一、步進電機怎么測量好壞

1、上電能鎖緊，力(li)矩輸出(chu)正常，轉角正確，這(zhe)個(ge)電機(ji)就是好(hao)的，否則就有(you)問(wen)題(ti)。

2、斷電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下，用手轉(zhuan)動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸(zhou)，注意各引出(chu)線不要短路，好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)應當阻力(li)(li)(li)均勻(yun)，可以用手轉(zhuan)動。再(zai)把電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)引出(chu)線擰在一起（短路），此時轉(zhuan)動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)標稱力(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)，也(ye)就是(shi)需要電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)標稱力(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)那么大(da)的(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)才能轉(zhuan)動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸(zhou)，否則電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)就是(shi)壞的(de)(de)(de)。

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二、步進電機常見故障及處理方法

1、步進電動機運行中失步

當步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)改(gai)變負載運(yun)(yun)行時(shi)，如(ru)(ru)帶(dai)大慣量負載則產生振(zhen)蕩(dang)(dang)，造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)某一運(yun)(yun)行頻(pin)率(lv)下，起動丟(diu)步(bu)或停轉滑步(bu)。造(zao)成步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)行中失(shi)(shi)步(bu)。為(wei)了(le)消(xiao)除(chu)大慣性負載引起失(shi)(shi)步(bu)，可以(yi)采(cai)用機(ji)(ji)械(xie)阻(zu)尼的方(fang)(fang)法，用以(yi)消(xiao)除(chu)或吸收振(zhen)蕩(dang)(dang)能(neng)量；也可以(yi)通過加大負載的摩擦力矩的方(fang)(fang)法，從而改(gai)善運(yun)(yun)行特性，消(xiao)除(chu)失(shi)(shi)步(bu)。因為(wei)步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)受(shou)控于電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖而產生步(bu)進運(yun)(yun)動，采(cai)取(qu)如(ru)(ru)上(shang)措施(shi)能(neng)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖正常，不受(shou)干擾，從而消(xiao)除(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)行中失(shi)(shi)步(bu)。

另一種(zhong)(zhong)失(shi)步(bu)可(ke)能是(shi)原(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的而(er)改(gai)(gai)為(wei)(wei)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又(you)未采(cai)(cai)(cai)取相(xiang)應補救措施，使(shi)起(qi)動(dong)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)運(yun)行頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)降(jiang)低(di)(di)，矩(ju)頻(pin)特(te)性(xing)惡化而(er)失(shi)步(bu)。當(dang)(dang)是(shi)此種(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)因(yin)所至，應重(zhong)新恢復雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有些使(shi)用(yong)單位或(huo)部(bu)門，為(wei)(wei)簡化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)行失(shi)步(bu)，這種(zhong)(zhong)做法不(bu)當(dang)(dang)，要知道采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)起(qi)動(dong)和(he)運(yun)行兩種(zhong)(zhong)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，改(gai)(gai)善矩(ju)頻(pin)特(te)性(xing)，從而(er)改(gai)(gai)善了(le)輸入步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組中脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的上(shang)升沿和(he)下降(jiang)沿。用(yong)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，脈(mo)沖穩定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流得(de)不(bu)到維持，步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)功率(lv)(lv)(lv)相(xiang)應減(jian)小(xiao)，所以在(zai)驅動(dong)中相(xiang)當(dang)(dang)于(yu)容量(liang)減(jian)小(xiao)而(er)過載，效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)降(jiang)低(di)(di)而(er)失(shi)步(bu)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，用(yong)高(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)兩套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，即在(zai)步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)入瞬間，對其施以高(gao)(gao)壓，強迫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流上(shang)升加(jia)速；池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流達到一定值后(hou)，再改(gai)(gai)施以低(di)(di)壓，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)正常運(yun)行。這種(zhong)(zhong)措施不(bu)僅使(shi)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)容量(liang)大(da)大(da)減(jian)小(xiao)，同時也提(ti)高(gao)(gao)了(le)運(yun)行效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，改(gai)(gai)善運(yun)行特(te)性(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)會失(shi)步(bu)運(yun)行。

2、控制繞組一相反繞，影響正常運行

當(dang)(dang)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機不能(neng)正常運(yun)行時，除上述(shu)兩種原因影(ying)響速度(du)或失步(bu)外(wai)，可能(neng)是定(ding)了控制繞(rao)組(zu)有一相(xiang)(xiang)反接。當(dang)(dang)一相(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)組(zu)反接，相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)(dang)于通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流方向相(xiang)(xiang)反，電(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)(xiang)互抵(di)消(xiao)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機在此相(xiang)(xiang)內無脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)流，運(yun)行失常或根本不能(neng)運(yun)行。在通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)情況下，檢測(ce)三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流就能(neng)發現。檢測(ce)出反接相(xiang)(xiang)后(hou)，將該相(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)組(zu)首末(mo)引出線(xian)對(dui)調，按正確接法(fa)接好，再(zai)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)運(yun)行進(jin)行電(dian)(dian)流的檢測(ce)。

