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基本介紹

蘇(su)州古(gu)城(cheng)內(nei)南顯(xian)子巷的安徽會(hui)館(guan)，建于清同治四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1865-1867)，屬于惠蔭(yin)(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)分，為(wei)(wei)(wei)江蘇(su)省文物保護單(dan)位。該處在(zai)明代嘉(jia)靖(jing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)歸(gui)(gui)湛初(chu)宅(zhai)園(yuan)(yuan)，由(you)(you)(you)周秉忠布畫(hua)，建有臺榭池石及水假山(shan)。后屬胡汝(ru)淳，名(ming)“洽隱(yin)山(shan)房”，后荒(huang)廢。清順治六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)韓(han)馨入城(cheng)購歸(gui)(gui)氏廢園(yuan)(yuan)，修為(wei)(wei)(wei)棲隱(yin)地，名(ming)“洽隱(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)”。康熙四(si)(si)十六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)毀(hui)于火，惟存東南半壁奇(qi)峰秀石。乾隆(long)十六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重(zhong)葺二楹于占石洞口，由(you)(you)(you)蔣蟠(pan)漪篆(zhuan)書“小林(lin)屋”字額。后歸(gui)(gui)皖(wan)人(ren)倪蓮舫知府，修建后易名(ming)“皖(wan)山(shan)別墅”。咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，傳說(shuo)太(tai)平天(tian)國聽(ting)王(wang)陳炳文曾(ceng)居此(ci)(ci)。潘鐘瑞《蘇(su)臺麋鹿記》載：“南北顯(xian)子巷合而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)聽(ting)王(wang)府，包人(ren)洽隱(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)，巷道中截。”按太(tai)平天(tian)國王(wang)、將占富室巨宅(zhai)臨時駐扎(zha)，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“打館(guan)”，潘所(suo)(suo)稱王(wang)府實際(ji)上是(shi)打館(guan)性質(zhi)，聽(ting)王(wang)在(zai)蘇(su)僅是(shi)短(duan)暫駐扎(zha)，該處應稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)聽(ting)王(wang)陳炳文所(suo)(suo)打之館(guan)。范圍內(nei)南顯(xian)子巷6號(hao)韓(han)宅(zhai)、7號(hao)周宅(zhai)，北顯(xian)子巷4號(hao)陳宅(zhai)、6號(hao)、11號(hao)江宅(zhai)也都(dou)是(shi)有磚刻門(men)樓的大宅(zhai)，亦應被(bei)聽(ting)王(wang)部(bu)隊臨時駐扎(zha)所(suo)(suo)用。安徽旅蘇(su)同鄉會(hui)設(she)于此(ci)(ci)。在(zai)此(ci)(ci)曾(ceng)設(she)閱報社，一度改為(wei)(wei)(wei)游(you)藝場(chang)，游(you)客眾多，2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月18日(ri)《姑蘇(su)晚報》刊登(deng)了“七十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前的一幀(zhen)老照片——惠蔭(yin)(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)秋(qiu)禊(xi)圖”。張榮培有《重(zhong)游(you)皖(wan)山(shan)別墅》詩(shi)曰：“不(bu)到游(you)蹤二十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，墜歡重(zhong)拾渺如煙。樓臺繚曲還依舊(jiu)，花木凋零(ling)卻遜前。試(shi)剔(ti)苔痕摹古(gu)篆(zhuan)，且邀(yao)茶話論(lun)新(xin)泉。此(ci)(ci)中雅(ya)有天(tian)臺勝，笑我劉郎(lang)骨(gu)未仙。”1940年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)張建初(chu)在(zai)此(ci)(ci)創(chuang)辦私立育英女子初(chu)中，1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)停辦。抗(kang)戰(zhan)勝利后，東部(bu)散(san)為(wei)(wei)(wei)民居，西部(bu)一度由(you)(you)(you)女俠施劍翹創(chuang)辦從云(yun)小學(xue)，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)地下黨活動的主要場(chang)所(suo)(suo)。

