一.產品介紹
鐘祥市位于湖北中部(bu),漢江中游,江漢平(ping)原北部(bu),是“中國優秀旅游城市”,“中國長壽之鄉”,“世界文化遺產——明(ming)顯陵”所在地,是明(ming)朝嘉靖皇帝的(de)發(fa)祥地。境內交通便利(li),鐵路(lu)(lu),高速公路(lu)(lu),207國道,省道,鄉村公路(lu)(lu)等路(lu)(lu)網(wang)縱橫交錯。境內風(feng)光(guang)秀麗,鐘聚祥瑞,人杰(jie)地靈。西(xi)瓜溫、光(guang)、水等資源豐(feng)富(fu),土地肥沃,地質(zhi)優良,氣候適(shi)宜,耕作便利(li),栽培模式新,農業生產條件好,所產西(xi)瓜個大(da)、皮薄、味甜、口(kou)感好、含糖量高。
鐘(zhong)(zhong)祥(xiang)市獲得省(sheng)以上綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)(無公害(hai)食品(pin)(pin))48個,其中(zhong)綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)嘗(chang)28個,無公害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)20個。來(lai)自(zi)長壽之鄉(xiang)的綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)——西瓜將(jiang)給你高(gao)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)生活(huo)帶(dai)來(lai)保證。 鐘(zhong)(zhong)祥(xiang)還(huan)是中(zhong)國(guo)著名的長壽之鄉(xiang),經專家(jia)檢測(ce),鐘(zhong)(zhong)祥(xiang)境內的土壤(rang)、水(shui)質(zhi)和(he)大氣質(zhi)量(liang)均是一流,水(shui)和(he)土壤(rang)中(zhong)含有人體必須(xu)的鉬、鍶、鉀等多種微量(liang)元素(su),太陽輻(fu)射平(ping)均能112.364千(qian)卡/平(ping)米,這(zhe)些都為生產出(chu)健康綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)提供了有利(li)條件(jian)。
自1990年以(yi)來(lai),鐘(zhong)祥市(shi)堅持以(yi)發展西(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)產(chan)業為(wei)主導產(chan)業,積極(ji)引導瓜(gua)(gua)農種植新品種,鐘(zhong)祥市(shi)已有10多個鄉鎮(zhen)發展西(xi)(xi)甜瓜(gua)(gua)種植,面積近十(shi)萬畝,形成西(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)產(chan)業群,年產(chan)西(xi)(xi)甜瓜(gua)(gua)40萬噸以(yi)上。
主(zhu)要品種有:花皮(pi)有籽系(xi)列、黑(hei)皮(pi)無(wu)籽、花皮(pi)無(wu)籽系(xi)列、美國黑(hei)將(jiang)軍、黑(hei)美人及伊麗莎白甜瓜等,早中(zhong)晚(wan)熟兼顧。上(shang)市周期:六月(yue)中(zhong)旬-九月(yue)下(xia)旬。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情(qing)況(kuang):土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)分布為(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)沙、北(bei)(bei)粘、中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu),PH值5.6-7.5,西(xi)部(bu)屬(shu)河(he)流沖(chong)積物(wu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)地積有(you)(you)(you)厚10米(mi)左右的(de)(de)(de)沙質土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang),富(fu)(fu)含(han)西(xi)瓜生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)所需的(de)(de)(de)微量元素,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)疏(shu)松(song),富(fu)(fu)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)機質,透(tou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)好。適宜種植區屬(shu)屬(shu)崗邊湖(hu)(hu)形,自然(ran)分割為(wei)(wei)(wei)平原湖(hu)(hu)區和(he)丘陵(ling)高(gao)阜(fu)兩種單元,境內(nei)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)海拔60m,最(zui)(zui)低(di)海拔47.5m。種植區遠離交通干(gan)線,無(wu)工礦(kuang)企(qi)(qi)業、醫(yi)院、垃(la)圾(ji)處理場(chang)等污染(ran)源。人畜生(sheng)(sheng)活垃(la)圾(ji)全部(bu)進入沼氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)池(chi)處理后排放。 (2)水(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang):官莊湖(hu)(hu)境內(nei)水(shui)資源豐富(fu)(fu),除有(you)(you)(you)漢江、長(chang)(chang)壽河(he)兩大(da)水(shui)系外,還有(you)(you)(you)商家(jia)(jia)湖(hu)(hu)、廟家(jia)(jia)湖(hu)(hu)、官汊湖(hu)(hu)、幸(xing)湖(hu)(hu)、林家(jia)(jia)湖(hu)(hu)等五(wu)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)庫,提供充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)灌溉(gai)水(shui)源,同時(shi),地下(xia)水(shui)資源豐富(fu)(fu),含(han)有(you)(you)(you)豐富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)礦(kuang)物(wu)質,沒有(you)(you)(you)工礦(kuang)企(qi)(qi)業污染(ran)源,水(shui)質清澈、純凈(jing),是(shi)理想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)官莊湖(hu)(hu)西(xi)瓜生(sheng)(sheng)產用水(shui)。 (3)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)情(qing)況(kuang):官莊湖(hu)(hu)西(xi)瓜種植區域內(nei)屬(shu)于(yu)北(bei)(bei)亞熱帶(dai)潮濕性(xing)大(da)陸季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),屬(shu)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)南北(bei)(bei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)過渡帶(dai)。水(shui)熱條件(jian)較好,光照(zhao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he),雨量充(chong)(chong)(chong)沛,四季分明,具有(you)(you)(you)冬(dong)少嚴寒,夏無(wu)酷暑(shu),終(zhong)年(nian)(nian)濕潤的(de)(de)(de)特點。年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15.9℃,最(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1月(yue)(yue),平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)3℃,最(zui)(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)-13.9℃,最(zui)(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)7-8月(yue)(yue),平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)27.8℃,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)39.7℃,全年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期233-250天,初霜日(ri)一般在(zai)11月(yue)(yue)11日(ri)-12月(yue)(yue)9日(ri),終(zhong)霜日(ri)2月(yue)(yue)16-18日(ri)。年(nian)(nian)平均降(jiang)雨量1000mm左右,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量1555.6mm。年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數2100小(xiao)時(shi),全年(nian)(nian)太陽總輻射量112千卡 /cm2。全年(nian)(nian)盛行南北(bei)(bei)風,其中(zhong)(zhong)4-8月(yue)(yue)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)南風,年(nian)(nian)平均風速為(wei)(wei)(wei)3m/s,具有(you)(you)(you)適宜官莊湖(hu)(hu)西(xi)瓜生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)良好氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)條件(jian)。
三.地域范圍
