極北昆布(bu)分布(bu)在挪威、法(fa)國、愛爾(er)蘭和(he)蘇(su)格蘭的北海海岸(an)
極北(bei)昆布只有部分的直立葉狀(zhuang)體(ti)存在。革質的葉狀(zhuang)體(ti)長1-1.5m。葉柄(bing)圓形,基部(bu)分布較開,呈(cheng)鹿(lu)角(jiao)狀。如果(guo)切(qie)斷葉柄(bing),會有濃(nong)厚的粘液分泌出來。粘液管分布在葉柄(bing)中(zhong),是該種(zhong)區(qu)別于其它種(zhong)的典型(xing)特征(zheng)。固著(zhu)器錐形,從(cong)葉柄(bing)部(bu)彎曲成一(yi)定(ding)角(jiao)度。
極北昆布是一種(zhong)具有(you)明顯世代交替(ti)的(de)(de)兩年生褐藻(zao)。孢子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟時(shi)在葉(xie)片表面產(chan)生孢子(zi)(zi)(zi)囊(nang)(nang)。孢子(zi)(zi)(zi)母(mu)細胞經過減數分裂形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)游(you)(you)孢子(zi)(zi)(zi)。游(you)(you)孢子(zi)(zi)(zi)梨形(xing),個體(ti)(ti)很小,放散后附著萌發形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雌雄(xiong)配(pei)(pei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)。雌雄(xiong)配(pei)(pei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卵(luan)囊(nang)(nang)和精(jing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)囊(nang)(nang),并排(pai)出卵(luan)和精(jing)子(zi)(zi)(zi),卵(luan)和精(jing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)接(jie)合(he)(he)產(chan)生合(he)(he)子(zi)(zi)(zi),合(he)(he)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不休眠,立(li)即分裂形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小孢子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)。從游(you)(you)孢子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)到卵(luan)和精(jing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)排(pai)出組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)性的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)世代。孢子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)世代是雙倍體(ti)(ti),配(pei)(pei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)世代是單倍體(ti)(ti)。