產地環境
度(du)尾鎮位于仙游縣西部的(de)半(ban)山(shan)區丘(qiu)陵地帶(dai),區域面(mian)積113平方公里(li)。全鎮耕地面(mian)積3.6萬畝(mu),山(shan)地面(mian)積10萬畝(mu)。境(jing)內屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)海洋季風(feng)氣(qi)候,年均氣(qi)溫21℃,年降雨(yu)量(liang)1600—2000mm,日(ri)照充足、雨(yu)量(liang)充沛、水(shui)源豐(feng)富(fu),形成了優質水(shui)果(guo)(guo)特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)文旦柚生(sheng)產的(de)獨特(te)自然氣(qi)候條(tiao)件,是(shi)(shi)發展亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)植物的(de)天然寶地。地理上,靠近(jin)戴云山(shan)脈,四面(mian)環山(shan)中成盆(pen)地。境(jing)內山(shan)地土壤為磚(zhuan)紅(hong)(hong)性紅(hong)(hong)壤、沙質黃壤土,有(you)機(ji)質含量(liang)豐(feng)富(fu),是(shi)(shi)發展綠(lv)色食物的(de)最適宜的(de)地方,被(bei)譽為“水(shui)果(guo)(guo)之鄉”。
品質特征
度尾(wei)文(wen)(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)是莆田四大名果(guo)(guo)(guo)之一,是仙游縣度尾(wei)鎮特(te)有(you)的(de)(de)名貴佳果(guo)(guo)(guo),果(guo)(guo)(guo)實品(pin)質優良、氣味芬香、肉嫩汁醇、甜酸適度、無籽少(shao)籽、清香爽口(kou)、風(feng)味獨特(te)。外觀形(xing)似大稱砣,色澤青黃,果(guo)(guo)(guo)重800克左右。內(nei)含物質豐富,具有(you)較高(gao)營(ying)養價值和藥用(yong)功效(xiao),經福建(jian)農林大學測試中心(xin)檢(jian)測和天津(jin)輕工學院成份分析度尾(wei)文(wen)(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)的(de)(de)有(you)益氨基酸達18種,礦物質達11種,并(bing)經福建(jian)中醫研究院檢(jian)測表明(ming),度尾(wei)文(wen)(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)含有(you)柚(you)(you)甙、新(xin)橙(cheng)甙、胡(hu)蘿(luo)卜素、維(wei)生素B、菸(yan)酸、鈣、磷(lin)、鐵、揮(hui)發油、糖和胰島素等成份,具有(you)抗炎止(zhi)咳、降血壓、降血糖等作用(yong)是藥膳(shan)兩宜(yi)的(de)(de)美味佳果(guo)(guo)(guo)。
品種由來
度尾(wei)(wei)文(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)植(zhi)歷史悠久(jiu)(jiu),據傳(chuan)說,1833年(清(qing)道(dao)光十二(er)年)仙游縣度尾(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)潭(tan)邊村后(hou)庭(ting)組吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青(qing)考中舉人(ren)(ren),翌(yi)年他游覽(lan)浙江金華(hua)府與(yu)仕友品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)時,覺得(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質尚(shang)佳,更(geng)向當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)友人(ren)(ren)討(tao)取柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苗,并(bing)帶回幾(ji)(ji)(ji)棵種(zhong)植(zhi)在(zai)(zai)自己老家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庭(ting)院內,經過幾(ji)(ji)(ji)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)心(xin)培(pei)育,柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝旺葉盛不(bu)久(jiu)(jiu)更(geng)開花結(jie)果(guo)(guo),到(dao)十月底(di)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)成熟時,色澤青(qing)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)重(zhong)2斤(jin)左右,采下(xia)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗時覺得(de)口(kou)感(gan)較(jiao)好(hao),但汁(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)(shao)有(you)(you)渣(zha),果(guo)(guo)肉中含(han)有(you)(you)許多柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)籽(zi),果(guo)(guo)形不(bu)規則,皮粗影響品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青(qing)感(gan)覺到(dao)自己種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)與(yu)金華(hua)吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)明顯退化。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)舉人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)次(ci)朋(peng)友聚會上(shang)(shang),他了解到(dao)潭(tan)邊村有(you)(you)位青(qing)年女(nv)子(zi)(zi)叫(jiao)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)母,人(ren)(ren)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)秀美麗,而且(qie)(qie)還是莆田(tian)仙戲班中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個名旦(dan)(dan),前幾(ji)(ji)(ji)年她(ta)在(zai)(zai)外出(chu)(chu)(chu)演出(chu)(chu)(chu)時,帶回一(yi)棵柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苗栽(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厝邊,已開花結(jie)果(guo)(guo),其品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質優(you)(you)良,不(bu)但口(kou)感(gan)好(hao),柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)果(guo)(guo)肉無(wu)籽(zi),汁(zhi)(zhi)多無(wu)渣(zha),但果(guo)(guo)實(shi)不(bu)大,只(zhi)有(you)(you)半市斤(jin)左右,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青(qing)獲悉(xi)后(hou),帶著自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi),到(dao)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)母家拜訪,當(dang)(dang)(dang)二(er)人(ren)(ren)相互品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗著對方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)覺得(de)只(zhi)有(you)(you)融合雙(shuang)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)點,才能(neng)達到(dao)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質,為(wei)(wei)此,請果(guo)(guo)匠(jiang)把(ba)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)母栽(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹上(shang)(shang)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)穗剪下(xia)來,嫁接(jie)到(dao)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹上(shang)(shang)。