平(ping)利絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)，葫(hu)蘆科絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)屬(shu)植物。中藥材品種(zhong)，陜西(xi)省(sheng)平(ping)利縣特產(chan)，中國國家(jia)地理標志產(chan)品。平(ping)利是絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)的(de)自(zi)然分布分化中心(xin)，有“絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)故鄉”之稱，獨特的(de)區(qu)域小生(sheng)態環境十(shi)分適宜(yi)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)的(de)生(sheng)長發育(yu)，是中國開發最早、規模最大(da)的(de)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)人工栽培基地縣、國家(jia)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)標準化示(shi)范區(qu)。平(ping)利縣絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)產(chan)品以純天然、無公害和富含(han)微量元素走俏日本(ben)、北京、廣州等市場。

種植條件

絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)被醫學界譽為(wei)東方神草(cao)、人(ren)間福(fu)(fu)音草(cao)，但其對土(tu)壤、氣候等(deng)條件要求較高，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)除福(fu)(fu)建、湖北(bei)、云南、四(si)川等(deng)省有(you)少量(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)植外，地處北(bei)亞熱帶濕潤季(ji)風氣候區的平(ping)利(li)縣(xian)(xian)，由(you)于雨量(liang)充沛，氣候溫(wen)和(he)(he)，日照充足，無霜期時(shi)間長，土(tu)壤有(you)害(hai)物質含(han)(han)量(liang)低，成為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)生態型藥(yao)用植物種(zhong)(zhong)植示范基地的最佳區域(yu)。據(ju)統計，2007年，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)人(ren)工種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)約(yue)7萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，陜西省只有(you)安康市發(fa)展絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)產(chan)業，全(quan)市種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)2．8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，平(ping)利(li)占了2萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)和(he)(he)原料產(chan)量(liang)占全(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的35%以上(shang)，苦味(wei)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)獨有(you)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，選育的絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)良種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)效物質含(han)(han)量(liang)比其他品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)區域(yu)高5個百(bai)分點，處于國(guo)(guo)際領先(xian)水平(ping)。平(ping)利(li)縣(xian)(xian)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)的自然分布分化中(zhong)(zhong)心，在世界上(shang)已發(fa)現的16種(zhong)(zhong)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)屬(shu)植物中(zhong)(zhong)，該縣(xian)(xian)就占了7種(zhong)(zhong)，其皂(zao)甙含(han)(han)量(liang)高達12.2%，理化指標位居榜(bang)首(shou)。

