一.產品介紹
外(wai)在感官特(te)征:壽光(guang)螞蜆,其貝殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三角(jiao)卵圓形,具有(you)前(qian)傾的殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)頂(ding),殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)頂(ding)至貝殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)前(qian)端(duan)的距(ju)離約(yue)等(deng)于貝殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)全長的1/3。小(xiao)月面橢圓形或略呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)梭(suo)形,盾(dun)面梭(suo)形。貝殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)前(qian)端(duan)邊緣(yuan)橢圓,后端(duan)邊緣(yuan)略呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)截形。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)表面灰黃色(se)(se)(se)或深褐色(se)(se)(se),有(you)的帶褐色(se)(se)(se)斑點。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)面除(chu)了同(tong)心(xin)生長輪外(wai),還有(you)細密的放(fang)射(she)肋。水管(guan)基(ji)部愈合,入(ru)水管(guan)口(kou)喙觸手(shou)不分叉。前(qian)閉殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)肌痕半圓形,后閉殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)肌痕近卵形。放(fang)射(she)肋與生長線交錯(cuo)形成布紋(wen)狀。
二.自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境和人(ren)文歷(li)史因素(su)
壽光(guang)地(di)(di)處(chu)中緯度(du)(du)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),北臨渤海(hai)(hai)(hai),屬暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風區(qu)大(da)陸性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候。受冷暖(nuan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交替(ti)影(ying)響,形成了(le)“春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)干旱少(shao)雨(yu),夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)炎熱(re)多(duo)(duo)雨(yu),秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)爽涼(liang)有(you)(you)(you)旱,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)干冷少(shao)雪”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特點。歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)591.9毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1286.7毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)小(xiao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)299.5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)總時(shi)數平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)2607.4小(xiao)時(shi),日(ri)照(zhao)率為(wei)(wei)49%,10℃以(yi)(yi)上(shang)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)1568.6小(xiao)時(shi),占(zhan)總日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)12.6℃,受大(da)陸性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候和(he)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋季(ji)(ji)(ji)風的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重(zhong)影(ying)響,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)變化較(jiao)劇烈,春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)回升較(jiao)快(kuai),夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)炎熱(re),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)23℃,日(ri)最(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)在(zai)30℃以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)68天。秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)逐日(ri)降(jiang)(jiang)低,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)19℃,有(you)(you)(you)寒流出(chu)現。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)從12月份開始(shi),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)-1.0℃以(yi)(yi)下(xia),日(ri)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)低于-10℃以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)22天。四(si)季(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)明,干濕(shi)度(du)(du)非常明顯。北臨渤海(hai)(hai)(hai)萊州灣,該海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)地(di)(di)勢低平(ping)(ping),坡(po)降(jiang)(jiang)較(jiao)緩(huan),坡(po)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)2.0×104,屬粉砂淤泥質型海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸,含(han)(han)砂量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)70%~80%。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)較(jiao)小(xiao),有(you)(you)(you)彌河(he)、丹河(he)、旺河(he)、小(xiao)老(lao)(lao)(lao)河(he)、織女河(he)等(deng)多(duo)(duo)條河(he)流注入(ru),附近(jin)還有(you)(you)(you)黃河(he)、濰河(he)、白浪(lang)河(he)等(deng)入(ru)海(hai)(hai)(hai),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)條河(he)流入(ru)海(hai)(hai)(hai),帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)來了(le)豐富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)鹽和(he)有(you)(you)(you)機物(wu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質肥沃,為(wei)(wei)浮游生(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁衍生(sheng)長提供了(le)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件,餌(er)料(liao)生(sheng)物(wu)種類(lei)繁多(duo)(duo),數量(liang)(liang)(liang)豐富(fu)(fu)。