金田淮山簡介
金田淮山呈條狀,色潔白,粉幼細,味甘香,性溫補,既可入藥,也可作副食品。淮(huai)(huai)山(shan)在中醫學上(shang)稱懷(huai)山(shan),山(shan)藥,有補(bu)脾養胃(wei),生津益肺,補(bu)腎澀精的(de)功能。用于(yu)脾虛食少,久瀉不止,肺虛喘咳(ke),腎虛遺精,帶下,尿(niao)頻,虛熱,焦渴等癥。金田淮(huai)(huai)山(shan)先(xian)前主(zhu)要(yao)加(jia)工(gong)作主(zhu)料的(de)清(qing)補(bu)涼(liang)暢銷港澳市場。將淮(huai)(huai)山(shan)配以蓮子(zi)加(jia)工(gong)成粉,是老人及嬰(ying)幼兒的(de)營養佳品。
現今政府響應大力發展綠源無硫淮山加工技術。通過重點扶持桂平市金田淮山及其他五谷磨坊原材料工廠無硫加工企業,促進淮山無硫加工,五谷磨坊養生產品加工,提高中藥材質量安全水平。利(li)用(yong)先進的科研能(neng)力和現代化的生(sheng)產(chan)工藝,發展農副產(chan)品脫水烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)無(wu)(wu)硫(liu)淮山片、生(sheng)曬淮山、無(wu)(wu)硫(liu)葛(ge)根(gen)、五谷磨坊葛(ge)根(gen)片、葛(ge)根(gen)粉、羅漢果、茯苓、沙姜(干(gan)(gan)萘(nai))、八角茴香、羅漢果、龍眼干(gan)(gan)等,純天然、無(wu)(wu)酸(suan)無(wu)(wu)臭、色澤光(guang)亮、味道鮮美等。
自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地貌情況:種植(zhi)金田(tian)淮(huai)(huai)山(shan)的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)共有八大成土(tu)(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)(zhi)160個土(tu)(tu)(tu)種構(gou)成。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)山(shan)地土(tu)(tu)(tu)種是紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、赤紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃(huang)紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、棕(zong)色(se)石灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)、中(zhong)性(xing)紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沖積土(tu)(tu)(tu)、洪積土(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)9類(lei),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)39.86%,赤紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)37.28%,紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)18.77%,洪積土(tu)(tu)(tu)2.32%,中(zhong)性(xing)紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.13%,其(qi)(qi)它占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.64%。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)地有沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沙壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、粘(zhan)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)粘(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沙壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)34.33%。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)PH值(zhi)在5.5~6.5之間(jian),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有機質(zhi)(zhi)大多在2-3%之間(jian),完全符合金田(tian)淮(huai)(huai)山(shan)要求PH值(zhi)微酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)的(de)要求,土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)疏松,排水良好,有機質(zhi)(zhi) 含量(liang)豐富。這種特(te)殊的(de)高含沙量(liang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地,造就了(le)金田(tian)淮(huai)(huai)山(shan)外觀圓(yuan)直、皮薄(bo)、須(xu)根少而短等(deng)特(te)點(dian)。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文情況:金田淮山種植區域內(nei)河流(liu)(liu)均屬珠江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域西江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系,分(fen)(fen)郁江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、潯(xun)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)及黔江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)三大(da)流(liu)(liu)域,水(shui)(shui)力資源蘊藏(zang)豐富。市(shi)境內(nei)主要河流(liu)(liu)45條,河道總(zong)長992.95公里,集水(shui)(shui)面(mian)積4056平方公里。全市(shi)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)總(zong)量38.533億(yi)立(li)(li)方米,地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)量0.7331億(yi)立(li)(li)方米,地(di)表水(shui)(shui)可利(li)用(yong)量8.278億(yi)立(li)(li)方米(不包(bao)括過(guo)境水(shui)(shui))。金田淮山種植范圍內(nei)水(shui)(shui)質優良,無人(ren)工污染(ran)和工業(ye)污染(ran),十分(fen)(fen)適宜生產(chan)(chan)優質的(de)金田淮山農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。
(3)氣候情況:金田淮山(shan)(shan)種植區域屬(shu)南亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風氣候,光溫雨(yu)資源非常豐富。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均日照時數為1639小時,年(nian)(nian)(nian)太陽總輻射量為10.7萬卡/厘(li)米(mi)2,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣溫在(zai)21℃以(yi)上,大于或等于10℃的年(nian)(nian)(nian)積溫為7379.7℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均無(wu)霜期長達354天以(yi)上,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均相對(dui)濕度79.5%,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)量在(zai)1300―2400mm之間,平均降(jiang)雨(yu)量1715mm。這是種植金田淮山(shan)(shan)的獨特氣候條件。