生產情況

安康(kang)自古(gu)以(yi)(yi)來就盛產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材，歷史上(shang)被(bei)(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材之鄉”。《唐(tang)書(shu)·地(di)理志》就有(you)金州杜(du)仲(zhong)、秦艽、黃柏(bo)等(deng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材作為(wei)(wei)“貢品”的(de)(de)記載(zai)。鎮坪的(de)(de)黃連、紫陽的(de)(de)厚樸(pu)、嵐皋的(de)(de)杜(du)仲(zhong)、平利(li)(li)的(de)(de)八(ba)仙黨(dang)參等(deng)地(di)道中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)聞名遐(xia)邇。200多年(nian)前這里就是(shi)“山中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)農過(guo)半，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)商絡繹不(bu)絕”。據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)(zi)源普(pu)查，全市(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)種(zhong)類1299種(zhong)，總(zong)數(shu)占(zhan)全省53%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。屬于2000年(nian)版《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典》收(shou)(shou)載(zai)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材290種(zhong)，占(zhan)《藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)總(zong)數(shu)的(de)(de)68.4%。絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)、葛根、黃姜、黃連、當歸、杜(du)仲(zhong)、淫羊藿、葉下珠、黃柏(bo)、厚樸(pu)、麝香(xiang)(xiang)、蜈蚣、熊膽、桔梗(geng)、秦巴硒菇(gu)、玄(xuan)參、獨活、云木香(xiang)(xiang)、川牛膝(xi)、豬苓(ling)、魔芋（藥(yao)(yao)(yao)食(shi)兩用）等(deng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量居全省首位。自20世紀(ji)70年(nian)代初開(kai)始，平利(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)著手絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)系統研(yan)究開(kai)發(fa)工(gong)作，先后攻克(ke)了(le)(le)野生(sheng)馴化(hua)、無性快速繁殖、病蟲害(hai)(hai)防治和科學采收(shou)(shou)等(deng)一系列(lie)人(ren)工(gong)栽培難題，研(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)出絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)茶、飲料(liao)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)品等(deng)系列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品，隨(sui)著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)加入WTO，為(wei)(wei)讓絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)打入國(guo)(guo)際市(shi)(shi)場(chang)，平利(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)加快了(le)(le)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)第一縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)步(bu)伐，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)由(you)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)長掛帥(shuai)的(de)(de)領導(dao)小組(zu)，采取公司+基(ji)地(di)+農戶的(de)(de)模(mo)式，吸(xi)引(yin)安康(kang)正大和北醫大制(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)限公司投資(zi)(zi)500余(yu)萬元(yuan)(yuan)，在(zai)城關、長安兩鎮建設(she)(she)GAP藥(yao)(yao)(yao)源基(ji)地(di)，扶持(chi)(chi)組(zu)建了(le)(le)農盛、五和、國(guo)(guo)彩等(deng)3個絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)和25個加工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)，實行訂(ding)單生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2萬畝國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)基(ji)地(di)。同時，建立(li)完善了(le)(le)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)究、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)推廣和標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)監測三(san)大體(ti)系，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)究課(ke)題組(zu)，形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心為(wei)(wei)龍頭，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮、村三(san)級為(wei)(wei)紐帶(dai)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)推廣網絡，培育出11個新(xin)品系，起草(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)無公害(hai)(hai)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)系列(lie)7項(xiang)(xiang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)被(bei)(bei)發(fa)布(bu)為(wei)(wei)省級地(di)方(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，填補了(le)(le)陜西(xi)省執(zhi)行標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)空白，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)發(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)第一項(xiang)(xiang)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)省級地(di)方(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。此(ci)外，他們實行政策(ce)傾(qing)斜，累(lei)計投入700多萬元(yuan)(yuan)扶持(chi)(chi)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)發(fa)展(zhan)，召開(kai)現場(chang)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、培訓(xun)會(hui)(hui)(hui)200余(yu)場(chang)次(ci)，培訓(xun)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)骨干、示(shi)范(fan)(fan)大戶10000多人(ren)次(ci)，印發(fa)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)20000余(yu)份，標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)種(zhong)植普(pu)及率達95%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，創(chuang)造出畝產(chan)(chan)(chan)鮮草(cao)(cao)5000公斤的(de)(de)奇(qi)跡(ji)。2005年(nian)6月，“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)專利(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)工(gong)程”試點基(ji)地(di)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)在(zai)陜西(xi)平利(li)(li)正式啟(qi)動，平利(li)(li)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)基(ji)地(di)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)十大基(ji)地(di)之一，該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)連獲三(san)項(xiang)(xiang)殊榮：絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)區(qu)通過(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)驗收(shou)(shou)；有(you)機絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)茶獲國(guo)(guo)家(jia)認證；絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)原產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)域保護產(chan)(chan)(chan)品。絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品以(yi)(yi)純天然、無公害(hai)(hai)和富(fu)含微(wei)量元(yuan)(yuan)素走俏日本、北京、廣州等(deng)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)，年(nian)銷(xiao)售量達500噸，實現產(chan)(chan)(chan)值4000余(yu)萬元(yuan)(yuan)，僅此(ci)一項(xiang)(xiang)可(ke)為(wei)(wei)農民年(nian)人(ren)均增收(shou)(shou)170元(yuan)(yuan)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)促(cu)農增收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)新(xin)亮點，先后獲得曼谷(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)優質農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品及科技(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果設(she)(she)備展(zhan)覽(lan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)銀(yin)獎、陜西(xi)省第三(san)屆技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果交易(yi)洽談會(hui)(hui)(hui)金獎、首屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)楊陵農科城技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果博覽(lan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)金像獎。