一.產品介紹
江(jiang)安(an)大(da)白李又稱(cheng)江(jiang)安(an)李,品(pin)種(zhong)適應性廣,抗逆(ni)性強,結果(guo)(guo)期(qi)早(zao),豐產(chan)穩產(chan),品(pin)質上乘,曾(ceng)榮(rong)獲(huo)“四(si)川省優質水果(guo)(guo)”殊(shu)榮(rong),被全國農業高(gao)等院校教材(cai)定為(wei)國家地方良種(zhong)。果(guo)(guo)實6月(yue)底成熟(shu),平均單果(guo)(guo)重25—35克,果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)清香脆(cui)嫩,汁多(duo)、味(wei)甜、離核,部(bu)分(fen)果(guo)(guo)實核腔內有黃白色膠狀分(fen)泌物(wu),果(guo)(guo)農稱(cheng)之為(wei)李子結“冰糖(tang)”。先后注冊“趕場山”李子商標(biao),通過無公害(hai)農產(chan)品(pin)認證和綠(lv)色食品(pin)認證檢測合格。現有種(zhong)植面積5000余畝、產(chan)量1500余噸。
二(er).自然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因素
江(jiang)安(an)縣(xian)屬(shu)低山(shan)丘陵區(qu),海拔在(zai)236-908米(mi)之間(jian),縣(xian)內除長 江(jiang)外,有大小(xiao)河溪145條(tiao),水(shui)資源豐(feng)富。產(chan)區(qu)氣(qi)候屬(shu)中(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶四川盆地濕潤氣(qi)候區(qu),四季分明(ming),常(chang)年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)18.1℃,年(nian)平均降水(shui)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1132毫米(mi),年(nian)平均日照時數(shu)1199.3小(xiao)時,全年(nian)無霜期347天。土壤質地以(yi)砂壤土為(wei)(wei)主,PH值在(zai)5.8-7.0之間(jian),中(zhong)性(xing)偏酸,適宜江(jiang)安(an)大白李生(sheng)長。
三.地域范圍
江(jiang)安(an)大白李產(chan)于四川省(sheng)江(jiang)安(an)縣(xian),位于長江(jiang)上游,四川南(nan)緣,農產(chan)品地理標志地域(yu)保護范圍包括江(jiang)安(an)縣(xian)所轄的江(jiang)安(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、怡樂鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、留耕鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、夕(xi)佳山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、底蓬鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大井鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、紅橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、五礦鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陽春鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(原濫壩鄉(xiang))、桐梓鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水清(qing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鐵清(qing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、迎安(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、四面山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),井口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大妙鄉(xiang)、仁和(he)鄉(xiang)和(he)蟠龍(long)鄉(xiang)等15鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)3鄉(xiang)、297個行政(zheng)村(cun)。地理坐標為東經104°57′40″-105°14′33,北緯28°22′20″-28°56′45″之間(jian),東到(dao)瀘州市(shi)江(jiang)陽區、納溪區,南(nan)到(dao)興文縣(xian),西到(dao)南(nan)溪縣(xian)、長寧縣(xian),北到(dao)自貢市(shi)富順縣(xian)。保護面積10萬(wan)畝(mu),年產(chan)量11萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外在感官品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi):果(guo)實(shi)中大,圓(yuan)形、整(zheng)齊,縫合線(xian)較明顯(xian),兩半較對稱,果(guo)頂平或(huo)凹。果(guo)面綠(lv)黃色,果(guo)粉厚。果(guo)肉(rou)(rou)綠(lv)黃色,肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)細膩,清香(xiang)脆嫩,纖(xian)維少,汁較多,味甜(tian)。核(he)小,離核(he),品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)佳。
(2)內(nei)在品(pin)質指標:江安大(da)白李可食率≥92%,可溶(rong)性固(gu)形物≥11%。
(3)安全要求:符合《無公(gong)害食品 落葉核果類果品》NY5112-2005標準要求。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)果(guo)(guo)園(yuan)生(sheng)長(chang)季節降雨或(huo)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)后(hou)(hou),及時中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)松土,中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)深度(du)(du)5cm-10cm。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi):在(zai)落葉(xie)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)或(huo)李子萌芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)15天施(shi)積肥(fei)(fei)(fei),秋(qiu)施(shi)比(bi)春(chun)施(shi)好。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)年2-3次(ci),第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)在(zai)開花前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),第(di)(di)二次(ci)在(zai)硬核期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),第(di)(di)三次(ci)在(zai)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)。施(shi)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei):秋(qiu)季果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)施(shi)入,以農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),混合少量化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量按(an)1kg果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)2kg優質(zhi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)計(ji)算。施(shi)用(yong)方法以溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)在(zai)樹(shu)冠投影范圍內(nei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方法為(wei)(wei)挖放(fang)射狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)、環狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)或(huo)平行狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)深30-40cm。