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景點概況

原名范文(wen)穆(mu)公祠(ci)，位于市郊(jiao)石湖行(xing)春橋畔茶磨嶼下(xia)，1963年被(bei)列為蘇州市文(wen)物保護單位。

歷史人物

范(fan)(fan)成大(da)(da)（1126-1193），字致能(neng)，號石(shi)(shi)湖居士(shi)。漢(han)族，平江吳(wu)(wu)郡（郡治在今江蘇吳(wu)(wu)縣）人(ren)。南宋(song)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)。他陸游、楊萬里、尤袤合(he)稱"中興四(si)大(da)(da)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)"。官至參知政(zheng)(zheng)事、資政(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)大(da)(da)學士(shi)。曾奉命(ming)出使(shi)金(jin)邦，堅強不(bu)屈(qu)，不(bu)辱使(shi)命(ming)，幾(ji)乎被殺(sha)。使(shi)金(jin)途(tu)中所作行詩(shi)(shi)，表達了渴望國(guo)家統(tong)一(yi)的(de)強烈愛國(guo)主義(yi)思想。石(shi)(shi)湖是(shi)范(fan)(fan)大(da)(da)成歸隱之地(di)，依隨地(di)勢高下(xia)，建造亭(ting)臺樓榭，遍栽花木，有(you)千(qian)巖觀、天(tian)鏡閣、盟(meng)鷗亭(ting)、玉雪坡、農圃堂(tang)諸勝(sheng)。宋(song)孝(xiao)宗題"石(shi)(shi)湖"二(er)字賜之，遂有(you)石(shi)(shi)湖別墅(shu)之稱。別墅(shu)因人(ren)而名(ming)盛(sheng)，與湖山風光相得益彰，為(wei)時人(ren)所傾倒，競(jing)相賦詩(shi)(shi)作文，成為(wei)一(yi)時盛(sheng)事。淳熙十三年(nian)（1186年(nian)），范(fan)(fan)成大(da)(da)在石(shi)(shi)湖所作《四(si)時田園雜興六十首》，是(shi)他一(yi)生(sheng)田園詩(shi)(shi)的(de)代表作。著(zhu)有(you)《石(shi)(shi)湖集》一(yi)百三十六卷及《驂鸞錄》、《吳(wu)(wu)船錄》、《桂海虞衡(heng)志》、《吳(wu)(wu)郡志》等。

藝術造詣

范(fan)成(cheng)大的(de)石湖別(bie)墅歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)久遠，早(zao)已(yi)湮沒。明正德十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1520年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），御史盧雍于(yu)石湖茶磨山(shan)北(bei)、行春橋(qiao)南建范(fan)文穆(mu)公(gong)祠，以紀念范(fan)成(cheng)大。次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，將(jiang)范(fan)成(cheng)大手書《四時田園雜興六十首》摹刻石碑，嵌(qian)于(yu)祠壁(bi)。萬(wan)歷四十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1612年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）參議范(fan)允臨(lin)重建。崇禎十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1639年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）巡撫張國維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)。清乾隆(long)間(jian)宮(gong)廷畫家、蘇州(zhou)人徐(xu)楊所(suo)作《盛世滋長圖》中(zhong)，繪(hui)有(you)(you)祠宇(yu)(yu)全(quan)貌，依(yi)山(shan)臨(lin)湖，規(gui)模(mo)頗宏(hong)。嘉慶三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1798年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）范(fan)來宗有(you)(you)修(xiu)(xiu)。同治年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)重修(xiu)(xiu)。1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)根源先(xian)生前往(wang)訪古(gu)時，尚有(you)(you)祠宇(yu)(yu)三(san)進，享(xiang)堂正中(zhong)供有(you)(you)范(fan)文穆(mu)公(gong)神主。伺候年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)久失修(xiu)(xiu)，日(ri)漸傾圮。從(cong)1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起(qi)，開始全(quan)面(mian)整修(xiu)(xiu)祠宇(yu)(yu)，并將(jiang)西南側海潮(chao)寺劃入，1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)竣工開放，成(cheng)為石湖風(feng)景區(qu)的(de)主要(yao)景點之一。

修復一新的范(fan)成大祠(ci)背(bei)山(shan)面湖，東向，有(you)祠(ci)門、享堂(tang)兩進，左右(you)以廊相連，中(zhong)為庭院(yuan)。祠(ci)門額"范(fan)文穆公祠(ci)"，面闊三間，硬山(shan)頂(ding)。享堂(tang)面闊三間16米(mi)，進深8米(mi)，硬山(shan)頂(ding)。堂(tang)內懸"壽櫟堂(tang)"匾，有(you)范(fan)成大塑像。左右(you)壁間嵌(qian)明代石刻(ke)田園詩(shi)(shi)碑七方，詩(shi)(shi)、書、刻(ke)俱佳，堪稱珍(zhen)品。