白沙枇杷又(you)名“白玉枇杷”。果實均勻(yun)整(zheng)齊(qi),形如(ru)圓球而稍扁,肉厚汁(zhi)多,肉色(se)晶瑩,肉質細嫩(nen),酸甜適度,入(ru)口而化,爽(shuang)口不膩(ni),果形大、果肉潔(jie)白甜嫩(nen),汁(zhi)多核(he)少,光照下像玉雕般(ban)透(tou)明,更是白沙中的佳品。
江蘇(su)(su)省蘇(su)(su)州市東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)產(chan)白沙(sha)枇(pi)杷(pa),自宋、元、明至清康熙(xi)年(nian)間(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)有金罐(guan)、銀罐(guan)白沙(sha)名(ming)種(zhong)(zhong)。民國17年(nian)(1928年(nian))已有紅沙(sha)牛奶種(zhong)(zhong)、照種(zhong)(zhong)白沙(sha)、春碧種(zhong)(zhong)、雞蛋白等。洞庭(ting)東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)、西山(shan)(shan)是全國唯一白沙(sha)枇(pi)杷(pa)生產(chan)基地,尤以(yi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)白沙(sha)枇(pi)杷(pa)最優,盛名(ming)于世,有“金銀蜜罐(guan)”之稱(cheng)。80年(nian)代東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)白沙(sha)枇(pi)杷(pa)以(yi)照種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主(zhu)。90年(nian)代科技興農,東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)白玉枇(pi)杷(pa)問世,其性(xing)能抗(kang)逆能力強(qiang),樹勢生長旺,果(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da),早(zao)熟(shu),肉白鮮(xian)嫩,走(zou)俏市場。又由高級農藝師章(zhang)鶴(he)壽(shou),從(cong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)村實生品種(zhong)(zhong)枇(pi)杷(pa)選育出了更(geng)優的冠玉枇(pi)杷(pa),果(guo)(guo)(guo)型(xing)大(da),每個平均(jun)重量50克,最重達(da)70克,味(wei)甜潤,成熟(shu)期較照種(zhong)(zhong)遲5天。現東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)農中已有少量栽種(zhong)(zhong),二十(shi)一世紀(ji)將成為(wei)枇(pi)杷(pa)發(fa)展(zhan)的主(zhu)要品種(zhong)(zhong)。
蘇州東山白(bai)(bai)玉枇杷(pa)(pa)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)大,橢圓(yuan)形(xing)或高(gao)扁圓(yuan)形(xing),白(bai)(bai)玉枇杷(pa)(pa)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)重33克,大者可達36克。白(bai)(bai)玉枇杷(pa)(pa)果(guo)(guo)(guo)頂平凹;基部鈍圓(yuan);萼片寬短,平展;萼筒大;白(bai)(bai)玉枇杷(pa)(pa)果(guo)(guo)(guo)面淡橙黃(huang)色(se)(se),絨毛多,絨毛呈灰(hui)白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),萼周絨毛長而密聚(ju),深(shen)灰(hui)色(se)(se)。白(bai)(bai)玉枇杷(pa)(pa)果(guo)(guo)(guo)面斑(ban)點呈圓(yuan)形(xing);果(guo)(guo)(guo)梗附(fu)近較多;白(bai)(bai)玉枇杷(pa)(pa)最顯著的(de)特點就是果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)潔白(bai)(bai),果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)平均厚度0.85厘米,肉(rou)質細膩易溶,汁多,風味(wei)清甜(tian),品(pin)質佳,可溶性固形(xing)物12%~14.6%,可食部分(fen)70.55%,果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮薄韌易剝離。白(bai)(bai)玉枇杷(pa)(pa)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子長圓(yuan)形(xing),淺赭黃(huang)色(se)(se),每個(ge)白(bai)(bai)玉枇杷(pa)(pa)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)含(han)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子2~3粒,單粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子重1.32克,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮光(guang)滑,斑(ban)點小,白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),分(fen)布于(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臍周圍,基套(tao)小,綠色(se)(se)。
白玉(yu)枇杷果樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)勢強健,生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺(wang)盛(sheng),枝條粗長(chang)(chang),易抽生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)夏梢,樹(shu)(shu)冠呈(cheng)高圓頭形(xing),樹(shu)(shu)姿較直立,13年生(sheng)樹(shu)(shu)高6.4米(mi)(mi),樹(shu)(shu)干高42厘(li)米(mi)(mi),樹(shu)(shu)干周長(chang)(chang)76厘(li)米(mi)(mi),株產46~68千克。白玉(yu)枇杷樹(shu)(shu)主枝較直立,大(da)枝褐黃色,稍粗糙,1~2年生(sheng)枝棕紅(hong)色,頂端(duan)絨毛(mao)(mao)(mao)密聚,陽面深灰(hui)色,背(bei)面灰(hui)黑(hei)色。葉子長(chang)(chang)而(er)大(da),斜生(sheng)而(er)略下垂(chui),披(pi)針形(xing)或(huo)長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing),葉身寬長(chang)(chang),平均(jun)長(chang)(chang)寬為(wei)32.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)×9.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi),先端(duan)漸尖(jian),基(ji)部楔形(xing),鋸齒(chi)粗,先端(duan)尖(jian),上(shang)中部鋸齒(chi)明顯(xian),基(ji)部鋸齒(chi)細小,近(jin)全緣。白玉(yu)枇杷葉子質地軟(ruan),中等(deng)厚(hou)度(du),葉子正面深綠色,背(bei)面絨毛(mao)(mao)(mao)短密,灰(hui)黃色,葉柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)1.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi),粗0.55厘(li)米(mi)(mi),絨毛(mao)(mao)(mao)密,灰(hui)黑(hei)色。
白玉枇(pi)杷花(hua)穗呈三角形(xing),著生(sheng)緊(jin)密,大小平(ping)均為9.42厘(li)米×8.53厘(li)米,支軸數7~12支,主軸粗直,先(xian)端稍彎曲(qu),支軸斜生(sheng),花(hua)瓣白色(se),橢圓形(xing),先(xian)端凹口淺(qian)。
東山白玉枇杷每年(nian)的上(shang)市(shi)時間(jian)(jian)在(zai)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)(xun)(xun)上(shang)市(shi),成熟(shu)期為10-15天,白玉枇杷的初花(hua)(hua)期在(zai)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)底至(zhi)(zhi)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun),盛花(hua)(hua)期在(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun),終花(hua)(hua)期在(zai)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun),果實成熟(shu)期在(zai)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)初,基(ji)本在(zai)氣候(hou)保(bao)持正常的情況下,采摘時間(jian)(jian)相差(cha)不(bu)(bu)了多少,不(bu)(bu)過由于氣候(hou)原因,不(bu)(bu)同(tong)年(nian)份簡可能稍(shao)有差(cha)異。