一、無氧銅桿是什么
無氧銅桿是光亮(liang)銅桿(gan)的一種,光亮(liang)銅桿(gan)還包括低氧(yang)銅桿(gan)、普通(tong)銅桿(gan)和其它銅桿(gan),無氧(yang)銅桿(gan)的含(han)氧(yang)量通(tong)常小于20ppm,導電率是普通(tong)銅桿(gan)的102.3%。
由于生產銅桿的工藝不同,所生產的銅桿中的含氧量及外觀就不同,上引生產的銅桿,工藝得當氧含量在20ppm以下,叫無氧銅桿。連鑄連軋生產的銅桿是在保護條件下的熱軋,氧含量在200-500ppm范圍內,但有時也高達700ppm以上,一般情況下,此種方法生產的銅外表光亮,俗稱光亮桿。
無氧銅(tong)桿是不含氧也不含任(ren)何(he)脫氧劑殘留(liu)物的(de)純(chun)銅(tong),但實(shi)際上還是含有非常微量氧和(he)一些雜質(zhi)。按標準(zhun)規(gui)定,氧的(de)含量不大(da)于(yu)0.02%,雜質(zhi)總(zong)含量不大(da)于(yu)0.05%,銅(tong)的(de)純(chun)度大(da)于(yu)99.95%。
根據含(han)氧量(liang)和(he)(he)雜(za)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang),無(wu)氧銅(tong)桿(gan)又分為TU1和(he)(he)TU2銅(tong)桿(gan),TU1無(wu)氧銅(tong)桿(gan)純(chun)度(du)達(da)到(dao)99.99%,氧含(han)量(liang)不大于0.001%;TU2無(wu)氧銅(tong)純(chun)度(du)達(da)到(dao)99.95%,氧含(han)量(liang)不大于0.002%。
二、無氧銅桿和低氧銅桿的區別
1、生產工藝不同
低氧(yang)銅桿(gan)是以銅為原料,經過連(lian)鑄(zhu)連(lian)軋法生產出來含氧(yang)量200(175)—400(450)ppm之間(jian)銅桿(gan)材(cai)。其(qi)生產工(gong)藝是金屬在豎爐中(zhong)融化后,銅液通過保(bao)溫爐、溜槽、中(zhong)間(jian)包,從澆(jiao)管進(jin)入封閉(bi)的(de)模腔內,采用較大(da)的(de)冷卻(que)強度進(jin)行(xing)(xing)冷卻(que),形成鑄(zhu)坯,然后進(jin)行(xing)(xing)多道次軋制(zhi)。
無氧(yang)銅(tong)(tong)桿一般采用上(shang)(shang)引連(lian)鑄法生(sheng)產,含氧(yang)量一般在(zai)20ppm以(yi)下。無氧(yang)銅(tong)(tong)桿的生(sheng)產工(gong)藝是金(jin)屬在(zai)感(gan)應電爐中(zhong)融化后(hou)通過(guo)石墨模進行上(shang)(shang)引連(lian)續鑄造,之后(hou)進行冷軋(ya)或冷加工(gong)。
2、組織結構不同
低氧(yang)銅桿為熱加(jia)工組(zu)織,在8mm桿時已(yi)有再結晶形(xing)式(shi)出現(xian)。從(cong)組(zu)織上看,低氧(yang)銅桿中的氧(yang)以氧(yang)化(hua)銅的狀(zhuang)態,存在于晶粒(li)邊界附近。
無氧(yang)(yang)(yang)銅桿(gan)為鑄造組織,晶(jing)(jing)粒粗大,這就(jiu)是無氧(yang)(yang)(yang)銅桿(gan)再(zai)結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)溫(wen)度較高、需要較高退(tui)火溫(wen)度的(de)原因(yin)。由于再(zai)結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)發生在晶(jing)(jing)粒邊(bian)界附近,無氧(yang)(yang)(yang)銅桿(gan)組織晶(jing)(jing)粒粗大,晶(jing)(jing)粒尺寸甚至能達幾個毫米,因(yin)而晶(jing)(jing)粒邊(bian)界少,即使通過(guo)拉(la)制變形,但晶(jing)(jing)粒邊(bian)界相對低(di)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)銅桿(gan)還是較少,所以(yi)需要較高的(de)退(tui)火功率。
3、含氧量不同
低氧(yang)銅(tong)桿(gan)的(de)含(han)氧(yang)量一般在200(175)—400(450)ppm,因此氧(yang)是在銅(tong)液(ye)態狀態下吸入(ru)的(de),好(hao)的(de)銅(tong)桿(gan)一般含(han)氧(yang)量控制在250ppm左右。
無氧(yang)(yang)銅桿含氧(yang)(yang)量(liang)在10-20ppm以下(xia),但目前有的銅排廠家只能做到50ppm以下(xia)。氧(yang)(yang)在液態銅下(xia)保(bao)持相當時間后,被(bei)還(huan)原而(er)脫(tuo)去(qu),通(tong)常(chang)這種(zhong)桿的含氧(yang)(yang)量(liang)都在10-50ppm以下(xia),甚至(zhi)可低(di)至(zhi)1-2ppm。
4、拉制性能不同
低(di)(di)氧銅(tong)桿對漆包線性能(neng)更適應(ying)些,如(ru)柔軟性、回彈角、繞線性能(neng),但(dan)低(di)(di)氧銅(tong)桿對拉(la)(la)絲(si)條件(jian)相對要苛刻(ke)些。同(tong)樣拉(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)0.2的細(xi)絲(si),如(ru)果伸(shen)(shen)線條件(jian)不好,普通的無(wu)氧銅(tong)桿可拉(la)(la),而好的低(di)(di)氧桿就斷線;但(dan)如(ru)果放在好的伸(shen)(shen)線條件(jian),同(tong)樣的桿子,低(di)(di)氧桿說不定(ding)就能(neng)拉(la)(la)到雙零五,而普通無(wu)氧銅(tong)桿只(zhi)能(neng)拉(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)到0.1而已。低(di)(di)溫超導線中(zhong)的低(di)(di)溫級(ji)無(wu)氧銅(tong)桿,其細(xi)絲(si)間的間距只(zhi)有0.001mm。
5、具體用途不同
無氧銅桿一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)解(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)生產,電(dian)阻(zu)率和加工性能優于(yu)低氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)桿(gan)(gan),因此(ci)生產高要(yao)求(qiu)的電(dian)工材料(liao)一般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)無(wu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)桿(gan)(gan),比如做漆包線,無(wu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)桿(gan)(gan)電(dian)阻(zu)更(geng)小,應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)機(ji)時(shi)發(fa)熱情況時(shi)要(yao)優于(yu)低氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)桿(gan)(gan)。現(xian)在基本上是大規格、電(dian)阻(zu)要(yao)求(qiu)低的電(dian)工產品用(yong)(yong)低氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)桿(gan)(gan);小規格、電(dian)阻(zu)要(yao)求(qiu)高的用(yong)(yong)無(wu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)桿(gan)(gan)。而(er)音響(xiang)線一般(ban)反而(er)喜(xi)歡用(yong)(yong)無(wu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)桿(gan)(gan),這和無(wu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)桿(gan)(gan)是單晶銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、低氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)桿(gan)(gan)是多(duo)晶銅(tong)(tong)(tong)有關。