liang)廣、云貴川;北(bei)(bei)及寧(ning)夏、山西(xi)、蒙古(gu)大(da)草原(yuan)。基本覆蓋全國,幾(ji)乎各(ge)省都(dou)有市場。實力(li)雄厚的大(da)煙行在(zai)西(xi)安、上(shang)海、南(nan)通、蘇(su)州(zhou)等(deng)(deng)要地設有分號。中等(deng)(deng)以上(shang)煙行都(dou)派經(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)人員在(zai)漢(han)口、天(tian)津(jin)、包頭、洛陽(yang)、太原(yuan)、成(cheng)都(dou)、重(zhong)慶、北(bei)(bei)京(jing)等(deng)(deng)大(da)城市駐(zhu)莊批(pi)銷(xiao)(xiao)。各(ge)地代理商不計其數,日(ri)雜店多有經(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)。
清朝時期交(jiao)通運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸還(huan)十分落后。南方河湖縱(zong)橫,稍有木(mu)船(chuan)水運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)便利。北(bei)(bei)方陸路(lu)(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸主(zhu)要(yao)靠馬拉騾馱,運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)銷線路(lu)(lu)主(zhu)要(yao)有五條(tiao):一是(shi)東(dong)出平涼經(jing)西安(an)達(da)(da)漢口(kou),裝(zhuang)船(chuan)沿長(chang)江(jiang)順流而(er)下(xia),經(jing)南京(jing)、鎮(zhen)江(jiang)到(dao)南通、上海(hai),或從(cong)鎮(zhen)江(jiang)走運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)河經(jing)蘇州到(dao)杭州;二是(shi)南出天水經(jing)廣(guang)元抵成都,或從(cong)寶雞南經(jing)漢中,越巴山(shan)抵成都、重慶,再(zai)轉(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)云南、貴(gui)州;三是(shi)用駱駝馱運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)沿河西走廊,經(jing)武威、張(zhang)掖、酒泉、哈(ha)密(mi)直達(da)(da)烏魯(lu)木(mu)齊;四是(shi)用皮筏(fa)子從(cong)青城裝(zhuang)貨(huo),順黃(huang)河漂(piao)銀川到(dao)包(bao)頭,再(zai)用駱駝運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)進張(zhang)家口(kou)而(er)達(da)(da)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)、天津;五是(shi)經(jing)西安(an)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)至洛(luo)陽(yang),再(zai)分別北(bei)(bei)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)西,東(dong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)東(dong)、蘇北(bei)(bei)。當時東(dong)北(bei)(bei)銷量很(hen)大,陸路(lu)(lu)經(jing)山(shan)海(hai)關(guan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)到(dao)沈(shen)陽(yang),水路(lu)(lu)從(cong)上海(hai)、煙臺、天津等港口(kou)裝(zhuang)船(chuan),渡海(hai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)到(dao)營口(kou)卸貨(huo),再(zai)轉(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)各地。
4.消費群體。黃花煙(yan)(yan)(yan)種植需水肥(fei)多,用工多。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)絲加工完全依(yi)賴于手工,效率低,勞動強(qiang)度大。同時(shi)(shi),路途之(zhi)艱(jian),運輸(shu)成本之(zhi)高,可想而知。到消(xiao)費者(zhe)手中(zhong)的價格,自然奇貴無(wu)比(bi)。因(yin)此(ci),起(qi)初(chu)的消(xiao)費群體(ti)主要(yao)是社會上層人士。達官顯(xian)貴、商家富豪才能享用蘭(lan)州(zhou)水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)。清末的慈禧(xi)太后(hou)、民國初(chu)的曹錕總統就(jiu)是那個(ge)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)嗜好者(zhe)的代表人物(wu)。后(hou)鄉紳地主、殷實商販(fan)也加入消(xiao)費主流。隨著交通(tong)條件的改善,運輸(shu)成本的下(xia)降,市(shi)民百姓也逐步成為蘭(lan)州(zhou)水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)的消(xiao)費對象。茶館酒肆、書場戲園中(zhong)手捧水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)袋者(zhe)定是休閑(xian)貴客;登(deng)門探親,入宅訪友時(shi)(shi)若奉上水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)袋,必(bi)是敬上賓之(zhi)禮。市(shi)場銷售量最高時(shi)(shi)年銷售水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)絲達1200萬斤以上。30年代,城市(shi)中(zhong)卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)、香煙(yan)(yan)(yan)逐漸(jian)流行(xing)起(qi)來,水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)的市(shi)場重心轉向鄉間,漁民、牧民、農民成為主要(yao)消(xiao)費群體(ti)。
