一、步進電機怎么測量好壞

1、上電能鎖(suo)緊，力矩輸出正常，轉(zhuan)角正確，這個電機就是好的，否則就有問題(ti)。

2、斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下，用手(shou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軸，注意各引出(chu)線(xian)不要短路(lu)，好的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)應當(dang)阻力(li)均(jun)勻，可以用手(shou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動。再把電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)引出(chu)線(xian)擰在一起（短路(lu)），此時(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軸的(de)(de)力(li)矩(ju)就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)標稱(cheng)力(li)矩(ju)，也就是需(xu)要電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)標稱(cheng)力(li)矩(ju)那(nei)么大的(de)(de)力(li)矩(ju)才能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軸，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)就是壞的(de)(de)。

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二、步進電機常見故障及處理方法

1、步進電動機運行中失步

當步(bu)(bu)進電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機改(gai)變負(fu)載(zai)運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)，如(ru)帶大慣量負(fu)載(zai)則產生(sheng)振蕩(dang)，造成(cheng)電(dian)機在某一運(yun)行(xing)頻率下(xia)，起動(dong)(dong)丟步(bu)(bu)或(huo)停轉滑步(bu)(bu)。造成(cheng)步(bu)(bu)進電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)。為(wei)了消除大慣性負(fu)載(zai)引起失(shi)步(bu)(bu)，可以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)機械(xie)阻尼的(de)方法(fa)，用(yong)以消除或(huo)吸收振蕩(dang)能量；也可以通過加大負(fu)載(zai)的(de)摩擦力矩的(de)方法(fa)，從(cong)而改(gai)善運(yun)行(xing)特性，消除失(shi)步(bu)(bu)。因為(wei)步(bu)(bu)進電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機受控于電(dian)脈沖而產生(sheng)步(bu)(bu)進運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，采(cai)(cai)取(qu)如(ru)上(shang)措(cuo)施(shi)能使電(dian)脈沖正常，不受干擾，從(cong)而消除電(dian)機運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)。

另一種(zhong)(zhong)失步(bu)可能(neng)是原(yuan)采(cai)用(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的而(er)改為單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又(you)未采(cai)取相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)補救措(cuo)施，使(shi)起動(dong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)和運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)降(jiang)低，矩(ju)頻(pin)(pin)特性(xing)惡化而(er)失步(bu)。當是此(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)因(yin)所(suo)至，應(ying)(ying)重新恢(hui)復(fu)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有些使(shi)用(yong)單(dan)位(wei)或部(bu)門，為簡化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路采(cai)用(yong)單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)失步(bu)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)做法不當，要知道采(cai)用(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是為了(le)提高起動(dong)和運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)，改善(shan)矩(ju)頻(pin)(pin)特性(xing)，從(cong)而(er)改善(shan)了(le)輸入(ru)步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機繞(rao)組(zu)中脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的上(shang)升沿和下(xia)降(jiang)沿。用(yong)單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，脈(mo)沖(chong)穩定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)得不到維持，步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機功率(lv)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)減小，所(suo)以(yi)在驅動(dong)中相(xiang)當于容量減小而(er)過(guo)載，效率(lv)降(jiang)低而(er)失步(bu)。采(cai)用(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，用(yong)高低兩(liang)(liang)套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，即在步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機繞(rao)組(zu)脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)通入(ru)瞬間，對其(qi)施以(yi)高壓，強迫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)上(shang)升加速；池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)達到一定值后，再(zai)改施以(yi)低壓，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機正(zheng)常運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)措(cuo)施不僅使(shi)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)容量大(da)大(da)減小，同時(shi)也(ye)提高了(le)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)效率(lv)，改善(shan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)特性(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機不會失步(bu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)。

2、控制繞組一相反繞，影響正常運行

當步進電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機不(bu)能(neng)正常(chang)運行(xing)時，除上(shang)述兩種原(yuan)因影響速度或失步外(wai)，可(ke)能(neng)是定了控制(zhi)繞組有(you)一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反接(jie)。當一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞組反接(jie)，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當于(yu)通電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)方向相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反，電(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互抵消，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機在(zai)此(ci)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內無脈(mo)沖電(dian)流(liu)，運行(xing)失常(chang)或根本不(bu)能(neng)運行(xing)。在(zai)通電(dian)情況下，檢測(ce)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)流(liu)就能(neng)發現。檢測(ce)出(chu)反接(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)后，將該相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞組首末引(yin)出(chu)線對調，按正確接(jie)法接(jie)好(hao)，再通電(dian)運行(xing)進行(xing)電(dian)流(liu)的檢測(ce)。