據《壽光(guang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)鑒》記載(zai)(zai):“老(lao)(lao)(lao)河(he)口(kou)(kou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)浮游動物(wu)總生(sheng)物(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)比春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)高,春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)50-100毫克/米(mi)(mi)(mi)3,夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)100-250毫克/米(mi)(mi)(mi)3 ,PH值7.2-8.3,鹽度(du)(du)15.38-28.53‰,溶(rong)解氧5.67-10.51毫克/升,淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)漁業資(zi)源(yuan)豐富(fu)(fu),灘涂貝種類(lei)繁多(duo)(duo)但(dan)以(yi)(yi)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)居(ju)多(duo)(duo)”。 螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)棲息環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)求:螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)大(da)多(duo)(duo)棲息在(zai)風浪(lang)較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內灣、且有(you)(you)(you)適(shi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)注人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中、低潮區(qu),但(dan)鹽度(du)(du)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)嶼和(he)數米(mi)(mi)(mi)深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潮下(xia)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),也(ye)偶有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)現;棲息底質,以(yi)(yi)含(han)(han)砂量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)70%~80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂泥灘數量(liang)(liang)(liang)最(zui)多(duo)(duo)。在(zai)含(han)(han)砂量(liang)(liang)(liang)很少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥灘和(he)含(han)(han)泥量(liang)(liang)(liang)極少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂地(di)(di)或礫石地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),雖也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)現,但(dan)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)甚少(shao)。通過以(yi)(yi)上(shang)對老(lao)(lao)(lao)河(he)口(kou)(kou)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)地(di)(di)理環(huan)境(jing)和(he)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)所要(yao)求環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對比可以(yi)(yi)看出(chu),老(lao)(lao)(lao)河(he)口(kou)(kou)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)無論地(di)(di)勢、底質、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質、餌(er)料(liao)、鹽度(du)(du)等(deng)各項指標(biao)都(dou)特別適(shi)合(he)于螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態習性(xing),從而誕(dan)生(sheng)了(le)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽光(guang)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)。自(zi)七十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)末在(zai)壽光(guang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)河(he)口(kou)(kou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)形成自(zi)然種群(qun),并形成捕(bu)撈(lao)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang),八十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)初(chu)開始(shi)進行人(ren)工(gong)(gong)增(zeng)養(yang)殖,目前增(zeng)養(yang)殖面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)30000多(duo)(duo)畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)6000余(yu)噸。據1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)《山東省志 水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)志》記載(zai)(zai):“螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)主要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)山東壽光(guang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)可口(kou)(kou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)及山東半(ban)島(dao)南(nan)部海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu),分(fen)布面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)13.8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),資(zi)源(yuan)蘊藏量(liang)(liang)(liang)約1.4萬(wan)(wan)噸”。其個體雖小(xiao),但(dan)味道鮮(xian)美(mei),肉可鮮(xian)食(shi),亦可加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成蛤干、五香(xiang)蛤仔,是價廉味美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)眾食(shi)品(pin)。活蛤也(ye)是出(chu)口(kou)(kou)創(chuang)匯(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)品(pin),產(chan)品(pin)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)日(ri)本等(deng)東南(nan)亞國家。與縊(yi)蟶(cheng)、牡蠣和(he)毛蚶一(yi)起被稱為(wei)(wei)中國傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“四(si)大(da)養(yang)殖貝類(lei)”。