官莊湖(hu)(hu)西(xi)瓜產(chan)于鐘(zhong)祥市官莊湖(hu)(hu)管理區,位于湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)(bei)省中部,漢(han)(han)江(jiang)中游(you),江(jiang)漢(han)(han)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)北(bei)(bei)端,江(jiang)漢(han)(han)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)與(yu)(yu)鄂北(bei)(bei)崗(gang)地(di)的過渡帶,鐘(zhong)祥市境內。東(dong)傍(bang)方(fang)河,西(xi)臨漢(han)(han)江(jiang),南(nan)瀕(bin)殷河,北(bei)(bei)倚丘(qiu)崗(gang)。地(di)形(xing)屬崗(gang)邊湖(hu)(hu)形(xing),自然分割為平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)湖(hu)(hu)區和丘(qiu)陵(ling)高阜(fu)兩種單元。版圖面積(ji)58.69平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)。地(di)理坐標為東(dong)經(jing)112°25′15″—112°37′17″,北(bei)(bei)緯31°15′22″—31°19′41″之間(jian)。整(zheng)個地(di)形(xing)為四周高、中間(jian)及(ji)近(jin)丘(qiu)陵(ling)低的碟形(xing)盆地(di),海拔高度47.5-60米(mi)。東(dong)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)三面與(yu)(yu)洋梓(zi)鎮相(xiang)鄰,西(xi)臨漢(han)(han)江(jiang),與(yu)(yu)磷(lin)礦鎮隔(ge)江(jiang)相(xiang)望。官莊湖(hu)(hu)西(xi)瓜常(chang)年種植面積(ji)30000畝,每年可生(sheng)產(chan)優質官莊湖(hu)(hu)西(xi)瓜10萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1) 外(wai)(wai)在感官(guan)(guan)(guan)特征:官(guan)(guan)(guan)莊(zhuang)湖(hu)西瓜(gua)果(guo)實圓球型(xing),果(guo)型(xing)指數約1.0;花皮(pi),綠底覆墨綠條帶,外(wai)(wai)形(xing)美觀;沙(sha)瓤(rang),味甜,口感好;瓜(gua)瓤(rang)紅色,瓤(rang)色均(jun)勻一致;單(dan)果(guo)重約3.5-5.5㎏;果(guo)皮(pi)厚度約1.0cm,可食率高。商品性好。 (2)內在品質指標:官(guan)(guan)(guan)莊(zhuang)湖(hu)西瓜(gua)總糖(tang)≧8.0%,可溶性固形(xing)物≥9.5﹪,總酸含量(liang)≦0.35﹪,維(wei)生(sheng)素C≧40㎎。 (3)質量(liang)安(an)全規定:官(guan)(guan)(guan)莊(zhuang)湖(hu)西瓜(gua)執行(xing)《無(wu)公害食品西瓜(gua)NY5110-2002》標準。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選擇(ze):官莊(zhuang)湖(hu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)選擇(ze)光照(zhao)充足(zu),土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)厚、土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)沃、透氣(qi)性(xing)好(hao)、排灌(guan)便利(li)、有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)棕壤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區域內(nei)無(wu)污(wu)染,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件良(liang)好(hao)遠(yuan)離(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)礦企(qi)業,灌(guan)溉用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing)潔(jie),空氣(qi)清(qing)新(xin)。 (2)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze):官莊(zhuang)湖(hu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)經審定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)推廣的(de)(de)(de)(de),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育期適宜(yi),抗逆性(xing)強、耐(nai)病(bing)性(xing)好(hao)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量高(gao)、品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)早(zao)佳84-24為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li):官莊(zhuang)湖(hu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程嚴格按(an)照(zhao)已建(jian)(jian)(jian)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)《官莊(zhuang)湖(hu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量控制技術規(gui)范(fan))》操(cao)作,尤其要(yao)注重以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)環節(jie)(jie)(jie): A 基地(di)(di)(di)選擇(ze) 選擇(ze)無(wu)污(wu)染和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區。要(yao)求光照(zhao)充足(zu)、排灌(guan)便利(li),土(tu)壤要(yao)求土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)厚、肥(fei)(fei)沃、透氣(qi)性(xing)好(hao)、有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量高(gao);土(tu)壤pH值5.6-7.5。遠(yuan)離(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)礦企(qi)業,灌(guan)溉用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing)潔(jie)。 土(tu)壤環境、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量及其它達到 NY5110-2002無(wu)公害食品(pin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)求。 B 種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技術 ①適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),培(pei)(pei)(pei)育壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao) 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間:生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)推廣嫁(jia)(jia)接苗(miao)(miao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。砧木(葫(hu)蘆)提(ti)前(qian)(qian)(qian)半月(yue)(yue)(yue)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(早(zao)熟(shu))栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)播(bo)(bo),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)元(yuan)月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)播(bo)(bo);接穗大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)元(yuan)月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)播(bo)(bo),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)播(bo)(bo)。 種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li):葫(hu)蘆、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)均(jun)(jun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)55℃熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)燙(tang)種(zhong)(zhong)10-15分鐘,讓其自然冷卻后(hou)(hou)(hou)浸泡12小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)紗網包(bao)(bao)裹(guo)反復搓洗后(hou)(hou)(hou)催(cui)(cui)芽。