一.產(chan)品(pin)介紹
梧桐(tong)河(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)是(shi)三(san)(san)面環水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)沼澤地,耕地絕大(da)部分的(de)(de)草(cao)碳(tan)土(tu)是(shi)理想的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)壤。農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)歷(li)了(le)三(san)(san)個階(jie)段。第(di)(di)一(yi)階(jie)段:上(shang)世紀20年代(dai)(dai)初(chu),朝鮮族移(yi)民因發現(xian)本地土(tu)質(zhi)肥(fei)沃,地勢平坦,適于(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),便開始小規(gui)模(mo)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。抗戰前期(qi)日本開拓(tuo)團又在此種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),在朝鮮人開荒的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang),興修(xiu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利,擴大(da)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積,并成(cheng)立(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)公司。第(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)段:上(shang)世紀50年代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)建場(chang)(chang)后開始大(da)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),并且培(pei)育出(chu)了(le)自己的(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)梧農(nong)(nong)七一(yi),合江19,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逐(zhu)步形成(cheng)規(gui)模(mo)化、規(gui)范化。由于(yu)得天獨厚的(de)(de)自然(ran)條件,梧桐(tong)河(he)(he)生產的(de)(de)大(da)米以口味芳香名貫三(san)(san)江,梧桐(tong)河(he)(he)被(bei)譽為三(san)(san)江平原的(de)(de)“魚米之鄉”。第(di)(di)三(san)(san)階(jie)段:上(shang)世紀90年代(dai)(dai)中期(qi)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)實行水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)大(da)開發,擴大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積,大(da)力推廣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)寒地栽培(pei)技術,使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)產量由建場(chang)(chang)初(chu)期(qi)的(de)(de)100斤(jin)/畝(mu)達(da)到1280斤(jin)/畝(mu),經(jing)濟效益顯(xian)著提高。進(jin)(jin)入21世紀,梧桐(tong)河(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)與(yu)時俱進(jin)(jin),結合自身優(you)(you)勢,率先提出(chu)“引自然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、施農(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)、種(zhong)(zhong)有機稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、產優(you)(you)質(zhi)米”的(de)(de)發展思(si)路(lu),力爭把(ba)梧桐(tong)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)產業做(zuo)大(da)、做(zuo)強、做(zuo)實。
二(er).自(zi)然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地貌(mao)情(qing)況(kuang):梧桐河農場土(tu)壤(rang)可分(fen)五大類:草甸土(tu)1.6公萬頃(qing),沼澤土(tu)1000多公頃(qing),棕壤(rang)土(tu)5000多公頃(qing),水稻土(tu)3000多公頃(qing),白(bai)漿土(tu)近10000公頃(qing)。土(tu)壤(rang)PH值在6.0-6.5之間。土(tu)壤(rang)肥力(li)狀1況(kuang)中等(deng)。有機(ji)質含(han)量3.5-4.0%之間。
2、水(shui)文情況:梧(wu)(wu)桐河(he)農(nong)(nong)場境內主要有梧(wu)(wu)桐河(he)、松(song)花江、嘟(du)嚕河(he)、鶴立河(he)。還有小(xiao)型水(shui)庫1座(zuo)。梧(wu)(wu)桐河(he)水(shui)發源于小(xiao)興安嶺南麓,流經梧(wu)(wu)桐河(he)農(nong)(nong)場13.5公里,全年流量8.3億立方(fang)米(mi),沿途無污染,水(shui)質(zhi)清澈、純凈、水(shui)溫高,是(shi)理想的農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產用(yong)水(shui)。
3、氣(qi)候情況:梧桐河農(nong)場四季(ji)分明(ming),屬(shu)于亞熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候。春季(ji)干旱(han)多雨(yu),日照充足,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大;冬季(ji)寒冷多雪(xue),氣(qi)候干燥。氣(qi)候平均(jun)(jun)積溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)2520℃,無霜(shuang)期(qi)111天(tian)(tian)(tian)至(zhi)142天(tian)(tian)(tian),80%保證率(lv)在(zai)120天(tian)(tian)(tian)至(zhi)130天(tian)(tian)(tian),最高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)35.6℃,最低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-41.2℃。年平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)554毫(hao)米左右,集中(zhong)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)一般在(zai)夏(xia)季(ji)6-8月(yue),約占全年降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)60%,從降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)來看,有明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)干季(ji)與濕(shi)季(ji)之分,是(shi)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)大陸性(xing)氣(qi)候的(de)主要特征之一。年平均(jun)(jun)日照時(shi)數2500小時(shi),太陽輻射(she)年總量(liang)(liang)136.7kcal/平方厘米.全年盛行西北風和南風,年平均(jun)(jun)風速為4.3m/s.初霜(shuang)平均(jun)(jun)在(zai)10月(yue)中(zhong)旬,終霜(shuang)平均(jun)(jun)在(zai)4月(yue)上(shang)旬,平均(jun)(jun)無霜(shuang)期(qi)132天(tian)(tian)(tian)。梧桐河農(nong)場作物生長季(ji)節(jie)日照充沛,雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)適中(zhong),熱量(liang)(liang)條件可滿足水稻生長。
三.地域范圍