20世紀30年代后,蘭州(zhou)水煙開(kai)始(shi)逐步(bu)走向下坡路,解(jie)放后尚對(dui)榆中(zhong)縣財(cai)政支撐了四十年。銷量(liang)和價格降到了最低(di)點。衰落(luo)的原(yuan)因主要有如(ru)下幾個(ge)方面:
煙葉(xie)的(de)(de)(de)豐(feng)欠與氣候(hou)關系密切。大(da)(da)西(xi)北自然災害多。大(da)(da)旱之年,山泉枯(ku)竭,用泉水(shui)澆灌的(de)(de)(de)煙田就會大(da)(da)幅減少。夏季暴雨冰雹頻繁,常會給生(sheng)(sheng)長期的(de)(de)(de)煙田造(zao)成(cheng)毀滅性襲(xi)擊;秋季如遇連綿陰雨,對煙葉(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)造(zao)成(cheng)不利,尤其(qi)是成(cheng)熟期雨多,煙葉(xie)的(de)(de)(de)干物質就會流失,影(ying)響產(chan)(chan)量和(he)質量。尤其(qi)是收(shou)獲前如遇降霜,嚴重(zhong)時(shi)(shi)煙葉(xie)就會變黑流水(shui)不能(neng)用。另外,還因(yin)收(shou)購(gou)價(jia)等因(yin)素影(ying)響,種煙面積(ji)時(shi)(shi)多時(shi)(shi)少。煙葉(xie)產(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)(de)不穩定(ding),使煙絲(si)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)供應也(ye)不穩定(ding)。興盛(sheng)期,雖市場一直供不應求,但斷貨時(shi)(shi)間(jian)過(guo)長,消費者(zhe)就會因(yin)吸(xi)用其(qi)他產(chan)(chan)品(pin)形成(cheng)新的(de)(de)(de)習慣。
因(yin)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)方式(shi)落(luo)后,運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)路(lu)(lu)線(xian)長,途中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遭受雨淋(lin)水沖(chong)霉變(bian)(bian),賊偷盜劫受損(sun),是常(chang)有之事(shi)。戰(zhan)(zhan)火更(geng)嚴重影響(xiang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)。清時西(xi)線(xian)多次發(fa)生戰(zhan)(zhan)亂,進入(ru)民(min)國(guo)后東(dong)南線(xian)戰(zhan)(zhan)火頻繁(fan),運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)常(chang)受影響(xiang)。1931年“九(jiu)·一八”事(shi)變(bian)(bian),日本(ben)人占領(ling)東(dong)北(bei),出(chu)關運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)斷,東(dong)北(bei)市(shi)場(chang)丟失(shi)。1937年“七·七”事(shi)變(bian)(bian),日本(ben)大舉侵略中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo),東(dong)南運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)路(lu)(lu)線(xian)時遭阻斷。地上常(chang)有戰(zhan)(zhan)火阻隔,天(tian)上時有飛機轟炸(zha)。因(yin)遭受巨大損(sun)失(shi),煙(yan)坊紛紛倒(dao)閉(bi)。僅榆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)煙(yan)商在運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)途中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遭飛機轟炸(zha)等意外損(sun)失(shi)煙(yan)絲168萬斤,金額達100多萬銀元。十(shi)多年的戰(zhan)(zhan)火,使蘭州(zhou)水煙(yan)元氣大傷(shang)。更(geng)重要的是供貨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)斷,消費(fei)者習(xi)慣改變(bian)(bian),也就失(shi)去了市(shi)場(chang)。
19世紀初(chu)外國卷煙(yan)?主要是香(xiang)煙(yan)?銷入中(zhong)國,此后(hou)在(zai)東(dong)南城市建起了卷煙(yan)廠(chang)。山(shan)東(dong)試種(zhong)烤煙(yan)成功,繼而擴展(zhan)到河南、安徽、遼寧(ning)、吉林,30年(nian)(nian)代在(zai)貴州、云南、四川大面積推廣種(zhong)植,各地卷煙(yan)廠(chang)越(yue)建越(yue)多,香(xiang)煙(yan)廣為流行。香(xiang)煙(yan)攜帶(dai)吸(xi)用(yong)方便(bian),隨時(shi)隨地都可吸(xi)用(yong),產品有高、中(zhong)、低檔次(ci),適應不同層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)人(ren)群,成為城市居民的(de)消費(fei)首選(xuan)。80年(nian)(nian)代以(yi)后(hou),人(ren)們的(de)消費(fei)觀念更加(jia)時(shi)尚化。農(nong)村(cun)青(qing)壯年(nian)(nian)大批涌入城市打工,吸(xi)煙(yan)者也逐步轉向香(xiang)煙(yan)。因此,城市中(zhong)吸(xi)用(yong)蘭州水(shui)煙(yan)的(de)人(ren)基本絕跡,農(nong)村(cun)中(zhong)也逐漸減(jian)少。
水煙(yan)是一個傳統產品,吸(xi)食方法繁瑣,需專用(yong)器具,攜帶不(bu)便,不(bu)利于勞動工作間隙隨時(shi)隨地吸(xi)用(yong)。人們的消費追求趨(qu)于時(shi)尚(shang)化,而水煙(yan)仍停留在傳統上(shang)。加工工藝(yi)落(luo)后,效率低(di),產品更新換代遲緩,難免落(luo)伍于時(shi)代前進的步伐。
