一.產品介紹
壽(shou)(shou)光文(wen)(wen)蛤以其花紋(wen)清晰、絢麗、肉色白玉(yu)、肉質(zhi)肥滿細膩,富有彈性(xing)、口感(gan)(gan)清脆、口感(gan)(gan)清脆、湯汁濃郁、海鮮味濃郁別(bie)致、殼厚(hou)保水(shui)性(xing)強、耐(nai)存活等諸多(duo)優點,歷來深(shen)受國內外消費者的青睞.壽(shou)(shou)光文(wen)(wen)蛤 山東 壽(shou)(shou)光市(shi)海惠(hui)海水(shui)養殖專業合作社 壽(shou)(shou)光市(shi)營里鎮北部沿(yan)海地區。地理坐標為東經(jing)119°00′00″~119°04′00″,北緯(wei)37°16′00″~37°18′00″。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境(jing)和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、獨特的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)件 壽(shou)光(guang)地處中緯度帶,北瀕渤海萊州(zhou)灣,屬暖溫(wen)帶季(ji)風(feng)區大(da)陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候。受暖冷(leng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流的交替影響,形成了“春季(ji)干旱少(shao)雨,夏季(ji)炎熱多(duo)雨,秋季(ji)爽涼干旱,冬季(ji)干冷(leng)少(shao)雪”的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特點。歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)591.9毫(hao)米,最大(da)年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1286.7毫(hao)米,最小年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)299.5毫(hao)米。年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)總時數平(ping)均為2761.7小時,日(ri)照(zhao)率為49%,光(guang)照(zhao)充足,全年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)12.6℃,受大(da)陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候和海洋(yang)季(ji)風(feng)的雙重影響,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)變(bian)化較(jiao)劇烈,年(nian)(nian)溫(wen)差29.8℃,四季(ji)分明,干濕度變(bian)化非(fei)常明顯。
2、獨(du)(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)條件(jian) 該海區地勢(shi)低平,坡降較(jiao)緩,屬粉砂(sha)(sha)(sha)淤泥型(xing)海岸(an),平均(jun)水深較(jiao)小,由于北(bei)臨黃河,從(cong)而(er)形成(cheng)(cheng)了由細(xi)粉砂(sha)(sha)(sha)和(he)極細(xi)粉砂(sha)(sha)(sha)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)積(ji)海底(di)(di),又在小清河水道與(yu)萊州灣潮(chao)(chao)(chao)流(liu)交叉影響下(xia)形成(cheng)(cheng)了潮(chao)(chao)(chao)流(liu)沙脊,再在潮(chao)(chao)(chao)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用下(xia)形成(cheng)(cheng)了上層以分選的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)泥為主(zhu)(zhu),下(xia)層以流(liu)沙為主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沉積(ji)型(xing)海底(di)(di),故而(er)形成(cheng)(cheng)了上軟(ruan)下(xia)硬的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)底(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)條件(jian),這種(zhong)底(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)表層是由細(xi)粉砂(sha)(sha)(sha)和(he)極細(xi)粉砂(sha)(sha)(sha)構成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)泥,所以又具有(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通透性,這種(zhong)獨(du)(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)構成(cheng)(cheng)特(te)別適合文蛤對底(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu),為文蛤的(de)(de)(de)(de)棲(qi)息繁衍創造了得天獨(du)(du)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然底(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)條件(jian)。
3、 獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件 該海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)彌(mi)河(he)、丹河(he)、旺河(he)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)條(tiao)河(he)流注(zhu)入,附近還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)濰河(he)、白浪河(he)等(deng)(deng)入海(hai)(hai)(hai),北(bei)臨黃河(he)沖積(ji)(ji)平原帶,因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)條(tiao)河(he)流入海(hai)(hai)(hai),帶來了(le)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養鹽和(he)(he)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)肥沃,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)浮(fu)(fu)游生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)衍(yan)(yan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長提供了(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件,餌料(liao)(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)繁(fan)多(duo)(duo),而且(qie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)喜食(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓篩(shai)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、舟形(xing)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)居多(duo)(duo),數(shu)量較(jiao)(jiao)其(qi)它海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)豐富(fu)。