經過精(jing)(jing)心(xin)管(guan)理,新嫁接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹終于結(jie)出(chu)(chu)(chu)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)了,到(dao)十月底(di)采收時,果(guo)(guo)實(shi)重(zhong)達1.5-2市斤(jin),形似(si)大稱砣,色澤青(qing)黃(huang),產量也高,品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗內質時,具備(bei)了雙(shuang)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)點,清(qing)香爽口(kou)、汁(zhi)(zhi)多肉嫩、無(wu)籽(zi)無(wu)渣(zha)、芬(fen)香撲鼻,是柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中佳品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)舉人(ren)(ren)與(yu)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名旦(dan)(dan)二(er)人(ren)(ren)非常高興視(shi)為(wei)(wei)奇(qi)珍異(yi)果(guo)(guo),并(bing)取名為(wei)(wei)“文(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)”,其喻意為(wei)(wei)“文(wen)”舉人(ren)(ren)與(yu)名“旦(dan)(dan)”共同培(pei)育出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),而且(qie)(qie)名字也雅致含(han)蓄。之后(hou)他們精(jing)(jing)心(xin)培(pei)植(zhi),不(bu)斷繁育這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)優(you)(you)良品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),并(bing)贈(zeng)送(song)給親朋(peng)好(hao)友種(zhong)植(zhi),幾(ji)(ji)(ji)年后(hou),在(zai)(zai)度尾(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)寶興、新厝子(zi)(zi)、陳庫幾(ji)(ji)(ji)個自然村等地(di)(di)都出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)零星栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)時,由于這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)產量極少(shao)(shao),多作珍品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)饋贈(zeng)親朋(peng)好(hao)友、上(shang)(shang)司、貴賓乃(nai)至被地(di)(di)方(fang)官府當(dang)(dang)(dang)作朝庭(ting)貢品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)向上(shang)(shang)朝貢。
生產情況
清(qing)末栽培成(cheng)功后(hou)(hou),群眾(zhong)用高(gao)壓法育苗傳(chuan)鄰村。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),度(du)(du)尾(wei)的(de)(de)文(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)產量(liang)已達(da)到(dao)(dao)2500公(gong)斤(jin)。由于文(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)具有(you)單性結實的(de)(de)特性,果(guo)實無(wu)籽脆(cui)甜(tian)。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月,時(shi)(shi)任(ren)國家主席的(de)(de)李先念在福建視察時(shi)(shi),品(pin)(pin)嘗之后(hou)(hou)為(wei)它命名“度(du)(du)尾(wei)無(wu)籽蜜柚(you)”。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi)該縣種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)總共只(zhi)有(you)198畝,產量(liang)也只(zhi)有(you)8噸。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),經福建省(sheng)科委鑒評(ping),認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)優良柚(you)類(lei)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),同時(shi)(shi)被(bei)國家農業部,中國科學院、中國植(zhi)物研究所確認(ren)為(wei)是柚(you)類(lei)中的(de)(de)佳品(pin)(pin)。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),該縣文(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)2481畝,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產量(liang)1050噸,龍華、大濟、賴店、榜(bang)頭等也相繼引種(zhong)。1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)1萬多(duo)畝規模(mo),產量(liang)達(da)6000噸,產值(zhi)1500多(duo)萬元(yuan),為(wei)了更好指(zhi)導度(du)(du)尾(wei)文(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan),度(du)(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)成(cheng)立了度(du)(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)文(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)協會,1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又成(cheng)立度(du)(du)尾(wei)農工(gong)貿果(guo)品(pin)(pin)開(kai)發(fa)有(you)限公(gong)司(si),向國家工(gong)商(shang)總局商(shang)標(biao)局申請注(zhu)冊(ce)“度(du)(du)尾(wei)”牌文(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)這一(yi)地(di)理標(biao)志商(shang)標(biao),并在2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月得到(dao)(dao)批準使(shi)用,注(zhu)冊(ce)號(hao)為(wei)1388985號(hao)。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),度(du)(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)種(zhong)植(zhi)文(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)3.5萬畝,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產量(liang)達(da)2萬噸,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)可創(chuang)產值(zhi)7000萬元(yuan)。