3、開路故障

定子控(kong)制繞組開路故(gu)障，表現(xian)為一(yi)種(zhong)是引線(xian)接頭處(chu)斷(duan)或焊(han)(han)接處(chu)全脫(tuo)焊(han)(han)，或從某一(yi)匝中(zhong)導線(xian)折斷(duan)；另一(yi)種(zhong)情況是導線(xian)將斷(duan)未斷(duan)，如假焊(han)(han)、虛(xu)焊(han)(han)，或有裂(lie)紋(wen)。

此故障可采(cai)用檢測普通(tong)三相(xiang)電(dian)動機斷路方法來檢測，較(jiao)方便的(de)是用萬用表電(dian)阻(zu)檔來檢測，當指(zhi)針不(bu)動或電(dian)阻(zu)很大，說明所檢測一相(xiang)繞組為開路。

修(xiu)理方法是找到故障處，將斷(duan)開兩頭漆皮刮掉(diao)后擰緊再焊牢(lao)，包上絕緣。

4、短路故障

步進(jin)電動機定(ding)子控制(zhi)繞組(zu)一般(ban)為單根導線繞制(zhi)的多匝繞組(zu)，短路也是匝間短路。檢測(ce)方法主要分以下(xia)兩步:

目測法(fa)：凡短路的繞組(zu)因短路電流大而過熱，繞組(zu)導線(xian)絕(jue)緣層有(you)(you)發黑(hei)變脆的糊(hu)焦狀，凡有(you)(you)此種情況的為故障(zhang)相(xiang)；

用在通電(dian)運(yun)行(xing)狀況下，測量各相(xiang)電(dian)流，凡(fan)電(dian)流大的相(xiang)為故障相(xiang)。

故(gu)障相(xiang)找(zhao)到(dao)后(hou)，如果短(duan)路在端部外層，采用加(jia)熱繞組后(hou)，輕輕撬起短(duan)路匝，用薄絕緣紙墊好，再(zai)壓實，線圈局部加(jia)熱，再(zai)刷上1032號絕緣漆后(hou)烘于即可；如短(duan)路嚴重(zhong)不能局部修理，只有(you)重(zhong)繞線圈換(huan)上。

5、擊穿故障

擊(ji)穿故障的繞(rao)組(zu)可目測出，也可用兆歐表搖測其絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，一般擊(ji)穿后繞(rao)組(zu)將(jiang)接地，檢(jian)測相絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻為(wei)零者，說(shuo)明即擊(ji)穿又(you)接地。

6、電源裝置故障使步進電動機不能運行

功率放大(da)失靈(ling)，門電(dian)(dian)路中電(dian)(dian)子開關(guan)損(sun)壞及(ji)(ji)計數(shu)器(qi)失靈(ling)是常(chang)發生的。可采用萬用表及(ji)(ji)示波器(qi)等(deng)(deng)儀表，對照線路逐段(duan)檢(jian)測。如(ru)測出放大(da)程序(xu)邏輯部分無信號(hao)(hao)或信號(hao)(hao)弱，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)功率驅動器(qi)有(you)(you)毛(mao)病，對其應(ying)(ying)(ying)進一步(bu)檢(jian)測和排(pai)除故(gu)障至(zhi)有(you)(you)正常(chang)信號(hao)(hao)；當(dang)電(dian)(dian)子開關(guan)未在起動位(wei)置(zhi)，門電(dian)(dian)路就開通，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)起動開關(guan)已經(jing)損(sun)壞，只有(you)(you)更換合格的開關(guan)；如(ru)反饋(kui)信號(hao)(hao)沒有(you)(you)，即反饋(kui)沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)壓值，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)反饋(kui)環(huan)節有(you)(you)故(gu)障，應(ying)(ying)(ying)檢(jian)測脈沖數(shu)選(xuan)器(qi)及(ji)(ji)整形反相環(huan)節等(deng)(deng)，找(zhao)出毛(mao)病調整至(zhi)有(you)(you)正常(chang)反饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)壓為止。當(dang)發現電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)通電(dian)(dian)順(shun)序(xu)不對，不符合設定順(shun)序(xu)，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)環(huan)形分配器(qi)失靈(ling)，因它的級數(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)等(deng)(deng)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)的相數(shu)，在此情況下，它才按規定邏輯給(gei)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)各(ge)相繞(rao)組(zu)依次通電(dian)(dian)，使之順(shun)序(xu)轉或逆轉。總之，對電(dian)(dian)源裝置(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)常(chang)檢(jian)測和調試，防止故(gu)障出現，影響電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)正常(chang)運行(xing)。