一.產品介紹
產于鄧(deng)李(li)鄉馬(ma)灣村。其(qi)主(zhu)要特色(se)是:入口甘(gan)爽(shuang),色(se)澤鮮(xian)亮,白里透紅,含糖量高,營(ying)養(yang)豐(feng)富,離核,種(zhong)植面積大,歷史悠久,曾遠銷前(qian)蘇聯、香港等(deng)地,遠近聞名。屬產地特色(se)類。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
2.1土壤地(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang) “馬灣白桃”產地(di)為沙(sha)河(he)沖積平(ping)(ping)原,地(di)形(xing)北(bei)部高,中部和東南緩低,沃野坦蕩。境(jing)內土壤為黃(huang)潮土、結構疏松(song),透(tou)氣(qi)性好,水質甘甜,有機質含量(liang)(liang)1.224%,全(quan)氮(dan)(dan)0.068%,速效磷(lin)8ppm,速效氮(dan)(dan)67 ppm,速效鉀81 ppm,pH 6.77~7.35。 2.2水文情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang) 境(jing)內有本縣最(zui)大(da)的河(he)流(liu)沙(sha)河(he)穿境(jing)而過,沙(sha)河(he)以(yi)南與(yu)大(da)麥河(he)在(zai)鄧(deng)李鄉境(jing)內匯入沙(sha)河(he)、源(yuan)于鄧(deng)李鄉鄧(deng)李村北(bei)的北(bei)大(da)溝在(zai)沙(sha)河(he)出縣境(jing)口處(chu)注(zhu)入沙(sha)河(he)。三(san)條河(he)流(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均最(zui)大(da)徑流(liu)量(liang)(liang)23.85億m3。地(di)下水由自然降水,自流(liu)灌溉回歸(gui)水,河(he)流(liu)側滲等(deng)組成,可利用(yong)水資(zi)源(yuan)總量(liang)(liang)接(jie)近950萬m2。 2.3氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang) 葉縣屬暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶大(da)陸(lu)季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),四季分明、春(chun)季溫(wen)暖(nuan),風(feng)多雨(yu)少,氣(qi)溫(wen)回升(sheng)快;夏季炎熱,雨(yu)水集中;秋季涼(liang)爽(shuang),秋雨(yu)綿綿,氣(qi)溫(wen)日(ri)(ri)差較(jiao)大(da)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)14.8度,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降水量(liang)(liang)804.8毫米。境(jing)內多年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時數1991.1小(xiao)時,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)率是45%,年(nian)(nian)(nian)最(zui)多日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)數為2193.5小(xiao)時,最(zui)少日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時數為1702.7小(xiao)時。區域光照(zhao)充足,年(nian)(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期216天(tian)。
三.地域范圍
“馬灣(wan)白桃(tao)”分布在葉縣(xian)鄧(deng)李(li)鄉和(he)洪莊楊鄉境(jing)內境(jing)內沙河兩岸(an)的馬灣(wan)、灣(wan)李(li)、、妝(zhuang)頭等16個(ge)行政村。位于東經(jing)113°28′56″~113°34′18″ ,北(bei)緯 33°43′32″~33°41′32″,東西長25公里,南北(bei)寬12公里。 適宜種(zhong)植面積3.2萬(wan)畝,年產量6.4萬(wan)噸左(zuo)右。
四.產品品質特性特征
4.1 外在感官特(te)征 馬(ma)灣(wan)白桃的主要(yao)特(te)色(se)是:個大鮮亮,白里透紅,核肉分離,汁多爽口,肉軟味甜(tian)。 4.2 內在品質(zhi)指標 經農業部農產品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)監督檢驗(yan)測(ce)試中(zhong)心(鄭州)檢驗(yan),“馬(ma)灣(wan)白桃”可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物(wu)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)為12%~14 %,鐵含量(liang)(liang)(liang)6.4~7.6/100g,鉀含量(liang)(liang)(liang)131~178/100g。
五.特定生產方式
3.1 園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇 園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇“馬(ma)灣(wan)白(bai)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)”產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu), pH值7.0左(zuo)右(you),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)鹽(yan)分(fen)(fen)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不高(gao)于1%,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥10g/kg,排灌(guan)便(bian)利,交通(tong)方便(bian),沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)核果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)類(lei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊。產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)NY/T 391的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。 3.2品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇 以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“馬(ma)灣(wan)白(bai)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)”品(pin)種(zhong)大(da)(da)白(bai)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),適(shi)當(dang)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)沙子早生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)新品(pin)種(zhong)。 3.3大(da)(da)坑(keng)(keng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) “馬(ma)灣(wan)白(bai)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)”種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)按寬、深(shen)(shen)(shen)各0.8m—1m開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)坑(keng)(keng)(溝(gou)),并(bing)(bing)將(jiang)挖出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu))與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(底土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu))分(fen)(fen)開(kai)(kai)(kai)堆(dui)放(fang)。回(hui)填時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與(yu)腐(fu)熟(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(每(mei)穴(xue)25kg左(zuo)右(you)或(huo)(huo)(huo)每(mei)畝(mu)2000kg—3000kg)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)混合(he)(he)(he)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)填入(ru)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)坑(keng)(keng)(溝(gou))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)層(ceng),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)填上層(ceng)。 