梧(wu)桐(tong)(tong)河(he)(he)大米產于(yu)黑龍(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)梧(wu)桐(tong)(tong)河(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)。梧(wu)桐(tong)(tong)河(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)位于(yu)黑龍(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)東(dong)部,地(di)理坐標130°31′~131°59′,北緯47°12′~47°20′,東(dong)西長32公里,南(nan)北長12公里。農(nong)(nong)場(chang)地(di)形(xing)的總趨勢是自(zi)西向東(dong)傾斜,崗坡地(di)占10%,漫(man)崗地(di)占15%。農(nong)(nong)場(chang)為沉降的三(san)江(jiang)(jiang)平原,海拔70~75m,地(di)面坡角1/5000,地(di)勢低平。低洼處常年積水(shui)形(xing)成(cheng)濕地(di)、沼澤地(di)。場(chang)址東(dong)至(zhi)嘟(du)嚕(lu)河(he)(he),與普陽(yang)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)接壤,南(nan)至(zhi)松花江(jiang)(jiang)北岸(an),西與新華農(nong)(nong)場(chang)毗鄰,土地(di)面積32067公頃(qing),其中(zhong)耕地(di)12327公頃(qing),林地(di)1122公頃(qing),牧地(di)草原1978公頃(qing),水(shui)面3928公頃(qing)。水(shui)稻生產面積10400公頃(qing),年產量8萬余噸。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征(zheng)
1、外(wai)在感官特征(zheng):梧桐河大(da)米顆粒飽(bao)滿,晶(jing)瑩透亮,表皮(pi)黃色,脫皮(pi)后呈白色,質地松軟,口感適宜。
2、內在品(pin)質指(zhi)標:梧(wu)桐河大(da)米含蛋白(bai)質、糖(tang)(tang)類、鈣、磷、鐵、葡萄糖(tang)(tang)、果(guo)糖(tang)(tang)、維生素B1、維生素B2等,其(qi)中:直鏈淀粉大(da)于(yu)15%,膠稠度大(da)于(yu)66mm,蛋白(bai)質≥6,食(shi)味品(pin)質大(da)于(yu)80。
3、安全要求:梧桐河(he)大米嚴格執行《無公害(hai)食品(pin)大米》(NY5115-2008)標準(zhun)。
五.特(te)定生產方式
1、產(chan)地選(xuan)擇:梧(wu)(wu)桐(tong)(tong)河大(da)米(mi)產(chan)地環境質量必(bi)須(xu)符合NY 5116-2002的(de)要求。 2、品種選(xuan)擇:梧(wu)(wu)桐(tong)(tong)河大(da)米(mi)選(xuan)用(yong)經審訂推廣的(de),生育期(qi)適宜的(de),抗逆性(xing)強(qiang)的(de)高(gao)產(chan)品種,主要選(xuan)用(yong)空育131品種。
3、生產(chan)過(guo)程管理:梧桐河(he)(he)大米生產(chan)過(guo)程必須嚴格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)《梧桐河(he)(he)大米生產(chan)操作規則》操作。生產(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)農藥使(shi)用要符(fu)合GB/T8321農藥合理使(shi)用標(biao)準,GB 4285農藥安全使(shi)用規定標(biao)準。
4、產品(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)及(ji)產后(hou)處理:梧桐(tong)河大米人工(gong)和(he)機械收(shou)獲(huo)在(zai)穗黃、葉落時,成熟度達到(dao)85%-90%時進行;要求(qiu)不同品(pin)種單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)收(shou)割、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)運輸、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)脫(tuo)粒、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)貯藏(zang)、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)加工(gong)、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)包裝,防止與(yu)普通大米混雜。收(shou)割時,割茬要低,一般(ban)距地(di)面5cm-5cm,損失(shi)率小(xiao)于(yu)1%.割后(hou)曬5-7d,要及(ji)時打場(chang)脫(tuo)粒。脫(tuo)粒后(hou),進行揚場(chang)或機械清(qing)(qing)選。要求(qiu)統一分級過篩,清(qing)(qing)除雜質和(he)癟稻,達到(dao)粒度均一,破碎率小(xiao)于(yu)2%,雜質小(xiao)于(yu)1%,蟲蝕率小(xiao)于(yu)1%。清(qing)(qing)選后(hou)籽粒晾曬數日,以隆低含水(shui)量(liang),含水(shui)量(liang)小(xiao)于(yu)12.5%。
5、生(sheng)產記(ji)錄要求(qiu),梧桐河大米生(sheng)產的全(quan)過(guo)程,要建立田間(jian)生(sheng)產檔,全(quan)面記(ji)載并妥善保存,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定
梧(wu)桐河(he)(he)(he)大(da)米(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)加工企業,在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品包裝上使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)已(yi)獲登記(ji)的梧(wu)桐河(he)(he)(he)大(da)米(mi)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向(xiang)登記(ji)證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)持有人(ren)提出申(shen)請,并能(neng)夠嚴格按(an)照(zhao)規(gui)定的質(zhi)量(liang)技術規(gui)范(fan)組織開(kai)展生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營活動。同(tong)時,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營的梧(wu)桐河(he)(he)(he)大(da)米(mi)要(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)自(zi)登記(ji)確定的地域范(fan)圍(wei),并且(qie)經(jing)營者具有梧(wu)桐河(he)(he)(he)大(da)米(mi)市(shi)場開(kai)發經(jing)營能(neng)力(li)。使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)梧(wu)桐河(he)(he)(he)大(da)米(mi)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),應當按(an)照(zhao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營年度(du)與(yu)登記(ji)證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)持有人(ren)簽訂農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協議,在(zai)協議中載明使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的數量(liang)、范(fan)圍(wei)及相(xiang)關的責任義務(wu)。加貼標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)要(yao)(yao)統一采用(yong)(yong)(yong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品名稱和農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識相(xiang)結合的標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注方法(fa)(fa)。建(jian)(jian)立包裝標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)印刷審核備案制(zhi)度(du)和標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管理(li)制(zhi)度(du),加強標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)監督檢查(cha),嚴厲查(cha)處(chu)仿造、冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)、超(chao)范(fan)圍(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)等違法(fa)(fa)違規(gui)行(xing)為(wei),建(jian)(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)監管長效(xiao)機制(zhi)。