“安徽會館”磚(zhuan)細門(men)(men)(men)樓在小巷(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)深處(chu)，門(men)(men)(men)樓前有(you)(you)新建(jian)的(de)(de)鐵欄護(hu)欄包(bao)圍護(hu)衛(wei)。左右有(you)(you)石庫門(men)(men)(men)各(ge)一，門(men)(men)(men)上包(bao)鉛皮釘釘有(you)(you)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)及虛空大字(zi)(zi)，連同西側(ce)的(de)(de)“皖(wan)山別墅”大門(men)(men)(men)，從東向西依次為(wei)(wei)“福(fu)”、“祿”、“壽”三字(zi)(zi)。“福(fu)”字(zi)(zi)門(men)(men)(men)上有(you)(you)磚(zhuan)飾(shi)門(men)(men)(men)額“憩棠”、“祿”字(zi)(zi)門(men)(men)(men)上有(you)(you)磚(zhuan)飾(shi)門(men)(men)(men)額“敬梓”。原安徽會館門(men)(men)(men)前照(zhao)(zhao)墻(qiang)(qiang)處(chu)及程(cheng)公祠前照(zhao)(zhao)墻(qiang)(qiang)現(xian)為(wei)(wei)幾(ji)家民居，昭忠祠大門(men)(men)(men)現(xian)為(wei)(wei)一初(chu)中(zhong)校(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)，對而照(zhao)(zhao)墻(qiang)(qiang)曾為(wei)(wei)籃球(qiu)場，現(xian)為(wei)(wei)學校(xiao)照(zhao)(zhao)墻(qiang)(qiang)，書(shu)4個(ge)一米見方大字(zi)(zi)“惠蔭書(shu)苑”。現(xian)在一初(chu)中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)顯子巷(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)18號。東面(mian)齊迎曉(xiao)里，南(nan)(nan)面(mian)是南(nan)(nan)顯子巷(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)朝南(nan)(nan)一排幾(ji)個(ge)門(men)(men)(men)面(mian)，原巷(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對面(mian)的(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)墻(qiang)(qiang)處(chu)現(xian)已建(jian)有(you)(you)民居，西面(mian)臨民宅，北面(mian)至懸橋巷(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)沿河線。

從門(men)(men)(men)廳進(jin)去，便(bian)是一(yi)(yi)天井，左右(you)有(you)(you)月洞(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)通行(xing)，利用(yong)(yong)月洞(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)兩面都(dou)(dou)有(you)(you)磚額，如“泛舟”、“學(xue)海”、“博(bo)學(xue)”、“篤(du)行(xing)”等，前面第二進(jin)、第三進(jin)便(bian)是原(yuan)昭忠祠(ci)，現為(wei)學(xue)校(xiao)圖(tu)書閱覽室。右(you)面進(jin)月洞(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)，是原(yuan)程公(gong)祠(ci)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)，南面第一(yi)(yi)進(jin)原(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)廳現為(wei)總務處后勤辦公(gong)室，朝(chao)南沿街開一(yi)(yi)排(pai)窗(chuang)；向(xiang)北一(yi)(yi)廳室為(wei)第二進(jin)，墻內東(dong)壁間還嵌有(you)(you)當年建祠(ci)時的(de)(de)(de)碑刻(ke)一(yi)(yi)方。第三進(jin)原(yuan)祠(ci)堂(tang)工作人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)辦公(gong)室及(ji)東(dong)側包公(gong)殿，現已改建為(wei)編號①的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)幢四(si)層(ceng)16只教(jiao)室的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)樓。第四(si)進(jin)保(bao)(bao)存著原(yuan)享堂(tang)大殿，高敞宏偉，為(wei)蘇城(cheng)保(bao)(bao)存不多的(de)(de)(de)清代祠(ci)堂(tang)享堂(tang)。內有(you)(you)粗(cu)大的(de)(de)(de)楠(nan)木庭柱(zhu)，上(shang)面雕粱畫棟，棟梁上(shang)有(you)(you)彩繪人(ren)物(wu)、花卉圖(tu)案，都(dou)(dou)是清代始建原(yuan)物(wu)，有(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史和藝(yi)術保(bao)(bao)護價值。穿過(guo)程公(gong)祠(ci)向(xiang)東(dong)，為(wei)原(yuan)安徽會(hui)館部(bu)(bu)分(fen)，第一(yi)(yi)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)廳現為(wei)校(xiao)史陳列室，作保(bao)(bao)護性使用(yong)(yong)。存有(you)(you)“賓(bin)至如歸”磚細門(men)(men)(men)樓。