3.4 適(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi),合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)密(mi)(mi)植(zhi)(zhi) “馬(ma)灣(wan)白(bai)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)”定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)秋(qiu)季(ji)落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)至(zhi)次(ci)(ci)年(nian)春(chun)季(ji)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian),對(dui)苗(miao)木根(gen)系用(yong)(yong)(yong)1%硫酸銅溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)浸5min后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再放(fang)到2%石(shi)灰液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)浸2min進(jin)(jin)行消毒(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)三封(feng)兩踩一提(ti)苗(miao)一澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)苗(miao)木根(gen)系舒展,苗(miao)木扶正(zheng)、嫁接(jie)(jie)口朝(chao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)北迎風(feng)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),根(gen)系周(zhou)圍(wei)填熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)沉實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)苗(miao)木根(gen)莖與(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)相平(ping)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)根(gen)據(ju)品(pin)種(zhong)特性(xing)(xing)和樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)而定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),一般(ban)開(kai)(kai)(kai)心形(xing)(xing)(xing)整枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 4×3米(mi) ,每(mei)畝(mu)55株(zhu)(zhu),Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)整枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3×2米(mi) ,每(mei)畝(mu) 110株(zhu)(zhu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)型整枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2×1米(mi),每(mei)畝(mu)330株(zhu)(zhu)。 3.5深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan)改土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),提(ti)升(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)力(li)(li) 每(mei)年(nian)秋(qiu)季(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)結合(he)(he)(he)秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan)改土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。擴(kuo)穴(xue)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)(溝(gou))外(wai)(wai)挖環(huan)(huan)狀溝(gou)或(huo)(huo)(huo)平(ping)行溝(gou),溝(gou)寬30-50cm,深(shen)(shen)(shen)30cm~45cm全(quan)(quan)(quan)園(yuan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)將(jiang)栽植(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan),深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)30cm~40cm,耕翻(fan)(fan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)耙(pa)平(ping)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)回(hui)填時(shi)(shi)混入(ru)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)。 3.6果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao),改善(shan)環(huan)(huan)境 提(ti)倡桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)園(yuan)行間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)制種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),改善(shan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境。選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)草(cao)類(lei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)是與(yu)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆科(ke)綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)(deng),并(bing)(bing)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)刈割翻(fan)(fan)埋于土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)覆蓋(gai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤。 3.7肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li) 3.7.1施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 3.7.1.1 施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原則 肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)種(zhong)類(lei)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔,保(bao)持和增加(jia)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)(li)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)活性(xing)(xing)。提(ti)倡根(gen)據(ju)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)和葉(xie)(xie)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養分(fen)(fen)析進(jin)(jin)行配(pei)方施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和平(ping)衡施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)《NYT394綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)_肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 。 3.7.1.2 施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)和數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang) 基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于九月份(fen)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)外(wai)(wai)圍(wei)新梢開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)緩慢(man)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長至(zhi)停止生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長時(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)秋(qiu)季(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)每(mei)667m2施(shi)(shi)(shi)優質(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)3000kg~4000kg。幼(you)齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)和結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)育前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氮(dan)磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)育后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)~3次(ci)(ci),前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)少追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。分(fen)(fen)別于萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)每(mei)667m2追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)硫酸鉀(jia)(jia)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(15—15—15)50kg;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)667m 2追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)磷(lin)酸二氫鉀(jia)(jia)40kg,最后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一次(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)須在(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)20d前(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)行。每(mei)年(nian)根(gen)外(wai)(wai)噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)合(he)(he)(he)微(wei)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、磷(lin)酸二氫鉀(jia)(jia)5~6次(ci)(ci)。