據(ju)1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)《羊口(kou)鎮(zhen)志(zhi)》第69頁記(ji)載:“羊角(jiao)溝一(yi)帶海(hai)(hai)(hai)面,PH值7.2-8.3,鹽度(du)(du)(du)18.28-30.33‰,溶解氧4.67-10.81毫克/升,浮(fu)(fu)游植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)193萬個(ge)/立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,浮(fu)(fu)游動物(wu)(wu)(wu)9.9萬個(ge)/立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)漁業資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富(fu),魚(yu)蝦(xia)蟹貝種(zhong)類(lei)繁(fan)多(duo)(duo)”。 附:文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態習性(xing):文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)是埋棲(qi)(qi)型(xing)貝類(lei),多(duo)(duo)分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)平坦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)口(kou)附近沿(yan)(yan)岸(an)內灣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潮(chao)(chao)間(jian)帶,以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細沙(sha)(sha)(sha),泥(ni)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)灘中,靠(kao)斧足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆掘作(zuo)用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)潛沙(sha)(sha)(sha)習性(xing)。棲(qi)(qi)息深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)隨水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)個(ge)體大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)而異,冬季時(shi)2—3cm文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)潛居深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6—8cm,而4—6cm文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)潛居深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)12cm左右。夏(xia)季高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)期(qi),棲(qi)(qi)息在(zai)(zai)不到lcm深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灘涂表(biao)層,冬季水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)低(di),其(qi)棲(qi)(qi)息深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)可達10—20cm。氣(qi)候穩定(ding)溫(wen)(wen)暖(nuan)時(shi)伸(shen)縮其(qi)足作(zuo)活(huo)潑(po)運行;寒冷時(shi)則潛入沙(sha)(sha)(sha)泥(ni)中,潛泥(ni)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)5—25厘米。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廣(guang)(guang)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)半(ban)咸水(shui)(shui)(shui)貝類(lei),對低(di)鹽度(du)(du)(du)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性(xing),其(qi)幼苗(miao)對低(di)密度(du)(du)(du)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性(xing)更強些(xie)(xie)。適宜生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)10—30℃,適應海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)比重(zhong)在(zai)(zai)1.0140—1.0240之間(jian);文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)耐(nai)干燥(zao)能力較(jiao)(jiao)強,耐(nai)干強弱程度(du)(du)(du)與(yu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)及(ji)(ji)個(ge)體大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關,大(da)(da)(da)個(ge)體比小(xiao)個(ge)體文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)耐(nai)陰干能力強。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)是濾(lv)食(shi)(shi)(shi)軟體動物(wu)(wu)(wu),依靠(kao)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)入水(shui)(shui)(shui)管呼吸與(yu)攝食(shi)(shi)(shi)。漲潮(chao)(chao)時(shi),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)將(jiang)(jiang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)入水(shui)(shui)(shui)管伸(shen)出(chu)(chu)(chu)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)面,利用(yong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)鰓小(xiao)孔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會達到呼吸與(yu)攝食(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);退潮(chao)(chao)后,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)才(cai)把水(shui)(shui)(shui)管縮回殼(ke)(ke)內。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)以(yi)(yi)(yi)微小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浮(fu)(fu)游(或底棲(qi)(qi))硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)餌料(liao)(liao),間(jian)或攝食(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)浮(fu)(fu)游植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu),無脊(ji)椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)幼蟲(chong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)碎屑等(deng)(deng)。