葫(hu)蘆、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)均(jun)(jun)放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)30-32℃、無(wu)籽西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)32-33℃催(cui)(cui)芽箱(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催(cui)(cui)芽,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)6-8小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)洗一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),催(cui)(cui)芽至種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)露白(bai)(bai)止(zhi)。 建(jian)(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang):在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)跨(kua)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5-6米大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang),長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)限,整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)畦(qi)(qi)面(mian)(mian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)鋪地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),將育苗(miao)(miao)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)噴(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)適量填充在(zai)(zai)(zai)穴盤內(nei),均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)擺放(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong):用(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)指或器具在(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)個(ge)盤孔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間按(an)壓(ya)成(cheng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)穴,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)穴播(bo)(bo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)粒有芽種(zhong)(zhong),均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)覆蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)不(bu)見種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),并(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)噴(pen)壺或噴(pen)霧(wu)器適量噴(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 覆膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)濕(shi):播(bo)(bo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)畦(qi)(qi)面(mian)(mian)覆蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)濕(shi),加蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),出苗(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)30℃左(zuo)右(you),陰(yin)天(tian)(tian)和(he)夜(ye)晚(wan)(wan)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)采(cai)取電(dian)輔加熱(re),如電(dian)加溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)熱(re)、燈(deng)泡增(zeng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 嫁(jia)(jia)接:葫(hu)蘆苗(miao)(miao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)葉(xie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)心、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)子(zi)(zi)(zi)葉(xie)期嫁(jia)(jia)接,用(yong)(yong)(yong)刀片(pian)剔(ti)除(chu)葫(hu)蘆苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)點,用(yong)(yong)(yong)竹(zhu)簽(qian)成(cheng)30度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)角斜插,深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)以(yi)剛穿過(guo)表(biao)皮為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)在(zai)(zai)(zai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)葉(xie)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)1-1.5㎝處(chu)(chu)斜切成(cheng)30度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),拔出竹(zhu)簽(qian)迅速插入西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)苗(miao)(miao)。 苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li):嫁(jia)(jia)接后(hou)(hou)(hou)迅速在(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)濕(shi),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)床(chuang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)20-25℃,約3-4天(tian)(tian)傷口(kou)(kou)愈合(he)后(hou)(hou)(hou)揭(jie)(jie)除(chu)地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。晴(qing)天(tian)(tian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)25℃左(zuo)右(you),陰(yin)天(tian)(tian)和(he)夜(ye)晚(wan)(wan)電(dian)輔加熱(re),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)草(cao)簾保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)防(fang)(fang)凍(dong)。大(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)毛(mao)竹(zhu)搭建(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),覆蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)農膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)防(fang)(fang)凍(dong)。 ②、搭棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di) 建(jian)(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng):搭建(jian)(jian)(jian)跨(kua)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)5-6m的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥骨架(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),頂(ding)高(gao)2.1-2.2m,長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)限,以(yi)60-80m為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。 整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di):提(ti)前(qian)(qian)(qian)1-2個(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)翻耕熟(shu)化土(tu)壤。地(di)(di)(di)爬(pa)式栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)5-6m寬(kuan)(kuan)大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)兩(liang)(liang)廂,分別覆蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)2-2.5m地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo);小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)2.5m包(bao)(bao)溝開(kai)廂作畦(qi)(qi),覆蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)2-2.5m地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。