香(xiang)煙(yan)消(xiao)費(fei)群(qun)體主要(yao)在城市(shi),是(shi)中(zhong)高收(shou)入人群(qun),起(qi)碼是(shi)有(you)(you)穩(wen)定收(shou)入者(zhe)。而水(shui)煙(yan)現時的(de)消(xiao)費(fei)群(qun)體主要(yao)在農村,是(shi)收(shou)入較(jiao)低的(de)漁民(min)、農民(min)、牧民(min)。特定的(de)消(xiao)費(fei)對象(xiang)經(jing)濟狀況差異很大(da)。香(xiang)煙(yan)價(jia)格(ge)高,而水(shui)煙(yan)價(jia)格(ge)難(nan)以提升。但各(ge)種稅收(shou)都(dou)一(yi)樣,稅賦不(bu)合理是(shi)顯而易見的(de)。2000年(nian)榆中(zhong)縣黃花(hua)煙(yan)列入《名晾曬(shai)煙(yan)名錄》,進入《煙(yan)草法》管理范疇。省定點(dian)企(qi)業榆中(zhong)縣水(shui)煙(yan)廠取得了《煙(yan)草專賣生產企(qi)業許可(ke)證(zheng)》。但有(you)(you)關部門又無(wu)視水(shui)煙(yan)市(shi)場(chang)在全國10多(duo)個省區,重點(dian)銷(xiao)(xiao)區在江蘇、浙江、福建,60%以上產品是(shi)供給(gei)沿海一(yi)帶的(de)漁民(min)這一(yi)事實(shi),限定在本(ben)地生產銷(xiao)(xiao)售。煙(yan)絲生產盲(mang)目(mu)發展(zhan),市(shi)場(chang)銷(xiao)(xiao)售無(wu)序(xu)競爭。無(wu)證(zheng)加工、無(wu)人根(gen)治;假冒商標,時有(you)(you)發生。蘭州水(shui)煙(yan)的(de)生存環(huan)境的(de)確不(bu)容樂觀。
蘭州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)煙是這(zhe)一方(fang)水(shui)土培(pei)育出的一朵奇葩之花,在歷史(shi)上興盛三百多年,把蘭州(zhou)(zhou)的名(ming)字傳遍白水(shui)黑水(shui),天涯(ya)海角。是蘭州(zhou)(zhou)歷史(shi)最長、知名(ming)度最高的特(te)產。在全國各(ge)地(di)處心(xin)積(ji)慮挖掘(jue)地(di)方(fang)特(te)色經濟的今天,眼看著讓其衰落,實為可惜。
世間事物,衰而復興,枯而復榮的極多,就(jiu)看是否(fou)具有(you)(you)生命力。蘭州水煙有(you)(you)三大獨一無二的特(te)性不容(rong)忽視(shi)。
黃(huang)花(hua)煙(yan)煙(yan)葉含糖量(liang)較低,蛋(dan)白質和煙(yan)堿(jian)含量(liang)較高,煙(yan)味濃,勁頭大。北(bei)方(fang)農(nong)民(min)用黃(huang)花(hua)煙(yan)葉作(zuo)旱煙(yan)吸用的(de)體會(hui)是:與香(xiang)煙(yan)比有(you)嘴唇不發燒、痰少的(de)優(you)點。蘭州水煙(yan)加入了中(zhong)藥輔料,使煙(yan)草(cao)重陽之性得以溫和,并且增(zeng)加了對人身體有(you)益的(de)功能(neng)。
青煙(yan)輔料石(shi)膏:藥(yao)性(xing)大寒(han)(han),清熱力佳,善清氣(qi)分實熱。功(gong)(gong)能(neng)清熱瀉(xie)火,能(neng)入(ru)肺(fei)胃(wei)二經,有清泄(xie)肺(fei)胃(wei)邪熱之(zhi)功(gong)(gong)。中醫用(yong)(yong)于肺(fei)熱咳嗽(sou)、氣(qi)喘、胃(wei)火牙痛(tong)。煅后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)于口舌(she)生(sheng)瘡(chuang)、咽喉腫(zhong)痛(tong)、濕疹(zhen)等癥。白(bai)礬(fan):性(xing)寒(han)(han)、澀。寒(han)(han)以(yi)泄(xie)熱去毒,澀能(neng)收斂濕氣(qi),泄(xie)熱濕而化瘀濁,中醫治膽結石(shi)多(duo)用(yong)(yong)白(bai)礬(fan)。槐籽:性(xing)涼(liang),常用(yong)(yong)于清除(chu)濕熱,可(ke)治腸(chang)風(feng)便血(xue),痔瘡(chuang)等。紫(zi)花(hua)即紫(zi)葳之(zhi)花(hua),中醫稱凌霄(xiao)花(hua),性(xing)寒(han)(han)能(neng)除(chu)熱毒,功(gong)(gong)能(neng)涼(liang)血(xue)祛瘀,瀉(xie)肝抑陽,尤長于治療疔(ding)毒惡瘡(chuang)。這些中醫常用(yong)(yong)的寒(han)(han)涼(liang)之(zhi)品(pin)加入(ru)后(hou)(hou),吸用(yong)(yong)水煙(yan)就涼(liang)爽不燥,除(chu)熱化痰,具(ju)有防治邪熱瘡(chuang)毒,蛇蟲咬傷等功(gong)(gong)效(xiao)。
黃(huang)(huang)煙(yan)(yan)輔料姜黃(huang)(huang):性辛(xin)(xin)散(san)(san)溫(wen)通,中(zhong)醫(yi)常用于(yu)(yu)風濕痹痛(tong),又可用于(yu)(yu)癰(yong)(yong)瘍瘡疔。現代藥理研(yan)究(jiu)得(de)(de)出:姜黃(huang)(huang)能(neng)(neng)降血(xue)脂,可增加(jia)心肌營養(yang)(yang)(yang)性血(xue)流量,能(neng)(neng)抑制(zhi)血(xue)小板聚(ju)集和增強纖(xian)溶酶(mei)活(huo)性,從而有利于(yu)(yu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)動脈粥樣硬化、心絞痛(tong)和心肌梗死(si)。姜黃(huang)(huang)還(huan)能(neng)(neng)增加(jia)膽(dan)汁生(sheng)產和分(fen)泌,并能(neng)(neng)增強膽(dan)囊(nang)收縮(suo),從而起到利膽(dan)作用。此外,還(huan)有降壓、抗菌消(xiao)炎的(de)(de)作用。黃(huang)(huang)煙(yan)(yan)香料是由幾(ji)十味(wei)中(zhong)藥組成(cheng)。其中(zhong)細(xi)辛(xin)(xin)辛(xin)(xin)溫(wen)宣通,散(san)(san)寒(han)止痛(tong);薄荷疏散(san)(san)風熱、清(qing)利頭目、透疹利咽、理氣解郁;當歸補(bu)血(xue)和血(xue)、調(diao)經(jing)止痛(tong)、潤燥滑腸,且(qie)止咳逆上(shang)氣:白芷辛(xin)(xin)香,祛風止痛(tong);陳皮(pi)味(wei)辛(xin)(xin)氣溫(wen),上(shang)化痰(tan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)肺,肺得(de)(de)所養(yang)(yang)(yang)而津液(ye)貫輸,下(xia)疏肝去郁,肝疏泄(xie)則暢水(shui)道(dao);大黃(huang)(huang)性寒(han),瀉下(xia)導(dao)滯(zhi)、破(po)瘀(yu)行積、瀉火涼血(xue)、清(qing)熱解毒(du)(du),中(zhong)醫(yi)常用來治(zhi)(zhi)六腑實熱積滯(zhi)、血(xue)分(fen)實熱、濕熱下(xia)痢、黃(huang)(huang)疸瘕積、癰(yong)(yong)瘡腫(zhong)毒(du)(du)、血(xue)瘀(yu)經(jing)閉,跌打損(sun)傷等,并通大便(bian)、利小便(bian)。