一、老年代步車是什么車

老年車，又叫老年電動車、老年代步車、老年(nian)助(zhu)力(li)車(che)，是老年(nian)人戶外出行代步(bu)的(de)理想車(che)輛。其性能相對穩定，車(che)速(su)較慢(man)，運用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)無需加油，故又稱環保老年(nian)車(che)，老年(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)所(suo)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)能源有(you)很多(duo)，主要有(you)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（含鉛(qian)酸膠體電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）、鎳(nie)(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)(nie)鐵(tie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（常稱之為(wei)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）、燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)按電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學方式直接將化(hua)(hua)學能轉化(hua)(hua)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。它(ta)不(bu)經(jing)過熱機(ji)過程，因此不(bu)受卡諾循環的(de)限制，能量(liang)轉化(hua)(hua)效率高（40－60%）；幾(ji)乎不(bu)產生NOx和SOx的(de)排(pai)放(fang)。

當前市面上出現了各(ge)種(zhong)掛羊(yang)頭賣(mai)狗肉的所謂的“老(lao)年代(dai)步車”，不(bu)僅混淆了老(lao)年朋友的視(shi)聽，更是(shi)給駕車的老(lao)人、殘疾人帶來極大的安全隱(yin)患，各(ge)地政府都在相繼出臺相關(guan)政策法規，禁止這些“老(lao)年代(dai)步車”上路行(xing)駛。

嚴格意義上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)年電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)代步車(che)產品(pin)(pin)應(ying)該是(shi)從原(yuan)先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歸(gui)屬于(yu)醫(yi)療器械類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)椅車(che)演(yan)變(bian)而來，產品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計更適合(he)老(lao)年人(ren)(ren)、殘疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)駕駛習慣。而且適用人(ren)(ren)群(qun)從原(yuan)先(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)椅車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘疾(ji)人(ren)(ren)群(qun)擴(kuo)展到了廣(guang)(guang)大腿(tui)腳不便的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)年人(ren)(ren)。產品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計生產均參照國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準及電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)椅車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準，在(zai)某些參數指標(biao)(biao)方面甚至更嚴格于(yu)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2個國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準，車(che)速設(she)計在(zai)10公里/小時之內，整車(che)底(di)盤高度在(zai)8cm，剎車(che)制動(dong)距離在(zai)0.5米之內，從各個方面均優于(yu)原(yuan)先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)椅車(che)，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)椅車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)化升級車(che)型，能夠(gou)符合(he)廣(guang)(guang)大老(lao)年朋(peng)友的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出行代步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求，同時提供更全面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全保障。

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二、老年代步車的組成結構

一般老年代步車是由蓄電(dian)池、電(dian)動輪(lun)轂、控制器、充電(dian)器四大件和車(che)(che)體部(bu)分組(zu)成。對于安全性(xing)有更高要求的(de)臺生產廠家，則根(gen)據汽車(che)(che)的(de)設(she)計(ji)思路進行整(zheng)體設(she)計(ji)，整(zheng)車(che)(che)一般分為，電(dian)力供應(ying)系統、前橋、后橋、控制器、車(che)(che)架等幾部(bu)分。

由于當前鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)相(xiang)對比較高(gao)，一般(ban)廠家都采用鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，一般(ban)由一組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池都由多個(ge)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)池串聯成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)，做為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供應系(xi)統。根據國家相(xiang)關規定(ding)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不得(de)超過(guo)48V。

電(dian)(dian)機(ji)輪(lun)轂(gu)分為：有(you)刷有(you)齒(chi)高速(su)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)轂(gu)（簡稱高速(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)或有(you)聲電(dian)(dian)機(ji)）、有(you)刷無(wu)齒(chi)低(di)速(su)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)轂(gu)（簡稱低(di)速(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)或無(wu)聲電(dian)(dian)機(ji)）及無(wu)刷無(wu)齒(chi)程(cheng)序電(dian)(dian)機(ji)（簡稱程(cheng)序電(dian)(dian)機(ji)）。

控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)按控(kong)(kong)制方式分類(lei)有(you)全(quan)動(dong)型(xing)、智能(neng)(neng)型(xing)、雙(shuang)控(kong)(kong)型(xing)和非零啟動(dong)型(xing)四種類(lei)型(xing)，控(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)由主控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)、儀表顯示器(qi)、調速(su)轉把(ba)和剎車斷(duan)電把(ba)等組成，其主要功(gong)能(neng)(neng)具有(you)無(wu)級調速(su)、剎車斷(duan)電保護(hu)(hu)、欠壓(ya)保護(hu)(hu)和過流保護(hu)(hu)等功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)按輸出插(cha)(cha)頭分類有(you)蓮花插(cha)(cha)頭式、普通電腦(nao)插(cha)(cha)頭式、特制(zhi)電腦(nao)插(cha)(cha)頭式。按充(chong)(chong)(chong)電性(xing)能分類為(wei)(wei)普通在(zai)線(xian)維護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)、快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)在(zai)線(xian)維護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)。按充(chong)(chong)(chong)電電壓分類為(wei)(wei)24V、36V、48V。