距果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)20d內(nei)停止葉(xie)(xie)面追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。 3.7.2水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)管(guan)理(li)(li) 桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian),幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)封(feng)凍前(qian)(qian),澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)三次(ci)(ci)。其(qi)他(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)節如(ru)(ru)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)旱或(huo)(huo)(huo)每(mei)次(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)不足時(shi)(shi)適(shi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)。開(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉色(se)至(zhi)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)控制灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)無(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)NY/T 391中(zhong)(zhong)4.2規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。 3.8整形(xing)(xing)(xing)修剪 3.8.1主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 3.8.1.1自然(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)心形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)50cm-60cm,選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)上分(fen)(fen)布錯落(luo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不要(yao)(yao)正(zheng)南;主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)40o~70o;每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)置2個(ge)(ge)(ge)~3個(ge)(ge)(ge)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。呈順向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)排列,側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)張(zhang)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)70o左(zuo)右(you)。 3.8.1.2 Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)40cm~50cm,選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)60o~90o,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)培(pei)養結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。 3.8.1.3 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)型 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)170-200cm,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)基(ji)部(bu)60cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上分(fen)(fen)布結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)(ge),不留(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。 3.9花(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li)(li) 3.9.1保(bao)花(hua)(hua)保(bao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 盛(sheng)花(hua)(hua)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)0.3%磷(lin)酸二氫鉀(jia)(jia)+0.3%硼(酸)砂+0.3%白(bai)糖混合(he)(he)(he)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)愛多(duo)收、坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)靈等(deng)(deng)(deng)促進(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo);也可(ke)每(mei)667㎡放(fang)一箱蜜(mi)蜂或(huo)(huo)(huo)50頭-100頭角(jiao)額壁(bi)蜂進(jin)(jin)行授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen);從(cong)(cong)(cong)初(chu)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)于上午9-10時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電動(dong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)器或(huo)(huo)(huo)人(ren)工點(dian)授(shou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)進(jin)(jin)行人(ren)工授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)。 3.9.2 疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 3.9.2.1 原則 根(gen)據(ju)品(pin)種(zhong)特性(xing)(xing)、自然(ran)條件、經營定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)、產(chan)品(pin)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)(deng)(deng),通(tong)過(guo)整形(xing)(xing)(xing)修剪、疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)調(diao)節產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang),一般(ban)每(mei)667㎡產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2000kg-2500kg。 3.9.2.2 時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方法(fa)(fa)(fa) 于花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)膨大(da)(da)至(zhi)花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)綻前(qian)(qian),疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)過(guo)多(duo)、瘦小、畸形(xing)(xing)(xing)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)梢端弱質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)與(yu)花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)。疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)分(fen)(fen)2次(ci)(ci)進(jin)(jin)行:第(di)一次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)落(luo)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)2周(zhou),疏(shu)(shu)去小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并(bing)(bing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)多(duo)過(guo)密(mi)(mi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo);第(di)二次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)落(luo)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)3周(zhou)-4周(zhou)第(di)一次(ci)(ci)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)行疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),首先疏(shu)(shu)去朝(chao)天果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),無(wu)(wu)(wu)葉(xie)(xie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩側(ce),向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健壯(zhuang)好果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。