3、開路故障

定子(zi)控制(zhi)繞組開路(lu)故障，表現為一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)引線(xian)接頭處斷(duan)或(huo)焊(han)接處全脫焊(han)，或(huo)從(cong)某(mou)一(yi)匝(za)中導(dao)線(xian)折斷(duan)；另一(yi)種(zhong)情況是(shi)導(dao)線(xian)將斷(duan)未斷(duan)，如假焊(han)、虛(xu)焊(han)，或(huo)有裂紋。

此故障(zhang)可采用檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)普通三(san)相電(dian)動(dong)機斷路方(fang)法來檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，較(jiao)方(fang)便的是用萬用表(biao)電(dian)阻(zu)檔來檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，當指針不動(dong)或電(dian)阻(zu)很(hen)大，說明所檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)一相繞組為(wei)開路。

修(xiu)理方法(fa)是找到故障處，將斷開兩(liang)頭漆皮刮掉后(hou)擰緊(jin)再(zai)焊(han)牢，包上絕緣。

4、短路故障

步進電動機定子控制繞組一般為單根(gen)導線繞制的(de)多匝(za)繞組，短路(lu)也是匝(za)間短路(lu)。檢測方法主要分以(yi)下兩步:

目(mu)測法：凡短(duan)(duan)路(lu)的繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)因短(duan)(duan)路(lu)電流(liu)大而過熱，繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)導線(xian)絕緣(yuan)層有(you)發(fa)黑變(bian)脆的糊焦狀，凡有(you)此種情(qing)況(kuang)的為故(gu)障相；

用在(zai)通電(dian)運行狀況下，測量(liang)各相電(dian)流(liu)，凡(fan)電(dian)流(liu)大(da)的相為故障相。

故障(zhang)相(xiang)找到(dao)后，如(ru)果短路在端部(bu)外層，采用加熱繞(rao)(rao)組后，輕輕撬(qiao)起短路匝(za)，用薄絕緣紙墊(dian)好，再壓實，線圈(quan)局(ju)部(bu)加熱，再刷(shua)上1032號絕緣漆(qi)后烘于即可(ke)；如(ru)短路嚴重(zhong)(zhong)不能(neng)局(ju)部(bu)修理(li)，只有重(zhong)(zhong)繞(rao)(rao)線圈(quan)換(huan)上。

5、擊穿故障

擊穿(chuan)(chuan)故障的繞(rao)組(zu)可目測(ce)出，也(ye)可用兆歐表(biao)搖(yao)測(ce)其絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻，一般(ban)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)后繞(rao)組(zu)將(jiang)接(jie)地，檢測(ce)相(xiang)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻為零者，說(shuo)明(ming)即擊穿(chuan)(chuan)又接(jie)地。

6、電源裝置故障使步進電動機不能運行

功(gong)率放大失(shi)靈，門電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)關損壞及計數器(qi)失(shi)靈是(shi)常(chang)(chang)發生的。可采用萬(wan)用表(biao)及示波器(qi)等(deng)(deng)儀表(biao)，對(dui)照線路(lu)逐段檢(jian)(jian)測。如測出(chu)(chu)放大程序邏輯(ji)部分無信(xin)號或信(xin)號弱，說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)功(gong)率驅動(dong)器(qi)有(you)(you)毛病(bing)(bing)，對(dui)其應(ying)進一步檢(jian)(jian)測和排除故(gu)(gu)障至(zhi)有(you)(you)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)信(xin)號；當電(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)關未(wei)在起動(dong)位(wei)置，門電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)就開(kai)通(tong)(tong)，說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)起動(dong)開(kai)關已經損壞，只(zhi)有(you)(you)更(geng)換合格的開(kai)關；如反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋信(xin)號沒有(you)(you)，即反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)，說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋環(huan)節(jie)有(you)(you)故(gu)(gu)障，應(ying)檢(jian)(jian)測脈(mo)沖數選器(qi)及整形反(fan)(fan)(fan)相(xiang)環(huan)節(jie)等(deng)(deng)，找(zhao)出(chu)(chu)毛病(bing)(bing)調(diao)整至(zhi)有(you)(you)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為止。當發現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)順(shun)(shun)序不(bu)對(dui)，不(bu)符合設定順(shun)(shun)序，說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)環(huan)形分配(pei)器(qi)失(shi)靈，因它(ta)的級數應(ying)等(deng)(deng)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的相(xiang)數，在此情況下，它(ta)才按規定邏輯(ji)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機各相(xiang)繞組依次通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)之(zhi)順(shun)(shun)序轉或逆轉。總(zong)之(zhi)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源裝置應(ying)經常(chang)(chang)檢(jian)(jian)測和調(diao)試，防(fang)止故(gu)(gu)障出(chu)(chu)現(xian)，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)運行。