由于良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質和(he)豐富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餌(er)料(liao)資(zi)源(yuan),老(lao)(lao)(lao)河(he)口(kou)(kou)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)口(kou)(kou)味鮮(xian)美(mei),質量(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)等(deng),這一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)品(pin)被評為(wei)(wei)無公(gong)害產(chan)品(pin),保護區(qu)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)被認定(ding)為(wei)(wei)山東省漁業標(biao)準化示范基地(di)(di);2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)被農業部認定(ding)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)健康(kang)養(yang)殖示范場。產(chan)品(pin)深(shen)(shen)受消費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青睞。由于鮮(xian)美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)(kou)味和(he)豐富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang),在(zai)當地(di)(di)也(ye)創(chuang)造出(chu)了(le)花樣(yang)繁多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烹飪方法,如(ru): 菠菜炒螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)、砂鍋(guo)釀螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)、絲瓜炒螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)、辣炒螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)等(deng)已成為(wei)(wei)廣泛流行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方美(mei)食(shi)名(ming)吃(chi)。
三.地域范圍
壽(shou)光螞蜆(xian)(ma xian)山東地區統(tong)稱蛤(ha)蜊(gala)、壽(shou)光一帶(dai)俗稱花蛤(ha),主要分布在山東省壽(shou)光市行政區內(nei)的營里鎮老(lao)河(he)口沿海(hai)一帶(dai),地理坐(zuo)標為(wei)東經119°00′00″~119°05′00″,北緯 37°16′00″~37°18′00″,總(zong)面積(ji) 30000畝(mu),年產量6000余(yu)噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)
1、產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特色(se):外(wai)在感官特征:壽光螞(ma)蜆(xian)[Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams et Reeve)],其(qi)貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)呈三角卵(luan)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具有前(qian)傾的(de)(de)殼(ke)(ke)頂,殼(ke)(ke)頂至貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)前(qian)端(duan)的(de)(de)距(ju)離(li)約等于貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)全長的(de)(de)1/3。小月面橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)略(lve)呈梭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),盾面梭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)前(qian)端(duan)邊(bian)緣橢圓,后(hou)端(duan)邊(bian)緣略(lve)呈截(jie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。殼(ke)(ke)表面灰黃色(se)或(huo)深褐色(se),有的(de)(de)帶褐色(se)斑點。殼(ke)(ke)面除了(le)同心生(sheng)長輪外(wai),還有細密的(de)(de)放(fang)射(she)肋(lei)。水管基部(bu)愈合,入水管口喙觸手不分叉。前(qian)閉殼(ke)(ke)肌(ji)痕(hen)半圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),后(hou)閉殼(ke)(ke)肌(ji)痕(hen)近卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),放(fang)射(she)肋(lei)與生(sheng)長線交錯形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成布紋狀。殼(ke)(ke)面厚(hou)而斑點大(da),整體(ti)顏色(se)比其(qi)他地區(qu)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)螞(ma)蜆(xian)深,離(li)水后(hou)存活時(shi)間(jian)在相同條件下比其(qi)他地區(qu)的(de)(de)長30%以上,所(suo)以深受銷(xiao)售客戶的(de)(de)歡(huan)迎(ying),擴大(da)了(le)銷(xiao)售范圍,產品(pin)80%銷(xiao)售日本和韓(han)國。
2、內(nei)在(zai)品質指(zhi)標:據有關醫學(xue)報(bao)道,螞蜆具(ju)(ju)有一下藥理作用(yong)(yong):a延緩(huan)衰(shuai)老作用(yong)(yong),螞蜆水提(ti)取(qu)物(wu)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)降(jiang)(jiang)低小鼠肝組織中過氧(yang)化(hua)脂質含量,提(ti)高超氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)歧化(hua)酶(mei)(SOD)活性(xing),降(jiang)(jiang)低皮(pi)膚(fu)和尾(wei)腱中羥脯氨含量,具(ju)(ju)有顯(xian)(xian)(xian)著的(de)(de)延緩(huan)衰(shuai)老作用(yong)(yong)。 b抗腫瘤作用(yong)(yong),該提(ti)取(qu)物(wu)對肉(rou)瘤180、艾(ai)瘤腹水型和肝癌實(shi)體型具(ju)(ju)有較(jiao)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)抑(yi)制作用(yong)(yong)。c降(jiang)(jiang)壓作用(yong)(yong),螞蜆肉(rou)具(ju)(ju)有明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)壓作用(yong)(yong)。d性(xing)味(wei):味(wei)甘(gan);咸;性(xing)寒e功能主治(zhi):清熱(re)解(jie)毒。主臁瘡;黃水瘡f用(yong)(yong)法用(yong)(yong)量:外(wai)用(yong)(yong):適(shi)量,煅存性(xing),研末撒。
3、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)規定(ding):嚴格按照以上“3特定(ding)生產方(fang)式”中(zhong)1產地環境、2苗種放養、3生產管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)的(de)(de)生產要(yao)求符(fu)合GB 18406.4-2001--農產品(pin)安(an)全(quan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)水(shui)產品(pin)安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求、NY5052--無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin) 海水(shui)養殖用(yong)水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)、NY 5701--無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin) 漁用(yong)藥物使用(yong)標準、NY5073--2001-無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin) 水(shui)產品(pin)中(zhong)有毒有害(hai)物質(zhi)限量(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)所規定(ding)的(de)(de)各項指標組(zu)織發展生產,完善質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理細則,確保壽光(guang)螞蜆(xian)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)。