一般(ban)長果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)-4個(ge)(ge)(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)距15cm-20cm),中(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)-3個(ge)(ge)(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),短果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)花(hua)(hua)束狀果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)不留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.9.3果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)。套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)前(qian)(qian)噴(pen)(pen)一次(ci)(ci)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)菌(jun)(jun)劑(ji)(ji)(ji),待果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面藥(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)涼干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)袋(dai)(dai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)韌性(xing)(xing)強(qiang),抗風(feng)吹(chui)雨淋、透(tou)(tou)氣好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)廠家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)紙袋(dai)(dai)或(huo)(huo)(huo)塑膜袋(dai)(dai)。 3.9.4提(ti)高(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉色(se)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)前(qian)(qian)增噴(pen)(pen)磷(lin)、鉀(jia)(jia)、鈣等(deng)(deng)(deng)營養元(yuan)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)下(xia)鋪(pu)反光(guang)(guang)塑膜,及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)圍(wei)貼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)遮光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)、梢,增加(jia)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠內(nei)膛(tang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)下(xia)部(bu)光(guang)(guang)照,促進(jin)(jin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)著色(se),提(ti)高(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。 3.10病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 3.10.1植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)檢(jian)疫(yi)(yi) 禁(jin)止檢(jian)疫(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)從(cong)(cong)(cong)疫(yi)(yi)區傳(chuan)入(ru)我(wo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。不得從(cong)(cong)(cong)疫(yi)(yi)區調(diao)運(yun)(yun)苗(miao)木、接(jie)(jie)穗(sui)、種(zhong)子,所有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)調(diao)苗(miao)木,必須嚴格檢(jian)疫(yi)(yi),一經發(fa)現檢(jian)疫(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)立即銷(xiao)毀。 3.10.2農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)抗性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良種(zhong)良砧建園(yuan);強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li),合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)整形(xing)(xing)(xing)修剪,保(bao)持良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)風(feng)透(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)條件,合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)負(fu)載(zai),保(bao)持健壯(zhuang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)勢,提(ti)高(gao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)抗性(xing)(xing);冬(dong)(dong)春(chun)刮除(chu)老(lao)翹皮、腐(fu)爛病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑,徹(che)底清園(yuan)、減少病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源;土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)接(jie)(jie)近封(feng)凍時(shi)(shi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan),凍死(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)越(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong);早春(chun)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)膜覆蓋(gai),阻隔(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)內(nei)越(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)出土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai);晚秋(qiu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)綁草(cao)環(huan)(huan),誘(you)(you)集病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)藏身越(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)集中(zhong)(zhong)燒(shao)毀,減少病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)基(ji)數(shu);果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)寄主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)誘(you)(you)集害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)產(chan)卵,集中(zhong)(zhong)燒(shao)毀殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅(mie)。 3.10.3物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)據(ju)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學特性(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)4、5月份(fen)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取糖醋(cu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),5月份(fen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取黑光(guang)(guang)燈誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻振(zhen)式殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)纏草(cao)把(ba)、粘著劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和防(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網等(deng)(deng)(deng)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.10.4生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 通(tong)過(guo)保(bao)護瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、小花(hua)(hua)蝽、草(cao)蛉、食(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)蠅(ying)、捕食(shi)螨(man)等(deng)(deng)(deng)天敵,控制蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、葉(xie)(xie)螨(man)、潛(qian)葉(xie)(xie)蛾等(deng)(deng)(deng)自然(ran)天敵人(ren)工引(yin)移、繁殖釋放(fang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)天敵;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)養雞或(huo)(huo)(huo)招引(yin)益鳥啄食(shi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)益微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)代謝物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),如(ru)(ru)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)性(xing)(xing)外(wai)(wai)激(ji)素誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.10.5化(hua)(hua)學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 