詳細介紹
該宅(zhai)為清(qing)乾(qian)隆年間(jian)(jian)徽商(shang)潘麟兆所建,南臨衛道觀前(qian)(qian),北至混堂巷(xiang),占(zhan)地7500平(ping)方米(mi)(mi),坐北朝南,可分五(wu)路六進(jin),規(gui)模龐大(da),屋宇高(gao)峻,裝修精致,是清(qing)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)期(qi)蘇州富商(shang)第(di)宅(zhai)的(de)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)性建筑(zhu),現狀基本完整。正路偏西,依次(ci)為門廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)及三進(jin)樓(lou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)。大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)額“禮耕堂”,硬山造,面闊五(wu)間(jian)(jian)17米(mi)(mi),進(jin)深13.7米(mi)(mi)。扁(bian)作梁(liang)結構(gou),前(qian)(qian)廊施(shi)一支香軒(xuan),廳(ting)(ting)(ting)內置前(qian)(qian)后(hou)船(chuan)篷軒(xuan),中(zhong)為四(si)界(jie)大(da)梁(liang),前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)挑(tiao)檁(lin)頭雕水浪龍頭鯉魚,內挑(tiao)雕靈(ling)芝(zhi)梁(liang)墊。花(hua)崗巖臺(tai)基高(gao)55厘(li)米(mi)(mi),明間(jian)(jian)設踏步(bu)三級。廳(ting)(ting)(ting)內左右梢間(jian)(jian)原(yuan)隔有矮墻半(ban)欄(lan),喜慶祝壽時,大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)權(quan)作戲臺(tai),男賓在廳(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)觀賞,半(ban)欄(lan)外專供(gong)女賓看戲聽曲。該廳(ting)(ting)(ting)結構(gou)規(gui)整,用材(cai)壯碩,制作精細,為清(qing)乾(qian)隆后(hou)期(qi)具(ju)有代(dai)(dai)表(biao)性的(de)作品。后(hou)堂樓(lou)為五(wu)開間(jian)(jian)兩(liang)廂(xiang)樓(lou),重檐(yan)式,樓(lou)下前(qian)(qian)施(shi)鶴脛軒(xuan)、船(chuan)篷軒(xuan),梁(liang)墊雕花(hua)卉。東(dong)邊路前(qian)(qian)部為鴛(yuan)鴦(yang)廳(ting)(ting)(ting),梁(liang)架前(qian)(qian)為圓作,后(hou)為扁(bian)作。前(qian)(qian)院(yuan)有白皮(pi)松、紫薇等名木古(gu)樹,原(yuan)有假(jia)山被拆,僅存零星湖石。
大廳原有"禮(li)耕(geng)堂"匾額,系(xi)硬山造(zao),面闊五間17米,進深13.7米,臺基為花崗石(shi)鎖(suo)口(kou)石(shi)加(jia)側塘(tang)石(shi),高55厘米,鎖(suo)
口(kou)石(shi)厚達26厘(li)米(mi)。明(ming)間設(she)置踏(ta)步三級(ji),制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)精細(xi)(xi),平整(zheng)光滑。扁作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)梁(liang)(liang)架構(gou),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)廊設(she)一(yi)枝香(xiang)(xiang)軒,廳內置前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)船(chuan)篷(peng)軒,中(zhong)為四(si)界大梁(liang)(liang)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)檐挑檁頭雕(diao)(diao)(diao)水(shui)浪龍頭鯉魚(yu),內挑雕(diao)(diao)(diao)靈芝(zhi)梁(liang)(liang)墊,原廳內左右(you)稍間隔有(you)(you)(you)矮(ai)墻半欄,喜慶祝壽(shou)時,大廳權作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戲臺,男賓在廳中(zhong)觀(guan)賞,半欄外供女賓看(kan)戲聽曲。綜觀(guan)該(gai)大廳,結構(gou)規整(zheng),用(yong)(yong)材粗(cu)壯,制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)精細(xi)(xi),為清乾隆時期具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)代表性的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品。后(hou)堂(tang)為五間兩(liang)廂樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),重(zhong)(zhong)檐式(shi)(shi)(shi),樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)構(gou)鶴(he)脛軒、船(chuan)篷(peng)軒、梁(liang)(liang)墊雕(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)(you)各(ge)種花(hua)卉(hui),保(bao)存(cun)完整(zheng)。東路(lu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)部(bu)為鴛鴦廳,梁(liang)(liang)架前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)圓(yuan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)后(hou)扁作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。廳前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)庭院中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)白皮松(song)、紫薇等(deng)古(gu)樹名(ming)木,原有(you)(you)(you)假山(shan)已被拆走(zou),僅存(cun)零星湖石(shi)。全宅(zhai)共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)八座(zuo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),現(xian)中(zhong)路(lu)轎廳、大廳、堂(tang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)各(ge)一(yi)座(zuo)保(bao)存(cun)最為完好,刻有(you)(you)(you)乾隆五十二(er)年款。每(mei)座(zuo)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)各(ge)具(ju)特色。轎廳前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)寬(kuan)(kuan)3.25米(mi),硬山(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi),山(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)博風(feng),脊(ji)(ji)吻為外開(kai)口(kou)龍頭。