由中(zhong)藥材組成(cheng)的(de)(de)香料制(zhi)成(cheng)細(xi)沫(mo)后,在切絲前(qian)加(jia)入拌勻,在水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)儲運過程(cheng)中(zhong)藥性釋放(fang),溫(wen)和煙(yan)(yan)草的(de)(de)重陽之(zhi)性。在吸食燃(ran)燒時(shi)有效成(cheng)分(fen)進入煙(yan)(yan)氣,增加(jia)了防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)疾病的(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)。
這(zhe)些輔料不但沒(mei)有副作用(yong),且大多起著一(yi)石三(san)(san)鳥的有益作用(yong):一(yi)是(shi)在工(gong)藝和(he)外觀上或(huo)粘結或(huo)增(zeng)(zeng)色或(huo)增(zeng)(zeng)亮(liang)度;二是(shi)改(gai)進口味(wei),增(zeng)(zeng)加香味(wei),不使濃烈嗆(qiang)人;三(san)(san)是(shi)改(gai)善煙草性能,提升(sheng)了煙草善壯(zhuang)胃氣、祛陰濁寒滯、消肚脹宿食、除積聚諸(zhu)蟲,解郁(yu)結、止(zhi)疼痛,行氣散瘀、通達三(san)(san)焦的作用(yong)。增(zeng)(zeng)加了防治多種疾(ji)病(bing)、保健護體(ti)的功能。
長(chang)期過量吸(xi)(xi)用香(xiang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan),會使煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草中(zhong)(zhong)的有(you)害物(wu)質積累(lei)危害人體(ti)。尤其(qi)是焦(jiao)油(you)(you),是致病的主要因(yin)素,還含有(you)致癌物(wu)質。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)吸(xi)(xi)用方法(fa)去除有(you)害物(wu)質的機(ji)理十(shi)分科(ke)學。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)很好的溶解(jie)性,對(dui)微小固相物(wu)有(you)吸(xi)(xi)附作(zuo)用。吸(xi)(xi)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)時在(zai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)瓶上部(bu)空間形成(cheng)負壓(ya),使煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)穿(chuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)而過,與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)充分接觸,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的一(yi)氧(yang)化碳含量較少(shao),被(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶解(jie)。焦(jiao)油(you)(you)是有(you)機(ji)混合(he)物(wu),在(zai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)呈分散的原子(zi)團或微粒存在(zai),被(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分子(zi)吸(xi)(xi)附留(liu)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)堿經(jing)(jing)過濾(lv)也大(da)幅度降低(di)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)物(wu)學會科(ke)普委(wei)員朱(zhu)鑒明曾宣(xuan)布:“經(jing)(jing)研究證明,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)經(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的過濾(lv),焦(jiao)油(you)(you)、尼古丁?煙(yan)(yan)(yan)堿?、一(yi)氧(yang)化碳可減少(shao)三(san)分之二以(yi)上”。蘭州大(da)學生(sheng)物(wu)專家于1980年對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)與卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan),進行(xing)了煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)對(dui)比化驗,經(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)瓶過濾(lv)后(hou)的煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi),有(you)害物(wu)較其(qi)它煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草產(chan)品(pin)較低(di),并(bing)得出明確結論:“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)絲燃燒(shao)產(chan)生(sheng)的煙(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)經(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)過濾(lv)后(hou),不含有(you)自由(you)基指標的致癌物(wu)”。幾百年來吸(xi)(xi)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)中(zhong)(zhong)老年人居(ju)多,從未發(fa)現(xian)因(yin)吸(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)而生(sheng)病或身體(ti)不適的情況。很多老年人長(chang)期吸(xi)(xi)用蘭州水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan),卻(que)鶴發(fa)童顏,長(chang)壽健康。