2006年，安徽會館(guan)作為(wei)惠蔭園的一部分列(lie)入江蘇省(sheng)文物保護單位。

歷史沿革

當時(shi)內部(bu)(bu)安(an)徽(hui)會(hui)館(guan)、程公(gong)祠等的設置位(wei)置是：最(zui)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)是安(an)徽(hui)會(hui)館(guan)，南(nan)顯子巷18號，門面朝南(nan)，對(dui)面照(zhao)墻(qiang)一座(zuo)，磚刻(ke)門樓(lou)(lou)大(da)(da)門三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，依次為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)門房(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)賬房(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)配房(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)享(xiang)堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，花廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)照(zhao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。享(xiang)堂(tang)俗稱(cheng)包(bao)(bao)公(gong)殿，正(zheng)中神龕里并列供奉著兩座(zuo)神位(wei)，杏黃色神幔中一位(wei)是大(da)(da)宋龍圖閣直(zhi)學(xue)士(shi)包(bao)(bao)孝肅公(gong)之神位(wei)，即包(bao)(bao)青(qing)天包(bao)(bao)拯，安(an)徽(hui)合肥人(ren)(ren)，當時(shi)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“關節不(bu)到，有(you)閻羅老包(bao)(bao)”；一位(wei)是先(xian)賢(xian)朱文(wen)公(gong)，即朱嘉，徽(hui)州婺源(yuan)人(ren)(ren)，集理學(xue)之大(da)(da)成者(zhe)，有(you)《朱文(wen)公(gong)集》、《朱子語類》等。享(xiang)堂(tang)后(hou)面隙地(di)即惠蔭園，為(wei)(wei)會(hui)館(guan)之后(hou)花園。東(dong)(dong)左日(ri)(ri)“樾蔭堂(tang)”，設有(you)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)邊耳房(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)四(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)十問(wen)(wen)，東(dong)(dong)披廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)四(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，又后(hou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)十間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，前川堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)問(wen)(wen)，邊房(fang)(fang)(fang)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。西(xi)右(you)日(ri)(ri)“經(jing)商(shang)公(gong)所”設正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)照(zhao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，小客(ke)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)問(wen)(wen)，轎(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，大(da)(da)門三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，門上(shang)(shang)(shang)額“皖山別(bie)墅”，對(dui)面照(zhao)墻(qiang)一座(zuo)。經(jing)商(shang)公(gong)所之西(xi)為(wei)(wei)程公(gong)祠，照(zhao)墻(qiang)一座(zuo)，大(da)(da)門三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。再西(xi)面為(wei)(wei)淮軍昭忠祠，照(zhao)墻(qiang)一座(zuo)，大(da)(da)門三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)問(wen)(wen)，東(dong)(dong)官(guan)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)四(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)官(guan)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)四(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。昭忠祠后(hou)為(wei)(wei)王公(gong)祠，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)照(zhao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。這幾處內部(bu)(bu)都有(you)門洞通行，并有(you)回(hui)廊(lang)相(xiang)連，整個安(an)徽(hui)會(hui)館(guan)內部(bu)(bu)實(shi)為(wei)(wei)一大(da)(da)院(yuan)，下(xia)雨天行走可(ke)以不(bu)濕鞋(xie)。當時(shi)有(you)袁學(xue)瀾詩稱(cheng)：“層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)不(bu)隔遠(yuan)山青(qing)，往事閑尋(xun)滿草庭。三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)友名高爭(zheng)綺(qi)角，半州豪去散譚邢(xing)。壺(hu)觴時(shi)集濃春賞(shang)，花石猶余戰血腥。無限沙蟲沉浩劫，～庵香(xiang)火奉神靈(ling)。”實(shi)有(you)房(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)百余間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)花園有(you)后(hou)門，直(zhi)通懸橋巷河沿，有(you)橋通行至對(dui)面還有(you)一處下(xia)人(ren)(ren)住(zhu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)。

