以臨湘(xiang)市(shi)龍窖山地域范圍內(nei)所產瘤狀莖用芥菜、蘿卜(bu)、山泉水(shui)為原料,采用當(dang)地特定工(gong)藝制成(cheng)的(de),具有鮮、香、嫩、脆、辣獨(du)特風味的(de)鹽(yan)漬醬菜。
中文名:龍窖醬菜 英文名:Longjiao pickled vegetables主(zhu)要原料:榨菜、蘿卜 營養(yang)成(cheng)分:富含(han)維生素(su)B1、谷氨(an)酸和(he)鐵、鋅、錳等微(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)
名稱來歷
龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)因(yin)龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)而得名,主要(yao)包(bao)括榨菜(cai)和蘿卜(bu)兩個品(pin)種(zhong)。據考證龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)瑤(yao)(yao)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)發(fa)源(yuan)地(di),位(wei)于湖南(nan)省臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang)市區(qu)東南(nan),一(yi)(yi)直是(shi)醬菜(cai)的(de)主產區(qu),以盛產龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)出名。臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang)龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)屬幕阜山(shan)(shan)(shan)余脈,山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)面積10.5萬畝,最高峰(feng)海拔1261.1米(mi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢高峻、澗深(shen)洞長、蜿蜒(yan)百里,是(shi)為避難秘地(di)、世(shi)外桃(tao)源(yuan)。瑤(yao)(yao)胞們(men)在這(zhe)里留下了令人嘆為觀(guan)止的(de)文(wen)化(hua)遺跡。這(zhe)個“養在深(shen)閨人未識”的(de)瑤(yao)(yao)族理(li)想(xiang)家(jia)(jia)園“千家(jia)(jia)峒(tong)”原來就在湖南(nan)臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang),遺存的(de)大(da)量石器和種(zhong)植物種(zhong),龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈內家(jia)(jia)家(jia)(jia)戶戶都有腌制蔬菜(cai)的(de)傳統習慣(guan)。龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈在臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang)境內蜿蜒(yan)起伏(fu),龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)水源(yuan)現已成為臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang)市的(de)飲用取水源(yuan),不僅惠澤臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang)市內,還輻射到周邊的(de)縣區(qu),龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)就是(shi)這(zhe)些燦爛歷史文(wen)化(hua)的(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)延續。
歷史淵源
龍窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生產歷史悠久,最早可追溯到(dao)神農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)嘗百(bai)(bai)(bai)草的傳說(shuo),一(yi)日(ri)(ri)來到(dao)洞(dong)庭湖(hu)東畔(pan),幕(mu)阜山(shan)余脈(mo)一(yi)處(今(jin)湖(hu)南臨(lin)湘(xiang)龍窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)),但(dan)(dan)見瀑(pu)布(bu)飛瀉,林木蔥郁,奇花(hua)異(yi)草滿山(shan)遍(bian)野,甚感(gan)好(hao)(hao)(hao)山(shan)好(hao)(hao)(hao)景,環顧(gu)山(shan)野住民,卻(que)是(shi)饑不(bu)(bu)裹(guo)腹(fu),哀鴻遍(bian)野,神農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)思不(bu)(bu)得其解,看(kan)此(ci)處土(tu)地(di)肥沃,氣候宜人,但(dan)(dan)是(shi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)生活卻(que)十分艱辛。尋人細問,原來此(ci)處確實物(wu)(wu)(wu)產豐富,但(dan)(dan)每到(dao)春末(mo)夏初,正是(shi)青(qing)黃(huang)(huang)不(bu)(bu)接之(zhi)時,冬季(ji)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)已衰敗,春季(ji)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)尚未長成,人們無(wu)處取(qu)食,神農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)了解原委后(hou)(hou),就在山(shan)野找一(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)洞(dong)暫居下來,隨(sui)村(cun)民一(yi)起日(ri)(ri)出而(er)作(zuo),日(ri)(ri)落而(er)息,大量種植谷(gu)(gu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)與蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),待到(dao)豐收之(zhi)時,教村(cun)民將(jiang)谷(gu)(gu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)曬干囤積(ji),將(jiang)蘿卜(bu)、榨菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)等蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)采摘(zhai)灑鹽置于石(shi)(shi)(shi)洞(dong)中(zhong)扎緊保存。到(dao)來年(nian)青(qing)黃(huang)(huang)不(bu)(bu)接時,開窖(jiao)(jiao)取(qu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),則(ze)醬香撲鼻(bi),菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)體完好(hao)(hao)(hao),從此(ci)鄉(xiang)民無(wu)食物(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)憂(you)。