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)對比該沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊地(di)(di)理環境和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態習性(xing)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看(kan)出(chu)(chu)(chu),壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底質(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)餌料(liao)(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)條(tiao)件特(te)別(bie)適合(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長和(he)(he)繁(fan)育,進而造(zao)(zao)就(jiu)了(le)這(zhe)一(yi)帶文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)資源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豐富(fu)性(xing)和(he)(he)個(ge)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥滿性(xing)和(he)(he)口(kou)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮美(mei)性(xing),誕生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)濾(lv)食(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)”這(zhe)一(yi)優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)品(pin)種(zhong),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)市乃至我(wo)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)經濟貝類(lei)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)錄在(zai)(zai)我(wo)國也是非(fei)常早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),《壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)志(zhi)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)記(ji)載:壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)在(zai)(zai)唐代時(shi)曾為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宮廷海(hai)(hai)(hai)珍貢(gong)品(pin)。自(zi)古以(yi)(yi)(yi)來,不少帝王將(jiang)(jiang)相和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)人墨客吃過(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)之后,留下(xia)了(le)贊美(mei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)味(wei)美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)句。清朝(chao)乾隆皇帝食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)之后,將(jiang)(jiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)御封為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“天下(xia)第一(yi)鮮”。從此,這(zhe)個(ge)雅號就(jiu)一(yi)直流傳至今,聞(wen)名于世。另(ling)(ling)據(ju)1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)《山東史(shi)(shi)志(zhi).水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)志(zhi)》第53頁記(ji)載:“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha) 殼(ke)(ke)略呈三角(jiao)形(xing),殼(ke)(ke)表(biao)鼓起(qi)且(qie)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)滑似(si)漆,布有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)花紋,亦稱花蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)。全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)產(chan)(chan)量較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)。全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)然分(fen)布面積(ji)(ji)約(yue)130萬畝(mu),資源(yuan)(yuan)量約(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3.7萬噸(dun)。其(qi)肉(rou)鮮美(mei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)中上(shang)品(pin)”。另(ling)(ling)據(ju)1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)《壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)縣羊角(jiao)溝鎮(zhen)志(zhi)》第50頁記(ji)載:“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha),屬渤海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域廣(guang)(guang)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)類(lei)。經濟價值很高(gao),是貝類(lei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)之一(yi)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)多(duo)(duo)棲(qi)(qi)息于淡咸水(shui)(shui)(shui)混合(he)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)附近,蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)身半(ban)埋于泥(ni)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)中,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)7至8月間(jian)產(chan)(chan)卵。肉(rou)貝棲(qi)(qi)息于高(gao)潮(chao)(chao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)下(xia)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)中,隨著體積(ji)(ji)增(zeng)大(da)(da)(da),逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)移向低(di)潮(chao)(chao)去。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)左右為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)浮(fu)(fu)游生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)食(shi)(shi)(shi),也濾(lv)食(shi)(shi)(shi)泥(ni)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)。最高(gao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)捕撈量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3276噸(dun)。