五.特定生產方式(shi)
1、產地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing) :保(bao)護區自(zi)(zi)然(ran)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)優(you)良,水(shui)質(zhi)肥度適(shi)宜,鹽度適(shi)宜,適(shi)口餌料豐富,而且以螞蜆(xian)(xian)喜(xi)食的(de)圓篩藻、舟形藻、菱形藻等(deng)底(di)棲硅藻類居多,透明度0.3-1.0米(mi)左右,海(hai)況水(shui)質(zhi)符合(he)GB 11607的(de)規定要求(qiu),為螞蜆(xian)(xian)的(de)繁衍生長創造了(le)得天獨厚(hou)的(de)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)。為進一(yi)(yi)步保(bao)護好這一(yi)(yi)地(di)方優(you)質(zhi)資(zi)源,壽光市(shi)(shi)政府于2008年(nian)9月22日成立(li)了(le)壽光市(shi)(shi)海(hai)惠海(hai)水(shui)養(yang)殖(zhi)專業(ye)合(he)作社(she),以壽光市(shi)(shi)海(hai)惠集團為依托(tuo),以海(hai)惠集團貝類養(yang)殖(zhi)場為發(fa)展基地(di),實行“企業(ye)+合(he)作社(she)+基地(di)”的(de)經營管(guan)理(li)模式,重點對(dui)螞蜆(xian)(xian)實行統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)苗(miao)種(zhong)供應、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)質(zhi)量(liang)標準、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)產品和產地(di)認證、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)技術管(guan)理(li)、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)包裝(zhuang)銷(xiao)售的(de)“六統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)”模式,有效地(di)克服了(le)分散(san)生產經營的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)監管(guan)、安全保(bao)障難的(de)問題。在生產管(guan)理(li)中總結出了(le)“五防(fang)”、“五勤(qin)(qin)(qin)”的(de)管(guan)理(li)經驗。“五防(fang)”是:防(fang)洪(hong)、防(fang)暑、防(fang)凍、防(fang)人(ren)踐(jian)踏、防(fang)敵害。“五勤(qin)(qin)(qin)”是:勤(qin)(qin)(qin)巡邏、勤(qin)(qin)(qin)查苗(miao)、勤(qin)(qin)(qin)修堤(di)、勤(qin)(qin)(qin)清(qing)溝、勤(qin)(qin)(qin)除害。目前該合(he)作社(she)擁有投資(zi)社(she)員(yuan)111人(ren),發(fa)展社(she)員(yuan)398戶。
2、苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)放養:目前保護區(qu)(qu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以自(zi)(zi)繁(fan)(fan)自(zi)(zi)育為(wei)主(zhu),劃定親貝繁(fan)(fan)育場,定期進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)螞蜆苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的采集,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)規格(ge)整齊,殼(ke)長(chang)0.5-1cm,大(da)(da)小均(jun)勻(yun),色澤鮮艷,殼(ke)厚(hou)適中,無破損(sun)、健壯(zhuang)、活力強,規格(ge)合格(ge)率≥90%,畸形率和(he)(he)傷殘死亡率≤3%。采苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)底播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)養成。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)季節(jie):由(you)于(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類不(bu)同(tong)(tong),播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)也就有所(suo)差(cha)別。白苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)一般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai) 4—5月(yue)份(fen)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)10—11月(yue)份(fen)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa):播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)分為(wei)干(gan)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)和(he)(he)濕播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。干(gan)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)白苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)(zai)退潮(chao)(chao)后,將蛤(ha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)均(jun)勻(yun)撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)蛤(ha)埋上,防(fang)止成堆(dui)集結。濕播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)中苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)和(he)(he)大(da)(da)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)(zai)潮(chao)(chao)水未退出埕(cheng)面時(shi)(shi)(shi),直接(jie)從船(chuan)上把苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)撒到苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)埕(cheng)的海區(qu)(qu)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應在(zai)(zai)平潮(chao)(chao)或潮(chao)(chao)流緩慢(man)時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),以防(fang)蛤(ha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)流失。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)度:播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)密(mi)度因環境(jing)條件和(he)(he)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)小的不(bu)同(tong)(tong)而(er)有所(suo)差(cha)異。