覆地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)前(qian)(qian)(qian)預放(fang)(fang)置灌(guan)溉用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)軟管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)廂1根,放(fang)(fang)置距定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴20-30㎝處(chu)(chu)。搭架(jia)(jia)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)按(an)1.2m包(bao)(bao)溝開(kai)廂作畦(qi)(qi),覆蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)1m地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),畦(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間預放(fang)(fang)置灌(guan)溉用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)軟管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)1根。 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei):定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)10-15天(tian)(tian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入基肥(fei)(fei),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667㎡施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)腐熟(shu)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)2000-3000㎏、硫(liu)(liu)酸鉀(jia)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)65㎏、硼(peng)肥(fei)(fei)0.5㎏。有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)、硼(peng)肥(fei)(fei)帶狀施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)于栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)畦(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間。 覆棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo):大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)以(yi)裙(qun)(qun)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)方式覆膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),覆蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)0.06-0.08㎜厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)滴膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),6m跨(kua)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)頂(ding)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)幅寬(kuan)(kuan)6.6m,5m跨(kua)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)頂(ding)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)寬(kuan)(kuan)5.7m,裙(qun)(qun)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)寬(kuan)(kuan)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1m,用(yong)(yong)(yong)壓(ya)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)線固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。提(ti)前(qian)(qian)(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),提(ti)高(gao)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 ③、定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi) 大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun),搶晴(qing)天(tian)(tian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)廂居中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667㎡定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)1300-1500株,露地(di)(di)(di)覆膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)打孔每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667㎡定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)600-700株。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆足(zu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)根水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),插竹(zhu)片(pian)搭建(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),覆蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)2-2.5m農膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)防(fang)(fang)寒。 ④、田(tian)間管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 控溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei),在(zai)(zai)(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)覆蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)草(cao)簾保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),草(cao)簾早(zao)揭(jie)(jie)晚(wan)(wan)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)。根據(ju)(ju)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)變化,大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)裙(qun)(qun)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)與頂(ding)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)之間通(tong)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)方式通(tong)過(guo)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)兩(liang)(liang)頭農膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)及側面(mian)(mian)開(kai)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)控制棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),晴(qing)天(tian)(tian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)28-35℃,陰(yin)天(tian)(tian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),夜(ye)晚(wan)(wan)10-15℃。大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)拆除(chu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),6月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)拆除(chu)裙(qun)(qun)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留頂(ding)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)防(fang)(fang)雨;小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)20℃左(zuo)右(you),棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)影響瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),揭(jie)(jie)除(chu)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。 灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui):根據(ju)(ju)土(tu)壤墑情適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),晴(qing)天(tian)(tian)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。 追肥(fei)(fei):定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)活(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沖(chong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)(liu)酸鉀(jia)1-2次(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667㎡用(yong)(yong)(yong)量2㎏;蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)長(chang)40㎝左(zuo)右(you)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667㎡沖(chong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)(liu)酸鉀(jia)4㎏;瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)座(zuo)穩后(hou)(hou)(hou)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667㎡沖(chong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)(liu)酸鉀(jia)8㎏;第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)采(cai)收后(hou)(hou)(hou)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667㎡沖(chong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)(liu)酸鉀(jia)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)20㎏促進(jin)植(zhi)(zhi)株生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),再收一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)壓(ya)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man):地(di)(di)(di)爬(pa)式栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)雙蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)長(chang)約30-40㎝時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)和(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)健壯(zhuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man),多(duo)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)去(qu)掉,整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)宜(yi)選晴(qing)天(tian)(tian)進(jin)行。兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)與定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)行成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)引向栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)畦(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)邊,使(shi)之在(zai)(zai)(zai)畦(qi)(qi)面(mian)(mian)分布均(jun)(jun)勻(yun),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)和(he)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)側蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)去(qu)掉;蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)長(chang)60-70㎝時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)50㎝左(zuo)右(you)壓(ya)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man),以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)隔40-50㎝壓(ya)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),座(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)節(jie)(jie)(jie)位前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)隔1-2節(jie)(jie)(jie)壓(ya)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)。 吊(diao)(diao)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man):大(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)搭架(jia)(jia)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)單蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi),蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)長(chang)約30-40㎝時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)繩吊(diao)(diao)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man),人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)將瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)沿塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)繩向上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)纏(chan)繞。 人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)授(shou)粉(fen):留第二(er)或第三雌花座(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),于早(zao)晨7-9時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)摘當(dang)天(tian)(tian)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雄花,人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)授(shou)粉(fen),促進(jin)座(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),標簽(qian)注明授(shou)粉(fen)日(ri)期。 吊(diao)(diao)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua):大(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)搭架(jia)(jia)式栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei),幼瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)已坐穩,果實(shi)約0.5㎏,用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)網袋吊(diao)(diao)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 ⑤、病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi) 實(shi)行預防(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法。 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害:蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)虱; 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)害:早(zao)期疫病(bing)、炭疽病(bing),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)病(bing)、蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)。 