再(zai)據(ju)1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)《壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)縣農業資源(yuan)(yuan)調查和(he)(he)農業區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃報告.水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)資源(yuan)(yuan)》第7頁記(ji)載壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)一(yi)帶文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布及(ji)(ji)資源(yuan)(yuan)量。從省(sheng)(sheng)縣兩級史(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)記(ji)載可以(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)出(chu)(chu)(chu),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)在(zai)(zai)壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布,資源(yuan)(yuan)量大(da)(da)(da),可捕撈面積(ji)(ji)占全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)22%,蘊藏量占全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)總量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)25%。從以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)各類(lei)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)資料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載可以(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)知,壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上(shang)就(jiu)是文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長繁(fan)衍(yan)(yan)極其(qi)重(zhong)要(yao)場(chang)所。綜合(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)多(duo)(duo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)充分(fen)說明壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)無論(lun)儲藏量、捕撈量、加工量、出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)貿易還是加工工藝、科研等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面都(dou)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)我(wo)省(sheng)(sheng)乃至全(quan)(quan)國都(dou)占有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)導地(di)(di)位,也為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)當(dang)地(di)(di)經濟做出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)極大(da)(da)(da)貢(gong)獻(xian)。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)鮮美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)味(wei)和(he)(he)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養,在(zai)(zai)當(dang)地(di)(di)創造(zao)(zao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)花樣(yang)繁(fan)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烹飪方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法,如: 醬爆文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)、蔥姜韭菜炒文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)菠菜湯、冬瓜(gua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)湯、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)水(shui)(shui)(shui)餃、小(xiao)蔥拌(ban)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)、辣炒文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)拌(ban)菠菜、蒜蓉蒸文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)、苦瓜(gua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)湯等(deng)(deng)廣(guang)(guang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)流行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)美(mei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)名吃,深(shen)受廣(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)(da)民眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喜愛。
三.地域范圍
壽(shou)光文蛤主要分布在山(shan)東省(sheng)壽(shou)光市營里鎮北部沿海海區,地域范(fan)圍:北緯(wei)37°16′——37°18′、東經119°00′——119°04′,總(zong)面積(ji)24000畝,年產(chan)量5000噸左右。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、產品品質(zhi)(zhi)特色:外在(zai)感官特征(zheng):貝殼(ke)略呈三(san)角形(xing),腹緣(yuan)呈圓(yuan)形(xing),殼(ke)質(zhi)(zhi)堅(jian)厚,殼(ke)面(mian)光滑,有(you)如(ru)(ru)釉涂的(de)(de)五彩花紋,絢麗多彩,內殼(ke)潔白(bai)光亮,晶(jing)瑩如(ru)(ru)玉,兩殼(ke)大小相等。內在(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi)指標:文蛤(ha)營養豐富,肉嫩味(wei)鮮(xian),是(shi)(shi)貝類海鮮(xian)中的(de)(de)上品。含有(you)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)10%,脂肪(fang)1.2%,碳水化合2.5%,還含有(you)人體易(yi)吸收的(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)氨基酸和維(wei)生素及(ji)鈣、鉀、鎂、磷、鐵(tie)等多種(zhong)人體必需的(de)(de)礦物質(zhi)(zhi)。食之清(qing)鮮(xian)味(wei)美(mei),是(shi)(shi)壽光久負盛名的(de)(de)風味(wei)特產之一。文蛤(ha)同時具有(you)較高的(de)(de)食療藥(yao)用(yong)價值。《本草綱目》記載,它能治(zhi)“瘡、癤腫(zhong)毒,消積(ji)塊,解酒毒”等病(bing)(bing)。現(xian)代研(yan)究(jiu)又表明,文蛤(ha)有(you)清(qing)熱(re)利濕、化痰、散結的(de)(de)功(gong)效,對(dui)哮喘、慢性氣管炎、甲狀腺腫(zhong)大、淋巴(ba)結核(he)等病(bing)(bing)也有(you)明顯(xian)療效。食用(yong)文蛤(ha),有(you)潤五臟、止消渴,健脾(pi)胃,治(zhi)赤(chi)目,增乳液的(de)(de)功(gong)能。現(xian)代研(yan)究(jiu)發(fa)現(xian),文蛤(ha)組織提取液對(dui)葡萄球菌有(you)較強的(de)(de)抑制(zhi)作用(yong)。