蘭州水煙(yan)的(de)(de)吸用方法看似簡(jian)單,其實依據(ju)的(de)(de)是真空(kong)負壓(ya)原理,應用的(de)(de)是流體力學(xue)技術,使煙(yan)氣在水中經過化學(xue)物理作用,最有效的(de)(de)過濾(lv)了煙(yan)氣中的(de)(de)有害物質。其科(ke)學(xue)性至今世界領先,無與倫比。
歷(li)史上水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)瓶多由(you)蘇杭、湖廣和(he)上海(hai)等地手藝人制造。黃(huang)銅鑄成(cheng),打(da)磨光亮,刻制山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)花(hua)(hua)草圖(tu)或名詩(shi)佳句于上。精(jing)品(pin)用(yong)景泰藍工(gong)藝鑲(xiang)嵌了彩(cai)色花(hua)(hua)卉、山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、人物(wu)(wu)等圖(tu)案。既是(shi)生活常(chang)用(yong)器具,又是(shi)文(wen)雅的(de)工(gong)藝品(pin),擺設(she)于案頭幾(ji)桌,隨時使用(yong)把(ba)玩(wan)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)袋、夜光杯、紫砂壺共同成(cheng)為煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)酒茶文(wen)化的(de)載體,受到人們的(de)喜愛。廬山(shan)、張(zhang)家界、峨眉(mei)山(shan)等著名旅游勝地,文(wen)物(wu)(wu)古董(dong)店里(li)均能看到古色古香的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)袋。現(xian)代傳(chuan)媒播放(fang)的(de)歷(li)史影視劇中(zhong),也(ye)常(chang)出(chu)現(xian)手托(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)袋的(de)人物(wu)(wu)劇情。宋(song)詩(shi)人黃(huang)庭堅有一聯(lian)語為:“風(feng)浪(lang)井(jing)、博浪(lang)風(feng),風(feng)自浪(lang)興。”長時無佳對(dui)(dui),后人從吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)得到啟發,對(dui)(dui)曰(yue):“煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)亭、吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)從水(shui)(shui)(shui)起。”還有一副(fu)寫食品(pin)的(de)聯(lian)語為:咸月(yue)、甜月(yue)、五仁月(yue)、豆沙(sha)冰月(yue),鵝油酥月(yue);嚼煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、鼻煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、老旱煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、蘭州水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、云(yun)南卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。兩副(fu)對(dui)(dui)聯(lian)均巧妙地把(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)融(rong)入文(wen)學作品(pin)。
綜上所(suo)(suo)述,蘭州(zhou)水煙(yan)配方的(de)科學(xue)性(xing)、吸(xi)(xi)用方法的(de)先進性(xing)、吸(xi)(xi)用器(qi)具的(de)文(wen)化性(xing),在中國煙(yan)草乃(nai)至世界煙(yan)草史上是空前的(de)。這三(san)大特性(xing)既是它(ta)興盛(sheng)300多年的(de)秘密,也(ye)是它(ta)旺盛(sheng)的(de)生命力之所(suo)(suo)在。可以斷言: 蘭州(zhou)水煙(yan)被(bei)人們重新認識之日,就是它(ta)復興之時。
據市(shi)場調查預(yu)測,蘭(lan)州水(shui)煙(yan)尚有100萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)消費(fei)群體(ti),分布在10多(duo)個省(sheng)區的(de)(de)農(nong)漁牧(mu)林(lin)區,消費(fei)對(dui)象主要為(wei)(wei)中老年人,年消費(fei)量約200萬(wan)(wan)(wan)斤至300萬(wan)(wan)(wan)斤。如果推動技術進步(bu),改善吸用(yong)(yong)不(bu)便(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)缺點,使消費(fei)者便(bian)(bian)于攜帶吸用(yong)(yong);加大(da)宣傳,讓世人知曉它防病保健的(de)(de)功能;開拓各地市(shi)場,尤其(qi)是(shi)休閑旅游市(shi)場,蘭(lan)州水(shui)煙(yan)的(de)(de)市(shi)場潛力是(shi)十分巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)。恢復到年產銷1000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)斤以(yi)上(shang),年實現銷售(shou)收(shou)入3000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)元以(yi)上(shang),稅收(shou)1000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)元以(yi)上(shang)是(shi)極可能的(de)(de)。為(wei)(wei)此(ci),政府、企業和各有關(guan)方面(mian)應共同努力,從以(yi)下(xia)幾個方面(mian)去做(zuo):