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):在(zai)幼齡樹(shu)和(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發育前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),每(mei)(mei)畝追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)氮磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg;果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發育后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg。距果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)20天內(nei)停止葉(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。水(shui)分管理(li)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui):早(zao)春(chun)萌芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)水(shui),果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)水(shui),秋(qiu)末在(zai)上凍前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)封凍水(shui),有條件(jian)的(de)果(guo)(guo)園(yuan)最好安裝(zhuang)滴灌(guan)(guan)系統(tong)。排水(shui):李樹(shu)喜濕但怕澇(lao),應設置(zhi)排水(shui)系統(tong),地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積水(shui)不(bu)利李樹(shu)正常生(sheng)長(chang),在(zai)多雨季節通過(guo)(guo)溝(gou)(gou)渠及時排水(shui)。整(zheng)形(xing)修剪(jian)(jian) 樹(shu)高2.5m左右(you),冠幅1.5m×2.0m,無主(zhu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)心干上著(zhu)生(sheng)8-12個枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),下(xia)部(bu)(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)較長(chang),上部(bu)(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)較短(duan)。修剪(jian)(jian)幼樹(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)修剪(jian)(jian):以整(zheng)形(xing)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),盡(jin)快擴大樹(shu)冠,培(pei)養牢固的(de)骨架;對(dui)骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適度(du)(du)短(duan)截(jie),對(dui)非骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)(qing)剪(jian)(jian)長(chang)放(fang),提早(zao)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo),逐漸培(pei)養各類結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。盛果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)修剪(jian)(jian):前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保持樹(shu)勢平衡,中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)要抑前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)促(cu)后(hou)(hou),回縮更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin),培(pei)養新(xin)(xin)的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),防止早(zao)衰和(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)外移。結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要不(bu)斷更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin),采(cai)取“強枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少截(jie),弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多截(jie)”的(de)辦法。衰老期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)修剪(jian)(jian):采(cai)用(yong)回縮更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)復壯的(de)方法,促(cu)生(sheng)壯旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)短(duan)截(jie)生(sheng)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)培(pei)養骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延長(chang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防治技術病(bing)害(hai):剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)越冬病(bing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),清掃果(guo)(guo)園(yuan),除(chu)去(qu)病(bing)葉(xie)和(he)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發病(bing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)噴5度(du)(du)石硫(liu)合劑,展葉(xie)后(hou)(hou)發病(bing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)噴0.5:1:100硫(liu)酸鋅石灰液1-2次(ci)。蟲(chong)害(hai):藥物防治按(an)GB4258農(nong)藥安全(quan)使用(yong)標準執行。結(jie)(jie)合秋(qiu)耕(geng),深翻樹(shu)盤(pan),使成蟲(chong)羽(yu)化(hua)不(bu)能爬出地面(mian)(mian)(mian)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)6月中(zhong)(zhong)、下(xia)旬(xun)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),在(zai)接近完熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(九成熟)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),當果(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)綠(lv)色(se)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)轉(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)淡(dan)黃色(se)時為(wei)(wei)完全(quan)成熟。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)時用(yong)人工手摘,輕(qing)(qing)拿輕(qing)(qing)放(fang),裝(zhuang)入果(guo)(guo)箱內(nei),果(guo)(guo)箱容器不(bu)易過(guo)(guo)大或(huo)過(guo)(guo)高,每(mei)(mei)箱裝(zhuang)5-10kg為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。