2、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)規(gui)定嚴格(ge)按照以(yi)上“3特(te)定生(sheng)產方(fang)式”中所提到的:產地環境、苗種放養、生(sheng)產管(guan)理中的生(sheng)產要(yao)求之外還要(yao)符合(he)NY5363-2010《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食品海水養殖產地環境條件》、GB18406.4-2001《農產品安全(quan)(quan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)水產品安全(quan)(quan)要(yao)求》、NY5701《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食品漁用藥物使用標(biao)準》中所規(gui)定的各項指標(biao)組(zu)織(zhi)發展生(sheng)產,完善(shan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理細(xi)則,確保壽(shou)光文蛤(ha)的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)。文蛤(ha)全(quan)(quan)身是寶,肉(rou)質(zhi)除(chu)食用外,貝殼可入藥,有“消血(xue)塊,化痰積”之功效,還是畜禽飼料(liao)的重要(yao)補(bu)鈣添加劑和(he)高(gao)檔(dang)工藝品原料(liao),所以(yi)不存在“三廢(fei)”問(wen)題。
五(wu).特定生產(chan)方式
1、產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing):保護(hu)區自(zi)然生態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)優良,沒(mei)有直(zhi)接受工(gong)業“三廢”及(ji)農業、城鎮生活、醫療廢棄物污染的(de)(de)影響。水(shui)質(zhi)肥度(du)(du)適宜,文蛤適口(kou)餌料豐富,透(tou)明度(du)(du)0.3-1.1米左右(you),海(hai)(hai)(hai)況水(shui)質(zhi)符合(he)NY 5052的(de)(de)規定要求(qiu),底質(zhi)具有獨特的(de)(de)微粉沙型軟泥,為文蛤的(de)(de)繁衍生長創造了(le)(le)得天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)自(zi)然環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)。產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)符合(he)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)水(shui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)要求(qiu),該(gai)合(he)作社(she)成員之一的(de)(de)山(shan)東海(hai)(hai)(hai)惠(hui)集團有限公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)文蛤增養殖(zhi)場2006年被山(shan)東省海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋與漁業廳認(ren)定為無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)地(di),這(zhe)(zhe)一帶的(de)(de)文蛤2009年獲農業部(bu)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安全(quan)(quan)中(zhong)心無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證。2009年被農業部(bu)確認(ren)為部(bu)級(ji)水(shui)產(chan)(chan)健康養殖(zhi)示范基(ji)地(di)。為進(jin)一步保護(hu)好這(zhe)(zhe)一地(di)方優質(zhi)資源(yuan),壽光市(shi)政府成立(li)了(le)(le)壽光市(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)惠(hui)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)養殖(zhi)專業合(he)作社(she),以(yi)山(shan)東海(hai)(hai)(hai)惠(hui)集團有限公(gong)司(si)為依托(tuo),以(yi)該(gai)集團貝類養殖(zhi)場為基(ji)地(di),實行“企(qi)業+合(he)作社(she)+基(ji)地(di)”的(de)(de)經(jing)營管(guan)理模式,重點對文蛤實行統(tong)(tong)一苗種供應、統(tong)(tong)一質(zhi)量標準、統(tong)(tong)一產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和產(chan)(chan)地(di)認(ren)證、統(tong)(tong)一技術管(guan)理、統(tong)(tong)一包裝銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)“六統(tong)(tong)一”模式,有效地(di)克服了(le)(le)分散(san)生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營中(zhong)質(zhi)量監管(guan)、安全(quan)(quan)保障難(nan)的(de)(de)問題。目(mu)前該(gai)合(he)作社(she)發展(zhan)會員466人。
2、文(wen)蛤(ha)放養(yang):A場地(di)選(xuan)擇:選(xuan)擇在海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)潮(chao)(chao)流小(潮(chao)(chao)流大(da)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)文(wen)蛤(ha)的(de)(de)大(da)量流失)、沙(sha)灘(tan)連片面積較(jiao)大(da)、沙(sha)粒(li)較(jiao)細(xi)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)鹽度(du)在5%-30%之間的(de)(de)沙(sha)灘(tan)。B苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種放養(yang):目前(qian)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種以(yi)(yi)自(zi)繁自(zi)育(yu)為主(zhu),劃定親(qin)貝繁育(yu)場,以(yi)(yi)攔網與耙灘(tan)相結合的(de)(de)文(wen)蛤(ha)半人工采(cai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)法,將0.5-1.0毫米大(da)小的(de)(de)文(wen)蛤(ha)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)分階段培育(yu)成(cheng)50-70顆/500g適(shi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種。第一(yi)階段將0.5-1.0毫米的(de)(de)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)培育(yu)成(cheng)0.8-1.5厘米的(de)(de)小苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),篩取(qu)后,再均勻分散,培育(yu)成(cheng)3厘米左右(you)的(de)(de)適(shi)用中苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),培育(yu)池灘(tan)面上(shang)(shang)水(shui)深15-30厘米,以(yi)(yi)利(li)底(di)棲(qi)硅藻(zao)能較(jiao)快地(di)繁生,水(shui)位隨水(shui)溫(wen)升高而適(shi)當加高,比重(zhong)保(bao)(bao)持在1.010-1.017。