首先,應針(zhen)對生產銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)(de)混亂狀態(tai),從種植(zhi)收購、生產加工、市場銷(xiao)售(shou)進行(xing)全(quan)面整治。黃花煙(yan)(yan)(yan)列(lie)入《名晾曬煙(yan)(yan)(yan)目(mu)錄(lu)》,已納(na)入了《煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)法(fa)》管理的(de)(de)范疇。省上確定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)點企業取得《煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)專賣(mai)生產企業許可證》,意(yi)味著具(ju)有(you)(you)惟一的(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)性。政(zheng)府及有(you)(you)關(guan)部門應履行(xing)執(zhi)法(fa)職能,取締(di)各地(di)其它無(wu)證生產銷(xiao)售(shou)活動,蘭州(zhou)水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)幾百年(nian)來市場在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)各地(di),而蘇(su)浙閩是主要(yao)市場,沿海漁民是主要(yao)消(xiao)費者(zhe),也是深受漁民喜愛(ai)的(de)(de)每日生活必需品。有(you)(you)關(guan)部門把(ba)蘭州(zhou)水煙(yan)(yan)(yan)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)本地(di)銷(xiao)售(shou),是無(wu)視消(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)當需求,損害(hai)消(xiao)費者(zhe)合(he)法(fa)權益的(de)(de)不當行(xing)為(wei)。人大(da)代表、政(zheng)協委員應反映(ying)社(she)情民意(yi),通過議案(an)提案(an)向國(guo)家有(you)(you)關(guan)部門建議糾正(zheng)(zheng),準予運往消(xiao)費區合(he)法(fa)銷(xiao)售(shou)。
其次,蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)(shui)煙與蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)牛(niu)肉面、蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)百合共為(wei)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)三大特產(chan),聞名(ming)全國。讓這樣一張名(ming)片失去(qu)光彩,何嘗不(bu)是蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)一大損失。定點企(qi)業(ye)榆中縣水(shui)(shui)煙廠,是1956年老字號(hao)煙坊公(gong)私合營組(zu)成的(de)(de)國有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye),已累計(ji)上繳稅利(li)1億(yi)多(duo),曾(ceng)是縣財政的(de)(de)主要(yao)稅源、縣域經(jing)濟的(de)(de)支(zhi)柱產(chan)業(ye)和帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)農業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)化的(de)(de)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)。但因機(ji)制不(bu)活、歷史(shi)包袱沉(chen)重(zhong)、基礎設(she)施(shi)陳舊,亟須脫胎換(huan)骨,煥發新(xin)的(de)(de)青(qing)春活力(li)。應(ying)盡(jin)快(kuai)按市(shi)(shi)上國企(qi)改(gai)革(ge)攻堅計(ji)劃改(gai)制,組(zu)建蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)(shui)煙有(you)(you)限責任(ren)公(gong)司(si),運用現代企(qi)業(ye)經(jing)營機(ji)制,加快(kuai)技術創新(xin)步(bu)伐、開拓新(xin)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場,做(zuo)大做(zuo)強(qiang)。徐守盛副省(sheng)長曾(ceng)在(zai)有(you)(you)關(guan)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)(shui)煙的(de)(de)一份(fen)報告批示中寫到(dao):“我作為(wei)江蘇(su)沿(yan)海(hai)的(de)(de)一位(wei)漁民子弟,可(ke)以(yi)證明(ming),蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)(shui)煙在(zai)江蘇(su)沿(yan)海(hai)一帶(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)相當的(de)(de)消費群體。”體現出省(sheng)政府(fu)對(dui)發展地(di)方(fang)特色產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)重(zhong)視和支(zhi)持。復(fu)興蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)(shui)煙既有(you)(you)光明(ming)的(de)(de)前景,也非(fei)易(yi)事,還(huan)需各(ge)級政府(fu)給(gei)予必要(yao)的(de)(de)輸血扶持。如稅收返還(huan),列入(ru)扶優扶強(qiang)項目進行(xing)資金支(zhi)持等(deng)。