(4)人(ren)(ren)文歷史情況(kuang):金田(tian)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是廣西桂(gui)平(ping)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)傳統特色經濟作物和(he)重要土特產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),其(qi)栽(zai)培(pei)始于19世紀(ji)50年(nian)代,其(qi)以(yi)(yi)色白(bai)、粗(cu)纖(xian)(xian)維少、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)細膩、粉(fen)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)、口感(gan)(gan)好(hao)而(er)聞名,其(qi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或半成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)暢銷全(quan)國各(ge)地(di)(di)、港(gang)澳地(di)(di)區,并出口東南亞韓國等國家(jia)或地(di)(di)區,在(zai)區內外(wai)享有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定知(zhi)名度(du),深受廣大(da)顧(gu)(gu)客的(de)(de)歡迎。由于金田(tian)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)最初(chu)(chu)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)金田(tian)鎮種(zhong)(zhong)植為主(zhu),因(yin)此(ci)廣大(da)消(xiao)費(fei)者習慣稱其(qi)為金田(tian)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。 相傳19世紀(ji)50年(nian)代,適逢建國初(chu)(chu)期,物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匱乏,人(ren)(ren)民(min)生活困苦。為填飽肚子(zi),金田(tian)鎮的(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)民(min)常(chang)常(chang)入深山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)打獵、采(cai)挖(wa)(wa)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)日,一(yi)(yi)(yi)劉姓(xing)村(cun)(cun)民(min)行至紫荊山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)深處,見到(dao)幾棵植物都長(chang)著(zhu)尖卵型的(de)(de)葉子(zi),藤蔓(man)纏在(zai)樹(shu)上,好(hao)奇之下,拿隨身所(suo)帶的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)鐵鍬(qiao)向下挖(wa)(wa),挖(wa)(wa)出一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)條(tiao)拇(mu)指般粗(cu)的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)薯(shu),遂(sui)帶回村(cun)(cun)中(zhong)。初(chu)(chu)時(shi)(shi)(shi),無(wu)人(ren)(ren)見過(guo)(guo)都不(bu)敢吃(chi),但其(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)正值困苦之時(shi)(shi)(shi),人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)餓著(zhu)肚子(zi),有大(da)膽的(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)民(min)拿回家(jia)烹煮(zhu),試吃(chi)。試吃(chi)之下,驚呼乃人(ren)(ren)間(jian)美味。自(zi)此(ci),越來越多的(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)民(min)到(dao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)采(cai)挖(wa)(wa)這種(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)薯(shu)。后(hou)來,村(cun)(cun)民(min)才知(zhi)道(dao)這種(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)薯(shu)叫“淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”,又名“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)”,于是把這種(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)薯(shu)在(zai)自(zi)家(jia)田(tian)里進行人(ren)(ren)工栽(zai)培(pei)。經過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代代金 田(tian)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)努力,目前淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)工栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)已日趨成(cheng)熟,形(xing)成(cheng)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)整套淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)體系,種(zhong)(zhong)植出來的(de)(de)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)個大(da)、圓直(zhi),粉(fen)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu),口感(gan)(gan)細膩。近年(nian)來,桂(gui)平(ping)市(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)通過(guo)(guo)建立淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)示范推廣基(ji)地(di)(di)、開展推廣淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)無(wu)公害標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)等一(yi)(yi)(yi)系列淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)增效技(ji)術(shu),使淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)單產(chan)(chan)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量得到(dao)較大(da)的(de)(de)提高(gao),淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)生產(chan)(chan)得到(dao)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步發展。目前我市(shi)(shi)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)桂(gui)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)2號、桂(gui)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)5號、桂(gui)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)6號、金田(tian)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為主(zhu),優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)率達到(dao)80%;淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)率達到(dao)85.5%;淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)1級、2級和(he)合格(ge)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量等級占總(zong)數的(de)(de)90%左右。以(yi)(yi)金田(tian)鎮為中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)種(zhong)(zhong)植帶常(chang)年(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)在(zai)3—5萬畝之間(jian),總(zong)產(chan)(chan)鮮(xian)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)4.5—9萬噸,分春、秋兩(liang)季種(zhong)(zhong)植,收獲期12月至次年(nian)3月。2008年(nian)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)3.4萬畝,總(zong)產(chan)(chan)7.36萬噸。淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)干(gan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)燉湯、煲糖水、做藥(yao)引,是非(fei)常(chang)好(hao)的(de)(de)綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)中(zhong)醫學上稱山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao),有補脾養(yang)(yang)胃,生津益(yi)肺,補腎澀精的(de)(de)功(gong)能。