當地(di)村(cun)民為感(gan)謝神農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)恩德,便(bian)將(jiang)神農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)當年(nian)所(suo)居石(shi)(shi)(shi)洞(dong)稱為“龍窖(jiao)(jiao)”,將(jiang)神農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)窖(jiao)(jiao)藏之(zhi)法所(suo)得的蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)稱之(zhi)為“龍窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”。從此(ci)以后(hou)(hou)家(jia)(jia)家(jia)(jia)戶(hu)戶(hu)都將(jiang)吃不(bu)(bu)完的蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)按此(ci)法進行儲藏蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),“龍窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”也從此(ci)流(liu)傳至今(jin)。
關(guan)于(yu)龍窖醬菜(cai)制作(zuo)的(de)(de)歷史十分久遠,已無從考證,據臨(lin)湘鄉間(jian)盛傳的(de)(de)民間(jian)傳說在(zai)三國時期就有早期龍窖醬菜(cai)制作(zuo)過(guo)程和故(gu)事的(de)(de)記載:公(gong)元208年,三國東吳大(da)將黃(huang)蓋臨(lin)危受命(ming),秘密進駐下雋縣(今(jin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南省臨(lin)湘市)。這里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊浩渺,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)垸眾多,黃(huang)蓋在(zai)此操練水軍,當時軍需物資潰乏(fa),既備(bei)戰(zhan)又備(bei)荒,將士(shi)(shi)們(men)生產(chan)大(da)量糧1蔬(shu),以應戰(zhan)時之需。為戰(zhan)備(bei)需要他們(men)將蔬(shu)菜(cai)進行腌制,用(yong)土(tu)壇裝好,和黃(huang)泥密封,埋于(yu)山(shan)邊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)畔,經七(qi)七(qi)四十九天后取出,將士(shi)(shi)食之味口頓開,士(shi)(shi)氣大(da)振。三國相爭(zheng),都以真龍天子自居,因此軍中以龍為名窖藏(zang),此地(di)又靠近龍窖山(shan),因此得名龍窖醬菜(cai)。
但根(gen)據現可查證(zheng)的資料可追溯到宋代(dai),宋代(dai)范致明《岳(yue)陽風土記(ji)》:“龍窖山(shan)(shan)在(臨湘)縣東南(nan),按鄂州崇陽縣,雷(lei)家洞、石門(men)洞,山(shan)(shan)極深遠。其間(jian)居(ju)民謂之鳥鄉,語言侏離,以耕(geng)畬為業,磨豆腌菜為食。非市鹽茶(cha)不(bu)入城市邑,亦無(wu)貢賦,蓋山(shan)(shan)瑤人也。”再(zai)是宋馬(ma)子嚴《岳(yue)陽甲志》:“龍窖山(shan)(shan)在巴陵北,山(shan)(shan)實(shi)峻極。山(shan)(shan)有雷(lei)洞,有石門(men)之洞,山(shan)(shan)瑤居(ju)之,自耕(geng)而(er)食,植蔬(shu)植豆,自織(zhi)而(er)衣”。
據康熙《臨湘縣志》記載(zai):黃蓋湖產醬菜,曰龍窖,歲貢(gong)九壇(tan)。
生產地域地理特征
該地(di)域位于(yu)湖南省(sheng)東北(bei)部,長江(jiang)中游南岸,地(di)處(chu)北(bei)緯29°10′~29°52′、東經113°15′~113°45′。地(di)處(chu)北(bei)亞熱帶氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)帶,屬于(yu)亞熱帶季(ji)(ji)風性濕潤(run)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和(he)濕潤(run),雨(yu)量充沛,四季(ji)(ji)分明。春季(ji)(ji)溫(wen)暖,陰(yin)濕多雨(yu),常(chang)為春雨(yu)綿綿,麻雨(yu)稀稀的天(tian)氣(qi)。夏無酷暑,盛吹南風。秋季(ji)(ji)涼爽,時(shi)有小(xiao)雨(yu)。冬季(ji)(ji)冷濕無嚴寒,平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)小(xiao)于(yu)或等于(yu)0℃,每年不超(chao)過(guo)5天(tian),晴朗天(tian)氣(qi),時(shi)有小(xiao)雨(yu)。這(zhe)種氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件十分適宜農作物、蔬菜(cai)、豆類的生(sheng)長,也為醬菜(cai)發酵(jiao)提供了天(tian)然的環境(jing)。
因(yin)長期受自(zi)然因(yin)素(su)和(he)人為因(yin)素(su)等(deng)影響,擬保護區域內(nei)內(nei)紅壤(rang)和(he)黃棕壤(rang),土層深(shen)厚,養(yang)(yang)分豐富,呈酸(suan)性及弱(ruo)酸(suan)性,有(you)機(ji)含(han)量較高,十分有(you)利于(yu)榨(zha)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和(he)蘿卜等(deng)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的生長。土壤(rang)富含(han)養(yang)(yang)分量及水平分別為:有(you)機(ji)質31.5 g/kg、有(you)效磷(lin)17 mg/kg、速效鉀69mg/kg、全(quan)氮(dan)2.0 g/kg、堿解氮(dan)189 mg/kg,特別有(you)利于(yu)種植蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)等(deng)植物。新鮮的蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)原料,特定環境下(xia)的傳統(tong)工(gong)藝,使龍窖(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鮮嫰爽(shuang)脆的獨有(you)風(feng)味。
質量特色
龍窖(jiao)醬菜具有(you)“色澤(ze)(ze)光亮,壇(tan)香綿(mian)長(chang),爽脆(cui)可(ke)口(kou),咸淡(dan)適中”的獨特品質,醬菜外(wai)觀顏(yan)色鮮(xian)亮有(you)光澤(ze)(ze),經(jing)窖(jiao)藏發酵(jiao)后壇(tan)香味濃郁,嘗之口(kou)感(gan)鮮(xian)爽脆(cui)嫩,咸淡(dan)適中,余味綿(mian)長(chang)。