具體防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)治(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi): 農業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)實(shi)行水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)旱輪作,減少(shao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);嫁(jia)(jia)接換根,防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)土(tu)傳病(bing)害;二(er)是(shi)加強田(tian)間管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),促進(jin)植(zhi)(zhi)株健壯(zhuang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),增(zeng)強抗病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)能力。 物理(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):露地(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)10005-13740㎡(15-20畝)安裝(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)盞頻振式殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)、大(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667㎡掛40×25㎝的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)板40塊誘殺蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、粉(fen)虱。 藥劑防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)10﹪吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)啉1000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi),白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)虱用(yong)(yong)(yong)10﹪撲虱靈(ling)乳油1000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。 疫病(bing)發病(bing)初期用(yong)(yong)(yong)72﹪杜邦克露700倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu),5-7天(tian)(tian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),連續2-3次(ci)(ci)(ci);炭疽病(bing)、白(bai)(bai)粉(fen)病(bing)發病(bing)初期用(yong)(yong)(yong)1:1:200波爾多(duo)液(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu),5-7天(tian)(tian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),連續2-3次(ci)(ci)(ci);蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)發病(bing)初期用(yong)(yong)(yong)75﹪百菌清(qing)600倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu),5-7天(tian)(tian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),連續2-3次(ci)(ci)(ci)。 (4)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收獲及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。 ①、采(cai)收時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期 第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)開(kai)花后(hou)(hou)(hou)約30天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(you),第二(er)批(pi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)開(kai)花后(hou)(hou)(hou)約26天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(you),且果面(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)明顯,卷(juan)須(xu)枯(ku)(ku)萎,果柄茸毛(mao)脫落,即可采(cai)收上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)。采(cai)收前(qian)(qian)(qian)20天(tian)(tian)停止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)任何(he)農藥;采(cai)收時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)果兩(liang)(liang)剪,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段莖蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)。 ②、采(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li) 官莊(zhuang)湖(hu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)采(cai)收后(hou)(hou)(hou)輕拿輕放(fang)(fang),防(fang)(fang)日(ri)曬、防(fang)(fang)雨淋。并(bing)按(an)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、著(zhu)色程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等進(jin)行嚴格分級(ji),裝(zhuang)入果箱(xiang),存放(fang)(fang)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)倉庫內(nei),并(bing)確保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)陰(yin)涼通(tong)風(feng)(feng),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)空氣(qi)流(liu)通(tong)。 分級(ji)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)運輸:包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)清(qing)潔(jie)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)毒、無(wu)異味,注明品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)、商標及已獲得農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)認證的(de)(de)(de)(de)標志(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)行外(wai)銷。 (5)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要(yao)求 官莊(zhuang)湖(hu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)程,要(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、投入品(pin)記(ji)錄檔案,專(zhuan)(zhuan)人(ren)負(fu)責,全面(mian)(mian)記(ji)載每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)環節(jie)(jie)(jie)技術措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)并(bing)妥善(shan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)存,以(yi)備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定
官(guan)莊(zhuang)湖西(xi)瓜地(di)域范圍內的地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)經營者,在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品或包裝(zhuang)上使(shi)(shi)用(yong)已獲登記保護(hu)的官(guan)莊(zhuang)湖西(xi)瓜農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志,須(xu)向(xiang)登記證書持有(you)人:鐘祥(xiang)市官(guan)莊(zhuang)湖管理(li)區提出申(shen)請(qing),并按(an)照相關要求規范生產(chan)(chan)和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志,統一采(cai)用(yong)產(chan)(chan)品名稱和農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識相結合的標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注方(fang)法。