提(ti)倡使用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)、礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(如(ru)(ru)石(shi)硫合(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和硫懸浮劑(ji)(ji)(ji)),禁(jin)止使用(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)、高(gao)毒(du)、高(gao)殘留(liu)和致(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)突變農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)時(shi)(shi)嚴格按照NY/T 393-2000的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)控制施(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),并(bing)(bing)遵照國(guo)家有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。 3.10.6主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai):有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)細菌(jun)(jun)性(xing)(xing)穿孔病(bing)(bing)(bing)、桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)瘡(chuang)痂病(bing)(bing)(bing)、桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)縮葉(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing);桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)蚜(ya)(ya)、葉(xie)(xie)螨(man)、蚧類(lei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 3.10.6.1桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)細菌(jun)(jun)性(xing)(xing)穿孔病(bing)(bing)(bing):從(cong)(cong)(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)3°Be~5°Be石(shi)硫合(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)(ji),消滅(mie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)上越(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)菌(jun)(jun);或(huo)(huo)(huo)100萬單位新植(zhi)(zhi)霉(mei)素可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d。 3.10.6.2桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)瘡(chuang)痂病(bing)(bing)(bing):從(cong)(cong)(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收前(qian)(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌(jun)(jun)靈可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d。 3.10.6.3桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)縮葉(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing):從(cong)(cong)(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)前(qian)(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)1.5%多(duo)抗霉(mei)素可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d;或(huo)(huo)(huo)70%甲基(ji)托(tuo)布津可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)100倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)30d。 3.10.6.4桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)蚜(ya)(ya):從(cong)(cong)(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)前(qian)(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)0.36%苦(ku)參堿(jian)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)~2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d。10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)25d。 3.10.6.5葉(xie)(xie)螨(man):從(cong)(cong)(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收前(qian)(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)0.9%或(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)螨(man)克水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)5000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%阿維(wei)菌(jun)(jun)素5000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d或(huo)(huo)(huo)14d。 3.10.6.6蚧類(lei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong):從(cong)(cong)(cong)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收前(qian)(qian),謝花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)10d~15d,防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)白(bai)蚧、朝(chao)鮮球堅蚧,用(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d;或(huo)(huo)(huo)0.2°Be~0.3°Be石(shi)硫合(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。 3.11果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收和采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)處理(li)(li) 根(gen)據(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)途和市(shi)(shi)場需求(qiu)(qiu)綜合(he)(he)(he)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收適(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收時(shi)(shi),輕(qing)拿(na)輕(qing)放(fang)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)立即按要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)(jin)行挑選(xuan)(xuan)、包(bao)裝(zhuang),包(bao)裝(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)清潔、牢固、無(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)異味,包(bao)裝(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)國(guo)家有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)標(biao)準(zhun)和規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),編上標(biao)記(ji)(ji),及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)組織調(diao)運(yun)(yun)至(zhi)銷(xiao)售市(shi)(shi)場或(huo)(huo)(huo)貯存地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。 3.12 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)檔(dang)案(an)(an)記(ji)(ji)錄 要(yao)(yao)建立田間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)技術檔(dang)案(an)(an),對(dui)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程全(quan)(quan)(quan)面記(ji)(ji)載(zai),并(bing)(bing)妥(tuo)善(shan)保(bao)存,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)備查閱(yue)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
包裝(zhuang)主要采用彩色紙盒(he)和箱式(shi)(shi)包裝(zhuang)為主,包裝(zhuang)材必須符(fu)合(he)國家強行(xing)性技術規范要求。產品有明確(que)標簽,內容包括:產品名稱,商標, 產品執行(xing)標準,生產者及(ji)(ji)銷售(shou)者詳細地(di)址,聯系方式(shi)(shi),凈(jing)含量及(ji)(ji)生產日期。