其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、經商(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所、程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祠(ci)、淮軍昭忠(zhong)祠(ci)，都是(shi)(shi)圍繞安(an)徽(hui)(hui)籍主(zhu)(zhu)題的建置，而安(an)徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)心。經商(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所，以“速(su)招徠，節費用，宦商(shang)聯為(wei)一體．會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期以持久”，只是(shi)(shi)為(wei)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)日(ri)常添置、維修(xiu)開(kai)支(zhi)提(ti)供(gong)經濟來源(yuan)。在(zai)《呈送光緒兀(wu)年(nian)報銷并(bing)請(qing)於(wu)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)兼立經商(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所稟》中(zhong)(zhong)曾稱：“花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)現(xian)已落成，該道等(deng)擬照滄浪亭、獅(shi)子(zi)林之(zhi)(zhi)例，將園(yuan)(yuan)門常開(kai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禁(jin)游(you)人(ren)，庶免久閑易致損壞，兼助歲修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)資。”這樣看(kan)來早(zao)在(zai)光緒初那里(li)已不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禁(jin)游(you)人(ren)對(dui)外開(kai)放(fang)(fang)了。辛司堂本(ben)是(shi)(shi)供(gong)奉肅(su)(su)穆之(zhi)(zhi)地。《新建安(an)徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)記(ji)》說(shuo)：“包孝肅(su)(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產皖(wan)北，朱子(zi)出(chu)皖(wan)南，鄉(xiang)人(ren)舊奉祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)，遂于(yu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)堂并(bing)為(wei)兩公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)神主(zhu)(zhu)。”“即使鄉(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)宦者、商(shang)者、客游(you)者有(you)群萃之(zhi)(zhi)地，又(you)(you)足(zu)供(gong)其(qi)循歷娛(yu)覽。”這才(cai)是(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)以敦睦其(qi)鄉(xiang)黨，崇祀(si)其(qi)鄉(xiang)先生，聯系(xi)鄉(xiang)人(ren)提(ti)供(gong)方便之(zhi)(zhi)處。在(zai)程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祠(ci)暨(ji)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)章(zhang)程(cheng)(cheng)規條(tiao)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)：“祠(ci)內(nei)房(fang)屋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準(zhun)借作公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所，以防糟蹋。”“祠(ci)內(nei)旁(pang)房(fang)準(zhun)皖(wan)省官(guan)紳往來寄寓，須(xu)報姓名鄉(xiang)貫(guan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準(zhun)多帶閑人(ren)，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準(zhun)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家眷，一切食用均須(xu)自備(bei)。…‘會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)房(fang)屋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)F二百間盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)居住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，其(qi)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)亭臺樓閣原系(xi)宴(yan)會(hui)(hui)雅集之(zhi)(zhi)所，凡在(zai)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)居住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者，無論上(shang)下人(ren)等(deng)均于(yu)園(yuan)(yuan)外居住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，以中(zhong)(zhong)間弄堂為(wei)界，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)于(yu)園(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)下榻，至園(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)各種花(hua)木開(kai)放(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)時，各宜隨時愛護(hu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)任意攀折。”安(an)徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的管理是(shi)(shi)比較嚴格的，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同于(yu)其(qi)他的會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。安(an)徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)利用，在(zai)利用中(zhong)(zhong)保護(hu)的，這樣的措施(shi)值得(de)后人(ren)借鑒。