一.產品介紹
大(da)米(mi)(Rice),是稻(dao)谷經清(qing)理、礱谷、碾米(mi)、成品整理等工序后制成的(de)成品。 稻(dao)谷的(de)胚與糊(hu)粉(fen)層中(zhong)含有近(jin)64%的(de)稻(dao)米(mi)營養和90%以上的(de)人(ren)體所須的(de)營養元素,是南方人(ren)民(min)的(de)主要(yao)食品。
大米的功效
1.嬰兒(er)輔助(zhu)飲食
有(you)益于嬰兒的(de)發育和(he)健康,能刺激胃液(ye)的(de)分泌,有(you)助于消(xiao)化(hua),并對脂肪(fang)的(de)吸收有(you)促(cu)進作用,亦能促(cu)使奶粉(fen)中的(de)酪蛋(dan)白形成疏(shu)松而又柔軟的(de)小凝(ning)塊,使之容易(yi)消(xiao)化(hua)吸收。
2.補充營養素的基礎食物(wu)
米粥具有補脾、和胃(wei)、清肺功效。
營養價值
大米(mi)中含(han)碳水化(hua)合物(wu)75%左右,蛋(dan)白(bai)質7%-8%,脂肪1.3%-1. 8%,并(bing)含(han)有豐富的B族(zu)維生素等(deng)。大米(mi)中的碳水化(hua)合物(wu)主(zhu)要是(shi)淀粉,所含(han)的蛋(dan)白(bai)質主(zhu)要是(shi)米(mi)谷(gu)蛋(dan)白(bai),其(qi)(qi)次(ci)是(shi)米(mi)膠蛋(dan)白(bai)和球(qiu)蛋(dan)白(bai),其(qi)(qi)蛋(dan)白(bai)質的生物(wu)價(jia)和氨基(ji)酸的構(gou)成比例(li)都比小(xiao)麥(mai)、大麥(mai)、小(xiao)米(mi)、玉米(mi)等(deng)禾谷(gu)類(lei)作物(wu)高,消化(hua)率(lv)66.8%-83.1%,也是(shi)谷(gu)類(lei)蛋(dan)白(bai)質中較高的一種。
因此,食用(yong)(yong)大米(mi)有較(jiao)高(gao)的營養價值。但大米(mi)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)中賴氨酸(suan)和蘇氨酸(suan)的含量較(jiao)少,所(suo)以不(bu)是(shi)一種完(wan)全蛋白(bai)質(zhi),其營養價值比(bi)不(bu)上動物蛋白(bai)質(zhi)。但在午(wu)餐和晚餐時食用(yong)(yong)大米(mi),較(jiao)面食而(er)言更有利于人們(men)減肥。在我(wo)國南方地區人們(men)一般食用(yong)(yong)大米(mi)作為(wei)主食,而(er)在北方就有很大的不(bu)同。
脂(zhi)肪(fang)含量約(yue)9%,其(qi)脂(zhi)肪(fang)中(zhong)所含的(de)亞油酸含量較高(gao),一般占全部(bu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)的(de)34%,比菜籽(zi)油和(he)茶油分別多2-5倍。
禾(小(xiao)米)、稻(dao)、稷(高(gao)粱)、麥、菽(豆)稱為“五谷(gu)”。(稻(dao)即是未加工的大米)。
食物搭配相宜
【大(da)米+栗(li)子】 兩者均有健脾養(yang)胃(wei)、壯(zhuang)筋骨之(zhi)效(xiao),結(jie)合時養(yang)胃(wei)補腎效(xiao)果(guo)極佳。
【大(da)米+菠(bo)菜】 大(da)米益氣健脾通(tong)血(xue)脈,菠(bo)菜滋(zi)陰(yin)補(bu)血(xue)二者搭配潤燥養血(xue)功效(xiao)明顯。
【大(da)米+山藥】 大(da)米可平和五臟,山藥健(jian)脾補腎,二者搭配健(jian)脾益胃,助(zhu)消化。
【大(da)米(mi)+白蘿卜】止痰化咳,利膈止渴,消(xiao)除腫脹。
【大米+銀耳】兩者搭配,滋陰潤肺、生津功(gong)效更(geng)強。
【大米+燕窩】搭配可平和五臟更可滋陰補(bu)氣。
【大米(mi)+小米(mi)】兩者(zhe)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)互(hu)補,搭配食用可提(ti)高(gao)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)價值。其小米(mi)的營(ying)(ying)養(yang)價值高(gao)于(yu)大米(mi),若兩者(zhe)配合,有很好的營(ying)(ying)養(yang)價值。
功效
中醫認為(wei)大米味甘性平,具有補中益氣、健脾(pi)養胃、益精強志、和五臟(zang)、通血脈、聰耳明目止煩、止渴、止瀉的功效,稱譽(yu)為(wei)“五谷之(zhi)首”,是(shi)中國的主要糧(liang)食作物,約占(zhan)糧(liang)食作物栽(zai)培面積的四(si)分之(zhi)一(yi)。世界上有一(yi)半人口以大米為(wei)主食。
大(da)米,入脾、胃、肺(fei)(fei)經,具有(you)補(bu)中益氣、滋陰潤肺(fei)(fei)、健脾和胃、除煩(fan)渴的作用(yong)(yong)。古代養(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)家還倡導“晨起食(shi)粥”以生(sheng)(sheng)津液,因此,因肺(fei)(fei)陰虧(kui)虛所致的咳嗽、便秘患者可早晚用(yong)(yong)大(da)米煮粥服(fu)用(yong)(yong)。經常喝點(dian)大(da)米粥有(you)助于津液的生(sheng)(sheng)發,可在一定程度上緩解皮(pi)膚干燥等不(bu)適(shi)。煮粥時(shi)若(ruo)加點(dian)梨,中醫養(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)果更好。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌情況:龍(long)門縣(xian)地(di)處(chu)九(jiu)連(lian)、羅(luo)浮(fu)兩大(da)(da)山(shan)脈(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。九(jiu)連(lian)山(shan)系伸入縣(xian)境(jing),向東(dong)和(he)(he)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)派分出(chu)分支與羅(luo)浮(fu)山(shan)脈(mo)連(lian)接。境(jing)內山(shan)巒起伏,群(qun)(qun)山(shan)重疊,縱橫交錯(cuo),構成(cheng)“群(qun)(qun)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)”。山(shan)川丘陵之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)5~70平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)谷盤地(di)10個。擁有(you)(you)(you)得(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)森(sen)林資(zi)源,森(sen)林覆(fu)蓋率達(da)76.09%;空氣(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量達(da)國(guo)家(jia)一級,其中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)“北(bei)回歸(gui)線上的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠洲” 和(he)(he)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)氧吧”之(zhi)(zhi)美譽的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)昆山(shan)空氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)負離子含(han)(han)(han)量最高達(da)每立方(fang)(fang)(fang)厘米(mi)11萬個; (2)土壤條(tiao)(tiao)件:根據土壤普查,龍(long)門水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土的(de)(de)(de)(de)養分含(han)(han)(han)量,除速效(xiao)鉀(jia)含(han)(han)(han)量較(jiao)低(di)外,其他養分都比較(jiao)適宜。有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)含(han)(han)(han)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.53%;水(shui)(shui)(shui)解氮平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)含(han)(han)(han)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)99.93ppm;有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)磷為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)21.39ppm;速效(xiao)鉀(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)50.63ppm;pH值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變幅范圍5.0~7.0。 (3)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:龍(long)門縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐富(fu),龍(long)門縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)河(he)流是增(zeng)江,貫通(tong)縣(xian)境(jing)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)。龍(long)門縣(xian)境(jing)內集(ji)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)面積2126平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li),河(he)長128.6公(gong)里(li)。除增(zeng)江干流外,集(ji)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)面積100平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)流有(you)(you)(you)7條(tiao)(tiao),全(quan)縣(xian)有(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文站1個、蒸發站1個、雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量站11個,徑流系數(shu)0.626,多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)徑流量30.659億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),徑流深1335.9毫米(mi)。全(quan)縣(xian)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6.89億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)表(biao)總(zong)逕流為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)30.659億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)豐富(fu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)一、二級飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準,溫(wen)泉(quan)帶(dai)綿延百里(li),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優、儲(chu)量大(da)(da)、規模以(yi)上溫(wen)泉(quan)13個,是全(quan)省首個 “中(zhong)國(guo)溫(wen)泉(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)”。稻田灌(guan)溉(gai)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)大(da)(da)部(bu)分用水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai),其天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好、污染(ran)少,現有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)工程54宗(zong),灌(guan)溉(gai)庫容4.44億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),設計灌(guan)溉(gai)面積1.45萬公(gong)頃。 (4)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:龍(long)門縣(xian)屬(shu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),由于山(shan)多。具有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)區氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點,導致(zhi)了縣(xian)內氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣性和(he)(he)復雜性,南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)溫(wen)差較(jiao)大(da)(da),可達(da)約5℃。冬(dong)半年(nian)(nian)盛行干燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏北(bei)季(ji)風,夏半年(nian)(nian)盛行暖(nuan)濕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏南(nan)(nan)(nan)季(ji)風。春(chun)(chun)暖(nuan)來(lai)得(de)遲,春(chun)(chun)末升溫(wen)快;夏季(ji)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)多;秋涼(liang)來(lai)得(de)早,秋季(ji)降(jiang)溫(wen)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian);冬(dong)季(ji)日(ri)溫(wen)差大(da)(da),有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)同程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)、霜(shuang)凍天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)。由于地(di)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,使不(bu)穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)暖(nuan)濕(shi)氣(qi)(qi)團有(you)(you)(you)得(de)于形(xing)成(cheng)對流發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)系統(tong),造(zao)成(cheng)我縣(xian)雷雨(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)較(jiao)多,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)雷暴日(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)78天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。日(ri)照(zhao)充足,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和(he)(he),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)1750.3小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)21.0℃,歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)355天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量充沛,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量2147.1毫米(mi),全(quan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)多集(ji)中(zhong)4至9月,占年(nian)(nian)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)80.8%。
三.地域范圍