飛椽微(wei)有(you)(you)(you)卷剎,檐下(xia)立雕(diao)(diao)(diao)蓮(lian)花(hua)式(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)斗(dou)三升斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),上(shang)(shang)枋(fang)素平。枋(fang)下(xia)飾葵式(shi)(shi)(shi)亂紋嵌花(hua)結掛(gua)落(luo)。字(zi)(zi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)題刻"居德斯頤"四(si)字(zi)(zi),以蝙(bian)蝠、荷葉鑲(xiang)邊。門(men)(men)楣上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)枋(fang)"一(yi)塊玉",雕(diao)(diao)(diao)鎖(suo)形兩(liang)邊各(ge)穿一(yi)圓(yuan)孔花(hua)錢。整(zheng)體造型(xing)繁簡分明(ming),雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻精良。轎廳背(bei)后(hou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)對禮耕堂(tang)的(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)為歇山(shan)頂,三落(luo)水(shui),翼角(jiao)起(qi)(qi)翹,面(mian)(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)(kuan)3.35米(mi)。斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)六朵,出華(hua)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三跳,兩(liang)側(ce)加楓拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。上(shang)(shang)枋(fang)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)纏枝牡丹三方,垂柱(zhu)飾曲尺回(hui)紋,立雕(diao)(diao)(diao)靈芝(zhi)吊籃。字(zi)(zi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)題刻"秉(bing)經(jing)酌雅"四(si)字(zi)(zi),左右(you)兜(dou)肚(du)起(qi)(qi)凸線香(xiang)(xiang)熏圖雕(diao)(diao)(diao)飾,周飾回(hui)紋邊。鑲(xiang)邊鏤空(kong)立雕(diao)(diao)(diao)各(ge)式(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)草紋,平座(zuo)置回(hui)紋勾欄,下(xia)飾回(hui)紋鑲(xiang)花(hua)結掛(gua)落(luo)。垛頭素平,勒腳為須彌座(zuo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。安清水(shui)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)貼面(mian)(mian)(mian)庫門(men)(men)。整(zheng)體造型(xing)美觀(guan),上(shang)(shang)部(bu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻華(hua)麗,下(xia)部(bu)穩重(zhong)(zhong)簡潔,目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)保(bao)存(cun)完好。第四(si)進堂(tang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻最為精致(zhi),硬山(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi),山(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)做磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)細(xi)(xi)博風(feng)。門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)寬(kuan)(kuan)3.33米(mi),字(zi)(zi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)被粉刷,有(you)(you)(you)待清理(li)。檐下(xia)飾回(hui)紋。斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兩(liang)跳,楓拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鏤雕(diao)(diao)(diao)各(ge)式(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)草。該(gai)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)整(zheng)體采用(yong)(yong)立體鏤雕(diao)(diao)(diao)工(gong)藝,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)飾突出底面(mian)(mian)(mian)。上(shang)(shang)枋(fang)、下(xia)枋(fang)、兜(dou)肚(du)、垂柱(zhu)及兩(liang)側(ce)山(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian),滿雕(diao)(diao)(diao)四(si)季花(hua)卉(hui),中(zhong)央以牡丹為主(zhu),兩(liang)邊飾有(you)(you)(you)梅、蘭、竹、菊、桂、桃(tao)花(hua)、雞(ji)冠花(hua)、石(shi)榴、靈芝(zhi)、佛手、壽(shou)桃(tao),集名(ming)花(hua)仙果(guo)于一(yi)處,千姿百態(tai),古(gu)色古(gu)香(xiang)(xiang)。最引人注目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi),左右(you)垂柱(zhu)定盤枋(fang)各(ge)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)飾一(yi)只蟾蜍,神態(tai)畢具(ju),栩栩如生。門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)脊(ji)(ji)頭鏤雕(diao)(diao)(diao)蝙(bian)蝠流(liu)云和飛龍流(liu)云,凸出于白墻間,飄然欲動。潘宅(zhai)中(zhong)路(lu)保(bao)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)這三座(zuo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),各(ge)具(ju)特色,構(gou)圖嚴謹,制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)精細(xi)(xi),雕(diao)(diao)(diao)鏤工(gong)巧,充分體現(xian)蘇州傳統手工(gong)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)高超技藝,堪稱清代磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)上(shang)(shang)品,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史和藝術價值。