第三(san),利用(yong)電影、電視劇、新聞報(bao)道、電腦網絡以及(ji)書刊雜志等各種(zhong)可用(yong)的方式(shi),大力宣傳(chuan)蘭州水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)的優越性(xing)。進(jin)行(xing)原產地、水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)之鄉(xiang)、老(lao)字號、名優產品申報(bao),取得(de)國家有關部門的認定。委托國家權威檢測機構(gou)進(jin)一步(bu)作(zuo)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)化驗分析報(bao)告。深入調查長期吸用(yong)蘭州水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)高(gao)壽老(lao)人(ren)的反映,取得(de)醫療機構(gou)檢查身(shen)體的情況,提高(gao)宣傳(chuan)工作(zuo)的含金量。
第(di)四,蘭(lan)州(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)興盛時(shi)期之長(chang)(chang),覆蓋地(di)(di)域之廣,形成(cheng)(cheng)了一種(zhong)(zhong)民俗風情,休閑文(wen)化。作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一個工(gong)業產(chan)品,世為(wei)(wei)(wei)罕見,值(zhi)得研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究。一是文(wen)化層(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究,主要是從文(wen)化內涵(han)上(shang)去發(fa)掘(jue),為(wei)(wei)(wei)宣傳擴大影響作(zuo)(zuo)后盾。可(ke)(ke)(ke)邀請政府官員、文(wen)史民俗、文(wen)物考古、作(zuo)(zuo)家記者中對(dui)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)有興趣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各界知名人(ren)士(shi)參加,定期交流信息,提出建議。二是技術層(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究開發(fa),推進技術創新(xin)(xin),加快(kuai)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)換代。可(ke)(ke)(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)立蘭(lan)州(zhou)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究所,掛靠有關(guan)部門或定點企業,以有關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術人(ren)員為(wei)(wei)(wei)骨干(gan),與(yu)大專院校及(ji)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)合作(zuo)(zuo),每(mei)年完成(cheng)(cheng)若干(gan)個課題。技術研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)要在三個主攻方向上(shang)展開:首先,要針(zhen)對(dui)吸(xi)用繁(fan)瑣(suo)不(bu)便(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制一次裝煙(yan)(yan)就能過癮(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)產(chan)品,如小煙(yan)(yan)卷,進而研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制不(bu)同(tong)功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)產(chan)品,以滿足不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。其次,要針(zhen)對(dui)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)袋體大沉重(zhong),攜(xie)帶(dai)不(bu)便(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制便(bian)(bian)于攜(xie)帶(dai)外(wai)出使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)袋。還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)開發(fa)各種(zhong)(zhong)造(zao)型?如動(dong)植物、歷(li)史人(ren)物等(deng)?、各種(zhong)(zhong)材質?如陶(tao)瓷、玻璃(li)等(deng)?的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)瓶,逐步建立長(chang)(chang)久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)基地(di)(di)。試想:一個憨態(tai)可(ke)(ke)(ke)掬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陶(tao)瓷熊(xiong)貓水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)袋,既實用,又(you)是工(gong)藝(yi)品,可(ke)(ke)(ke)擺可(ke)(ke)(ke)藏;一個透明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玻璃(li)水(shui)煙(yan)(yan)袋,可(ke)(ke)(ke)直觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看見煙(yan)(yan)氣穿水(shui)過濾(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情景及(ji)焦油使水(shui)變色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。會是什么樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場效果﹖另外(wai),還(huan)要對(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)及(ji)煙(yan)(yan)葉栽培技術進行研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究,指導煙(yan)(yan)農種(zhong)(zhong)好煙(yan)(yan),多(duo)受(shou)益。