龍(long)(long)(long)(long)門(men)大米產(chan)自(zi)廣東省中部(bu),增江上(shang)游(you),地處珠江三角洲邊緣(yuan),東南與河(he)源市(shi)(shi)(shi)、博羅(luo)縣(xian)(xian)接壤,西(xi)南與從化市(shi)(shi)(shi)、增城市(shi)(shi)(shi)毗鄰,北與新豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)相連的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)門(men)縣(xian)(xian)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)門(men)大米保(bao)護區域范(fan)圍為惠州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)門(men)縣(xian)(xian)轄下的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)城街(jie)道辦(ban)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)田(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、平(ping)陵鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)江鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)華鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、麻榨(zha)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、永漢鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、地派鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、藍(lan)田(tian)瑤族鄉、南昆山(shan)旅游(you)區管理委員會(hui)。地理坐標(biao)為東經(jing)113°48′26〞~114°24′58〞,北緯23°20′06〞~23°57′50〞,種植面積1.77萬(wan)公頃,年產(chan)量8.76萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在(zai)感官特(te)(te)征:外在(zai)產品品質特(te)(te)征:龍(long)門(men)大(da)米米粒(li)(li)細(xi)長,粒(li)(li)長一(yi)般在(zai)6~7.5mm,長寬(kuan)比(bi)值(zhi)>3.5,米粒(li)(li)晶瑩剔透(tou)無(wu)心白,氣味(wei)清香;米飯軟滑可口(kou),香氣怡人。 (2)內在(zai)品質指標:龍(long)門(men)大(da)米營(ying)養價值(zhi)高(gao),堊白度(du)1.6~4.5%,堊白度(du)粒(li)(li)率≤5%,直鏈淀粉15~18%,膠(jiao)稠(chou)度(du)50~70mm,減消值(zhi)7級。 (3)安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu):龍(long)門(men)大(da)米產地環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)符合無(wu)公害食(shi)品 水(shui)稻產地環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)的要(yao)求(qiu),產品質量符合無(wu)公害農產品標準要(yao)求(qiu),縣內所(suo)有大(da)門(men)企業(ye)均入駐惠州市農產品質量安(an)全監管與溯源平臺。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze):龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)縣2015年(nian)榮獲(huo)“廣(guang)東省生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態縣”榮譽稱號,目前正在(zai)(zai)創建(jian)國家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文明建(jian)設示范縣。龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)境內(nei)無大(da)(da)(da)(da)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠,無“三(san)廢(fei)”排(pai)放和(he)(he)空氣污染,土壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃,有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)2.5%以(yi)(yi)上,土壤(rang)(rang)呈微酸性(xing),PH值6.0~6.5;土層深厚,耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)層在(zai)(zai)20cm以(yi)(yi)上,地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)位(wei)60cm以(yi)(yi)下(xia)區域作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)氣、土壤(rang)(rang)、水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)件均符合(he)(he)(he)(he)無公害(hai)(hai)食品 水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。 (2)品種選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze):選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)性(xing)強、抗(kang)逆性(xing)好(hao)、適應性(xing)廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)良種,種子(zi)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)GB要求(qiu)。 (3)特(te)(te)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種植方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi):龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)特(te)(te)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種植方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)測(ce)土配(pei)(pei)方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)三(san)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)統(tong)(tong)防(fang)統(tong)(tong)治(zhi)。 測(ce)土配(pei)(pei)方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu):在(zai)(zai)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程當(dang)(dang)(dang)中應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)測(ce)土配(pei)(pei)方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),在(zai)(zai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上,施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)(men)(men)針對龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)縣土質(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)(pei)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)53%(23:11:19)龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)縣水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)測(ce)土配(pei)(pei)方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)認定配(pei)(pei)方(fang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。 