潮(chao)(chao)區(qu)(qu)低(di)的埕(cheng)地,露出時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)短(duan),攝食時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)長(chang),生長(chang)快(kuai),同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)敵害(hai)生物(wu)也多(duo)(duo)(duo),蛤(ha)仔(zi)受害(hai)大(da)(da),可適當多(duo)(duo)(duo)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo);高潮(chao)(chao)區(qu)(qu)由(you)于(yu)(yu)攝食時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)短(duan),生長(chang)慢(man),不(bu)宜多(duo)(duo)(duo)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。一般(ban)(ban)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)密(mi)度白苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)為(wei)3~5千克(ke)/畝(mu),中苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)7~10千克(ke)/畝(mu),大(da)(da)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)12—15千克(ke)/畝(mu)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運輸(shu):用(yong)(yong)竹筐(kuang)、塑料(liao)箱等器(qi)具運輸(shu)。運輸(shu)過程中避免日照、風(feng)吹,保持濕潤(run)。在(zai)(zai)20℃時(shi)(shi)(shi),運輸(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)30h內(nei);在(zai)(zai)16℃時(shi)(shi)(shi),運輸(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)48h以內(nei)。防(fang)災:防(fang)臺風(feng)、洪水、酷熱。除(chu)敵害(hai):藥物(wu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)按NY5071規定執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)。養殖期間(jian)(jian)的管理工作主(zhu)要是修堰、預防(fang)自(zi)(zi)然災害(hai)、清除(chu)敵害(hai)生物(wu)(如海星、螺類、蟹類、蛇鰻(man)、鳥類)等。
3、生產管理(li):就是劃定(ding)適于螞蜆生長(chang)并能自(zi)(zi)然附苗(miao)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu),實施(shi)封(feng)灘育貝。初(chu)期在種苗(miao)稀少的(de)地方先(xian)行移(yi)(yi)播苗(miao)種,在自(zi)(zi)然貝苗(miao)分布不勻的(de)灘面可移(yi)(yi)密補稀,促進生長(chang),達到商品規格(體(ti)長(chang)3厘(li)米以上(shang))后(hou)進行輪(lun)捕(bu)、銷售,以有利于貝苗(miao)的(de)再(zai)附著。 整(zheng)個(ge)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)海域實施(shi)分片承包管理(li),以人(ren)工增殖、護(hu)養(yang)為(wei)主(zhu),實行“輪(lun)捕(bu)輪(lun)放,捕(bu)大留小”的(de)生產和管理(li)模式,制(zhi)定(ding)嚴格的(de)質(zhi)量安全制(zhi)度,完善質(zhi)量保(bao)證體(ti)系,將水質(zhi)監測、教育培訓、技術措施(shi)、檢(jian)查和管理(li)制(zhi)度、產地環境保(bao)護(hu)以及獎(jiang)罰制(zhi)度等匯編成冊(ce),分發到各(ge)個(ge)會員手中,保(bao)證各(ge)項制(zhi)度具有適合性、科學性和可操(cao)作性。
六(liu).包裝標(biao)識相關規定
在(zai)(zai)(zai)保護(hu)區(qu)地域范圍(wei)內的(de)所(suo)有螞蜆(xian)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營者,在(zai)(zai)(zai)產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)(huo)包裝上使(shi)用已(yi)獲登記保護(hu)的(de)螞蜆(xian)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向壽(shou)光市海惠海水(shui)養(yang)殖專(zhuan)業合作(zuo)社提出申(shen)請(qing),并按照相關(guan)要(yao)求規范生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)使(shi)用標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi),標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用人應在(zai)(zai)(zai)其產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)(huo)其外包裝上統一使(shi)用農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(壽(shou)光螞蜆(xian)名稱和(he)農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)圖案組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)注型式)。
1、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang):所用(yong)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料兼(jian)顧堅固(gu)、潔凈、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異(yi)味。所有類型包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)符合(he)GB7718的(de)規定。內包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)采用(yong)清潔無(wu)毒的(de)塑料袋(盒、瓶)、麻(ma)織品(pin)等。 2、標識(shi):標志使用(yong)人應在其產(chan)品(pin)或其包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上統一(yi)使用(yong)農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標志(壽光螞蜆名稱(cheng)和公共標識(shi)圖案組合(he)標注(zhu)型式)。
3、貯存(cun):剛(gang)出水(shui)的(de)螞(ma)蜆體內含有細沙,需(xu)在(zai)(zai)暫(zan)養池中進(jin)行吐(tu)沙處理(li),暫(zan)養池要(yao)求環(huan)境潔凈衛生、陰涼、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異(yi)(yi)味,以(yi)水(shui)泥池為(wei)好,并(bing)配有微管充(chong)氧,暫(zan)養池水(shui)鹽(yan)(yan)度與產地鹽(yan)(yan)度差(cha)別(bie)小于5‰,暫(zan)養8-10小時(shi)即可吐(tu)沙干(gan)凈。 4、運輸(shu)(shu)(shu):運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)工具(ju)清潔、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異(yi)(yi)味,禁(jin)止(zhi)與有毒、有害(hai)(hai)或有腐蝕性(xing)的(de)物品(pin)混運,運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)途(tu)中防止(zhi)日曬雨淋(lin)、蟲害(hai)(hai)、有害(hai)(hai)物質的(de)污染(ran),活(huo)體運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)時(shi)采(cai)用透(tou)氣性(xing)良好的(de)麻袋進(jin)行干(gan)法運輸(shu)(shu)(shu),需(xu)要(yao)保(bao)持濕潤,常溫條(tiao)件下超過(guo)5小時(shi)需(xu)要(yao)冷藏車保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)5℃-10℃低溫運輸(shu)(shu)(shu),具(ju)體根據運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)時(shi)間長(chang)短(duan)適當調(diao)整溫度,裝卸時(shi)要(yao)輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,防止(zhi)機械損害(hai)(hai)。