第五,蘇浙閩沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)地區(qu)漁民(min),常在(zai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上作業(ye),吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)以(yi)除濕熱(re);內蒙古、新疆、青海(hai)(hai)(hai)、西藏、寧夏氣(qi)候較(jiao)冷(leng),農牧民(min)肉食較(jiao)多,吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)以(yi)消(xiao)除滯脹(zhang);川陜甘(gan)晉山區(qu)農民(min)吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)以(yi)防(fang)陰濕造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身體不適(shi)。這些傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場已(yi)延續幾百年(nian),要鞏固擴大。東(dong)(dong)北是(shi)(shi)最早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要市(shi)場,滿族人喜好水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan),入關主政(zheng)把(ba)(ba)蘭州水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)推(tui)上了(le)(le)頂(ding)峰,雖(sui)然中斷了(le)(le)60多年(nian),影(ying)響應(ying)(ying)該還有(you),應(ying)(ying)該努力(li)恢復。兩廣、海(hai)(hai)(hai)南及(ji)云貴山區(qu)農民(min)至(zhi)今多保持著(zhu)吸竹(zhu)筒水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣,但(dan)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)自(zi)產烤煙(yan)絲,應(ying)(ying)讓(rang)他們嘗試一下祖先吸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘭州水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)。湛江(jiang)市(shi)把(ba)(ba)竹(zhu)筒水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)作為民(min)俗風(feng)情,擺放(fang)在(zai)茶(cha)館酒(jiu)吧、飯鋪商店顯(xian)眼位置,以(yi)引旅游賓客,是(shi)(shi)值得借(jie)鑒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。山東(dong)(dong)河北沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)地區(qu)也應(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)潛(qian)在(zai)市(shi)場。歷史上港澳臺也有(you)銷售,東(dong)(dong)南亞,甚(shen)至(zhi)歐美華人也有(you)消(xiao)費。當今世界流行回歸于自(zi)然,發揚(yang)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)氣(qi)。蘭州水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煙(yan)所獨(du)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無害防(fang)病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質,出(chu)口(kou)前景(jing)也是(shi)(shi)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
第六,蘭州(zhou)水(shui)煙在興盛(sheng)時,全國不少客(ke)商參與經(jing)營(ying)(ying),特別(bie)是陜商投(tou)入(ru)巨(ju)資(zi)直(zhi)接從事生產經(jing)營(ying)(ying),為發展蘭州(zhou)水(shui)煙作出了重要貢獻(xian)。要恢(hui)復昔日的(de)(de)(de)輝煌,應(ying)(ying)吸引(yin)蘇浙(zhe)閩(min)甚(shen)至港(gang)澳臺尋找投(tou)資(zi)機會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)商前來(lai)投(tou)資(zi)合(he)作,借助(zhu)他(ta)們雄厚的(de)(de)(de)財力和靈活的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)頭腦來(lai)發展我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)特產。以其幾(ji)百年錘煉的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質內(nei)涵,廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)市場潛力,做成有(you)深度(du)的(de)(de)(de)項目(mu),招商引(yin)資(zi)應(ying)(ying)有(you)吸引(yin)力。
蘭州水(shui)煙(yan)既是一個馳(chi)名全(quan)國(guo)的甘(gan)肅特(te)產(chan),又(you)屬(shu)于煙(yan)草行業,要(yao)得到復興,就要(yao)做好(hao)“保護、扶(fu)持(chi)、創新(xin)、宣傳、開發(fa)”諸方面(mian)的工作。
蘭州水(shui)煙是(shi)一個歷史悠久的地方(fang)特產,也是(shi)一個享譽(yu)全國(guo)的名牌產品(pin)。它先(xian)進吸用方(fang)法和(he)科學(xue)配方(fang)形成的無(wu)害(hai)性、保健(jian)性功能,迎合現(xian)代(dai)人們(men)(men)追求健(jian)康的潮流;它吸用器具的文(wen)化藝術內涵,正遇當(dang)今(jin)人們(men)(men)喜歡在(zai)旅游休閑中欣賞民俗風情的時(shi)尚,具有旺(wang)盛的生命(ming)力。