水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)三(san)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu):通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制總施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)基蘗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮量(liang)(liang)(liang),提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv),減少環境污染;通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制基蘗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮量(liang)(liang)(liang),控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制苗峰,提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)成穗率(lv)和(he)(he)群(qun)體質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang),實(shi)(shi)現高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan);通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制苗峰,增加(jia)群(qun)體通(tong)透性(xing),控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。 水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu):水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)從育(yu)苗、整地(di)(di)(di)到收(shou)獲(huo)歸倉(cang),以(yi)(yi)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)為(wei)依托(tuo),完成水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)。 水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)統(tong)(tong)防(fang)統(tong)(tong)治(zhi):在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)(guo)程,以(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)防(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)基礎,協(xie)調運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)物理(li)(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)、低毒(du)(du)、低殘留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao),禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)(du)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)毒(du)(du)和(he)(he)國家禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)市場化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運作(zuo)(zuo)模式(shi)(shi)(shi),推廣(guang)以(yi)(yi)承包(bao)為(wei)主(zhu)要服務(wu)(wu)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)防(fang)治(zhi)服務(wu)(wu),利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)和(he)(he)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi),將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)危害(hai)(hai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制在(zai)(zai)經濟允許(xu)水(shui)平以(yi)(yi)下(xia),以(yi)(yi)實(shi)(shi)現“保益控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)害(hai)(hai)、安(an)全高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)、資(zi)源(yuan)節約、環境友好(hao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),確保農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)安(an)全、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態安(an)全。 (4)特(te)(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝:大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)傳統(tong)(tong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般需經清(qing)理(li)(li)、去(qu)石、磁選(xuan)(xuan)、礱谷、谷糙分(fen)離、白(bai)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)分(fen)級、色選(xuan)(xuan)、包(bao)裝等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)。龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)三(san)道砂輥(gun)組合(he)(he)(he)(he)、直(zhi)排(pai)篩(shai)眼(yan)等特(te)(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。 ①碾(nian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu):加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)短粒(li)(li)(li)型大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)時,米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)機(ji)碾(nian)白(bai)多采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)砂二鐵(指米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)機(ji)中磨輥(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材質(zhi)(zhi))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合(he)(he)(he)(he)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi),這(zhe)樣利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二、三(san)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵輥(gun)才(cai)能(neng)將(jiang)粳米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胚芽有效(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)去(qu)除(chu)。而(er)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長粒(li)(li)(li)型大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)時,米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)機(ji)碾(nian)白(bai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)道砂輥(gun)組合(he)(he)(he)(he),不采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鐵輥(gun),避(bi)免在(zai)(zai)碾(nian)白(bai)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較多碎米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),從而(er)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)出米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)率(lv)。 ②拋(pao)光(guang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu):加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)短粒(li)(li)(li)型大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拋(pao)光(guang)機(ji)碾(nian)白(bai)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)篩(shai)網,篩(shai)眼(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)列是(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)斜排(pai)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi),這(zhe)是(shi)根據大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粒(li)(li)(li)型特(te)(te)點(米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)粒(li)(li)(li)本身結構強度大(da)(da)(da)(da),含(han)糠量(liang)(liang)(liang)較少)而(er)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而(er)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長粒(li)(li)(li)型大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拋(pao)光(guang)機(ji)碾(nian)白(bai)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)篩(shai)網,篩(shai)眼(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)列則采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直(zhi)排(pai)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi),利(li)(li)于(yu)排(pai)糠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順(shun)暢,使(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)外觀(guan)更整潔,達到光(guang)澤(ze)自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。 (5)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品收(shou)獲(huo)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后處理(li)(li):當(dang)(dang)(dang)當(dang)(dang)(dang)籽(zi)粒(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%以(yi)(yi)上充黃(huang)成熟,穗軸有三(san)分(fen)之二,基部(bu)(bu)有很(hen)少一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)綠(lv)色籽(zi)粒(li)(li)(li)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)時進(jin)行(xing)收(shou)獲(huo);采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)或(huo)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)收(shou)割,要求(qiu)不同品種單獨(du)收(shou)割、單獨(du)運輸(shu)、單獨(du)脫粒(li)(li)(li)、單獨(du)貯(zhu)藏,嚴禁品種間(jian)混雜。脫粒(li)(li)(li)后,晾曬數日,以(yi)(yi)降(jiang)低含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang),含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)13.5%,再進(jin)行(xing)揚(yang)場或(huo)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)清(qing)選(xuan)(xuan)。要求(qiu)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)級過(guo)(guo)(guo)篩(shai),清(qing)除(chu)雜質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)癟(bie)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),達到粒(li)(li)(li)度均一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),破碎率(lv)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)2%,雜質(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)1%,蟲(chong)蝕(shi)率(lv)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)1%。保證純度、提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)商品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。 (6)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)要求(qiu):按照(zhao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)建(jian)立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)檔案,詳細記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)投入品,特(te)(te)別是(shi)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱、來源(yuan)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi);病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)情況(kuang)、收(shou)獲(huo)日期(qi)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢測(ce)情況(kuang)、銷售情況(kuang),保證產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可追溯性(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)檔案應當(dang)(dang)(dang)保存(cun)兩年(nian)以(yi)(yi)上。
六.包裝標識相關規定
在(zai)保(bao)護區域內的龍(long)門大(da)米生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營者(zhe),在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品或(huo)包裝上使用(yong)(yong)已獲登記(ji)保(bao)護的農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地理(li)(li)標志(zhi),需向登記(ji)證書持(chi)有人龍(long)門縣農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品行業協會提出申請,申請通過后方可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)龍(long)門大(da)米農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地理(li)(li)標志(zhi)公共標識(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)樣和標志(zhi)圖案,并按(an)照本規范要(yao)求生產(chan)(chan)(chan),并按(an)照《龍(long)門大(da)米農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地理(li)(li)標志(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)管理(li)(li)辦法(試行)》使用(yong)(yong)標志(zhi),統一(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)龍(long)門大(da)米農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地理(li)(li)標志(zhi)公共標識(shi)(shi)(shi)相結(jie)合的標識(shi)(shi)(shi)標注。