用(yong)(yong)于脾虛(xu)食(shi)少,久(jiu)瀉不(bu)止,肺虛(xu)喘咳,腎虛(xu)遺(yi)精,帶下,尿頻(pin),虛(xu)熱(re),焦渴等癥。李時(shi)(shi)(shi)珍在(zai)《本(ben)草(cao)綱目》中(zhong)對其(qi)大(da)加(jia)贊美。用(yong)(yong)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)作主(zhu)料的(de)(de)清補涼暢銷港(gang)澳市(shi)(shi)場。將淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)配以(yi)(yi)蓮子(zi)加(jia)工成(cheng)粉(fen),是老人(ren)(ren)及嬰幼兒的(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)佳品(pin)(pin)(pin)。淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)對于女性而(er)言,具有較好(hao)的(de)(de)延緩衰老的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)改善皮膚(fu)干(gan)燥、缺乏彈性等現象,并有活化(hua)肌膚(fu)、祛(qu)斑美容(rong)、養(yang)(yang)顏(yan)美白(bai)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。更是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)天然的(de)(de)纖(xian)(xian)體美食(shi)。它含有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)纖(xian)(xian)維,食(shi)用(yong)(yong)后(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生飽脹感(gan)(gan),從而(er)控(kong)制進食(shi)欲望(wang)。其(qi)次,淮(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)本(ben)身就(jiu)(jiu)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)營養(yang)(yang)、低熱(re)量的(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)放心(xin)(xin)地(di)(di)多加(jia)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)而(er)不(bu)會(hui)有發胖的(de)(de)后(hou)顧(gu)(gu)之憂(you)。
地域范圍
金(jin)(jin)田淮山農產(chan)品地理標(biao)志產(chan)品的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)地域范(fan)圍為(wei)桂平(ping)市(shi)轄區(qu)內(nei)所有行政鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),即西山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、蒙圩鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石龍鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、厚祿鄉(xiang)(xiang)、白沙鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、南(nan)木鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、金(jin)(jin)田鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、垌(tong)心鄉(xiang)(xiang)、紫(zi)荊鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、江口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、木樂鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、木圭鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石咀鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、馬皮(pi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、油(you)麻鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、社坡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、尋旺鄉(xiang)(xiang)、羅(luo)秀鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、中沙鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大洋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、羅(luo)播鄉(xiang)(xiang)、木根(gen)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、麻垌(tong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、社步(bu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、下(xia)灣鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大灣鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)等(deng)26個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),414個(ge)行政村(cun)、7763個(ge)村(cun)民小組、1個(ge)國(guo)有林(lin)場(chang)。 地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei)東經109°41′55″至(zhi)110°22′48″,北(bei)(bei)緯22°52′02″至(zhi)23°48′04″。海拔(ba)33.3-1313.6米。東鄰平(ping)南(nan)縣(xian),南(nan)與玉林(lin)市(shi)的(de)容(rong)縣(xian)、北(bei)(bei)流市(shi)、玉州區(qu)、興業縣(xian)接壤(rang),西連貴港市(shi)港北(bei)(bei)區(qu),北(bei)(bei)交來賓市(shi)的(de)武宣縣(xian)、金(jin)(jin)秀縣(xian)。邊界線總長(chang)375公(gong)(gong)里(li),東西寬69公(gong)(gong)里(li),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)104公(gong)(gong)里(li)。
通過推廣(guang)無(wu)公害(hai)標準(zhun)化種(zhong)植,大大提高了淮(huai)(huai)(huai)山的產(chan)量(liang)和(he)(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質,鮮(xian)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)山平均畝產(chan)達到2000公斤以(yi)上,加上間套種(zhong)其它作物(wu),每(mei)畝收入超萬(wan)元。2007年通過國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標準(zhun)化示范(fan)區驗收,2009年通過無(wu)公害(hai)基地(di)(di)和(he)(he)無(wu)公害(hai)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認證,2010年獲得(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標志稱(cheng)號(hao),2011年金(jin)田鎮又獲全國(guo)“一村(cun)(cun)(cun)一品(pin)(pin)(pin)示范(fan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮”和(he)(he)“廣(guang)西淮(huai)(huai)(huai)山之鄉(xiang)”稱(cheng)號(hao)、金(jin)田鎮金(jin)田村(cun)(cun)(cun)被命名(ming)為(wei)“廣(guang)西淮(huai)(huai)(huai)山村(cun)(cun)(cun)”稱(cheng)號(hao)。桂平市已把(ba)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)山產(chan)業(ye)列入“萬(wan)元增收工程”,全力(li)把(ba)金(jin)田鎮打造成“萬(wan)元片區”和(he)(he)“萬(wan)元村(cun)(cun)(cun)屯(tun)”樣板工程。