選(xuan)擇殼長3cm左右(you),無(wu)破(po)損(sun)、健壯(zhuang)、活力(li)強的(de)(de)中苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),進行底(di)播養(yang)成(cheng),投苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)要求均勻撒播,切(qie)忌(ji)成(cheng)堆。C養(yang)成(cheng)管理:①定期取(qu)樣測(ce)量:每(mei)隔十(shi)天(tian)測(ce)量及(ji)觀察其生長情況,尤(you)其臺風帶來的(de)(de)大(da)潮(chao)(chao)流會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)文(wen)蛤(ha)局部密(mi)度(du)過大(da)的(de)(de)現(xian)象,應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)疏散放養(yang)。另外,要密(mi)切(qie)關注(zhu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)變化(hua),尤(you)其是(shi)遇(yu)上(shang)(shang)赤潮(chao)(chao)等(deng)人力(li)無(wu)法抵御的(de)(de)災(zai)害影響時(shi),如發現(xian)文(wen)蛤(ha)大(da)量死亡,應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)清(qing)除(chu);如果(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)環(huan)境(jing)繼續惡(e)化(hua),必要時(shi)為減(jian)少損(sun)失,要及(ji)時(shi)起(qi)捕文(wen)蛤(ha)。 ②敵(di)害清(qing)除(chu):必須每(mei)天(tian)檢查圍網,發現(xian)傾倒或破(po)損(sun)要及(ji)時(shi)修(xiu)理,要仔細(xi)檢查網內有沒有蟹等(deng)敵(di)害侵入(ru),一(yi)旦發現(xian),及(ji)時(shi)清(qing)除(chu)。文(wen)蛤(ha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)方(fang)法:運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)前(qian)應(ying)用海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)沖洗(xi)清(qing)除(chu)污泥,揀去雜質和(he)傷殘苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。所用海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)水(shui)質應(ying)符合NY5052的(de)(de)規(gui)定。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)時(shi)一(yi)般采(cai)用干法運(yun)(yun)輸(shu),采(cai)用保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)車、保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)船等(deng)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu),溫(wen)度(du)在15℃以(yi)(yi)下(xia),運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)18h以(yi)(yi)內,用海(hai)(hai)(hai)苔草或海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)潤濕的(de)(de)毛巾將苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)分層放置,防止苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種擠(ji)壓或浸(jin)泡在水(shui)中。應(ying)經常(chang)噴灑海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui),保(bao)(bao)持濕潤。注(zhu)意通風,防止苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種窒息死亡。途中避免風吹、日曬(shai)、雨淋。
3、生(sheng)產管理(li):整個保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區海域(yu)實施分片承包(bao)管理(li),以人工增殖、護(hu)(hu)養為(wei)主,實行(xing)“輪(lun)捕輪(lun)放(fang),捕大(da)留小”的(de)生(sheng)產和(he)管理(li)模式,制(zhi)(zhi)定嚴格的(de)質量安全制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),完善質量保(bao)證體(ti)系(xi),將水質監測、教育培訓、技(ji)術措(cuo)施、檢查和(he)管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、產地環境保(bao)護(hu)(hu)以及獎罰制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)等匯編(bian)成(cheng)冊,分發(fa)到各個會員手中,保(bao)證各項制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)具有適合性、科學(xue)性和(he)可操作性。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
在保護區地(di)域范(fan)圍內的(de)所(suo)有文蛤生(sheng)產(chan)經營者,在產(chan)品或包裝上(shang)使用已獲登記保護的(de)壽(shou)光文蛤地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志,須向壽(shou)光市(shi)海惠海水養(yang)殖專業(ye)合作社提(ti)出申請,并按照相關(guan)要(yao)求規范(fan)生(sheng)產(chan)和使用標(biao)(biao)志,標(biao)(biao)志使用人應(ying)在其產(chan)品或其外包裝上(shang)統一使用水產(chan)品地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(壽(shou)光文蛤名稱和農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)(biao)注型式(shi))。
1、包(bao)(bao)裝:所用(yong)包(bao)(bao)裝材料(liao)兼顧堅(jian)固、潔凈(jing)、無毒、無異味。所有類型包(bao)(bao)裝符合GB7718的(de)規(gui)定。內包(bao)(bao)裝采用(yong)清潔無毒的(de)塑料(liao)袋(盒、瓶(ping))、麻織品(pin)(pin)等。 2、包(bao)(bao)裝標(biao)識:產品(pin)(pin)外(wai)包(bao)(bao)裝上(shang)標(biao)明產品(pin)(pin)名稱、產品(pin)(pin)等級、商標(biao)、條形碼(ma)、食用(yong)方(fang)法、貯存(cun)指南、單位名稱、單位地址、產品(pin)(pin)標(biao)準標(biao)號(hao)、生產日(ri)期(qi)(批號(hao))、數量、毛重(kg)、聯(lian)系(xi)電話(hua)等。
3、貯存(cun):貯存(cun)環境(jing)潔凈衛生(sheng)、陰涼、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異味、有(you)防鼠防蟲設備的倉庫內,遠離有(you)毒有(you)害并防治其他(ta)損(sun)害。
4、運輸(shu)(shu):運輸(shu)(shu)工具清潔、無(wu)毒(du)、無(wu)異味,禁(jin)止(zhi)與有毒(du)、有害(hai)或有腐蝕性(xing)的物品混(hun)運,運輸(shu)(shu)途中防止(zhi)日曬(shai)雨(yu)淋、蟲害(hai)、有害(hai)物質的污染,活體運輸(shu)(shu)時采用透氣性(xing)良好的麻袋進(jin)行干法運輸(shu)(shu),需要(yao)保持(chi)濕潤,常溫條件(jian)下超過5小時需要(yao)冷藏車保持(chi)在5℃-10℃低溫運輸(shu)(shu),裝(zhuang)卸(xie)時要(yao)輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,防止(zhi)機械損害(hai)。