一.產品介紹
阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區自(zi)有(you)(you)史(shi)以來,當地(di)(di)牧民就有(you)(you)從事(shi)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)業的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong),距今(jin)已有(you)(you)300多(duo)年(nian)歷史(shi)。阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)型白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屬克什米(mi)爾絨(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)一支(zhi),是在阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)特定生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態條(tiao)件下,經(jing)長(chang)期自(zi)然選擇和人工培(pei)育(本品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選育)而形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)良種(zhong)(zhong)。1988年(nian)被(bei)自(zi)治區政府命(ming)名為(wei)(wei)內蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)——阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)型,是內蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)三(san)大(da)類(lei)型之(zhi)一,屬絨(rong)肉(rou)兼(jian)用(yong)型,以其(qi)絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)細(xi)柔(絨(rong)細(xi)度為(wei)(wei)13—15um)、光澤(ze)好等(deng)特性馳名中外,曾榮獲意大(da)利“柴格那(nei)”絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)獎(jiang)(jiang)和中國第(di)二屆農業博覽(lan)會金獎(jiang)(jiang)。在歷史(shi)上(shang)(shang),阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)被(bei)賜名為(wei)(wei)“軟黃金”,定為(wei)(wei)朝(chao)廷(ting)貢品(pin)(pin)(pin)。阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)族冬季服飾、被(bei)褥、毛(mao)(mao)氈、面袋、繩子及山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)高端產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)用(yong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)多(duo)以阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(毛(mao)(mao))制成(cheng)(cheng),因(yin)此(ci)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)花色品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣的(de)絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)制品(pin)(pin)(pin)、服飾文(wen)化(hua)(hua)。山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)、胡子可做狼(lang)毫、毛(mao)(mao)刷等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)品(pin)(pin)(pin),頭骨(gu)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)皮可做工藝飾品(pin)(pin)(pin)和紀念(nian)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)奶和羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)是當地(di)(di)傳(chuan)統(tong)飲(yin)食文(wen)化(hua)(hua)重要組成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)。當地(di)(di)牧民喜愛將羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)奶制成(cheng)(cheng)酸(suan)奶、奶酪、酥(su)油、奶皮、奶茶、奶酒(jiu)等(deng)食用(yong)。平日(ri)宴(yan)請則以手抓羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)為(wei)(wei)主,還(huan)有(you)(you)血腸、“古(gu)(gu)(gu)日(ri)勒岱(dai)”、“祖日(ri)木”、“夏日(ri)子”、干羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)餃子等(deng)。在傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)那(nei)達慕盛會上(shang)(shang)與白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養(yang)殖文(wen)化(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)密切聯(lian)系的(de)表演和活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)有(you)(you):搓毛(mao)(mao)繩、騸羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、種(zhong)(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)評比、宰羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(剝皮、洗(xi)雜碎、剔羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)骨(gu))比賽、撒羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)拐等(deng)內容(rong)。阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)族還(huan)保留著傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)祭羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong),它(ta)是一種(zhong)(zhong)集宗(zong)教(jiao)信仰(yang)、傳(chuan)統(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、人文(wen)思想(xiang)為(wei)(wei)一體的(de)民間活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong),分(fen)為(wei)(wei)祭公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和祭母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。
二.自(zi)然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
1、地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:阿拉善盟地(di)(di)形呈(cheng)南高北(bei)低狀平均海拔900—1400米,地(di)(di)貌類(lei)型(xing)有沙漠(mo)戈壁(bi)、山(shan)地(di)(di)、低山(shan)丘陵、湖盆(pen)、起伏(fu)灘地(di)(di)等。土壤受地(di)(di)貌及生物(wu)氣候條件影響,具有明顯的(de)地(di)(di)帶性(xing)分布特征,由東南向西北(bei)依次分布有灰鈣土、灰漠(mo)土、灰棕(zong)漠(mo)土。在盆(pen)湖和(he)(he)低洼地(di)(di)區(qu)有鹽堿土和(he)(he)沼澤土。著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)巴丹(dan)吉林(lin)、騰格里、烏蘭布和(he)(he)三大(da)沙漠(mo)橫貫全境,陰山(shan)余(yu)脈與大(da)片(pian)沙漠(mo)、起伏(fu)灘地(di)(di)、剝蝕(shi)殘丘相間分布。
2、水(shui)文情況:黃河流(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)阿(a)拉善左(zuo)旗的(de)烏(wu)素圖、巴彥(yan)木(mu)仁(ren)蘇木(mu),在(zai)(zai)境(jing)內(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程達85公(gong)(gong)里(li),年入境(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量300多(duo)(duo)億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米。額濟納河是盟(meng)內(nei)唯(wei)一的(de)季(ji)節性內(nei)陸河流(liu)(liu)(liu),發(fa)源于祁連山北麓,流(liu)(liu)(liu)至巴彥(yan)寶格德水(shui)閘分二(er)支。西為(wei)木(mu)仁(ren)高勒,注入西居延(yan)海;東為(wei)鄂木(mu)訥高勒,夏季(ji)分數支,注入東居延(yan)海、京(jing)斯田淖爾和沙日淖爾。額濟納河在(zai)(zai)盟(meng)境(jing)內(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程200多(duo)(duo)公(gong)(gong)里(li),年流(liu)(liu)(liu)量10億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米。賀(he)蘭山、雅布(bu)賴山,龍首山等山區(qu)許多(duo)(duo)沖溝中(zhong)一般(ban)有潛水(shui),有些山露成泉。在(zai)(zai)三大沙漠中(zhong)分布(bu)有大小不等的(de)湖盆(pen)500多(duo)(duo)個,面(mian)積約1.1萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li),其中(zhong)草(cao)地湖盆(pen)面(mian)積1.07萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li),集水(shui)湖面(mian)積400多(duo)(duo)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li),地表水(shui)礦化度1—2克(ke)/升。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:地(di)處亞洲(zhou)大陸(lu)(lu)腹地(di),為內陸(lu)(lu)高(gao)原,遠(yuan)離海洋,周圍(wei)群(qun)山(shan)環抱,形(xing)成典型(xing)的(de)(de)大陸(lu)(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)候(hou),氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件惡劣(lie)。干旱少雨、風(feng)大沙多,四季氣(qi)候(hou)特征明顯(xian),晝夜(ye)溫差大。年平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫6-8.5℃,1月(yue)(yue)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫-9—14℃。極端(duan)最低氣(qi)溫-36.4℃;7月(yue)(yue)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫22—26.4℃,極端(duan)最高(gao)氣(qi)溫41.7℃。年平均(jun)(jun)(jun)無霜期(qi)130-165天(tian)。由(you)于受東南季風(feng)影響,雨季多集中在七、八、九月(yue)(yue)。降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)從東南部(bu)的(de)(de)200多毫米(mi)(mi),向西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)遞減(jian)至40毫米(mi)(mi)以下;而蒸發(fa)量(liang)(liang)由(you)東南部(bu)的(de)(de)2400毫米(mi)(mi)向西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)遞增(zeng)到4200毫米(mi)(mi)。年日照時(shi)數達2600-3500小時(shi),年太陽總輻射量(liang)(liang)147-165千(qian)(qian)卡(ka)/千(qian)(qian)方(fang)厘米(mi)(mi)。多西北(bei)(bei)風(feng),平均(jun)(jun)(jun)風(feng)速每秒2.9—5米(mi)(mi),年均(jun)(jun)(jun)風(feng)日70天(tian)左右(you)。在這種(zhong)典型(xing)的(de)(de)荒漠草原地(di)理環境(jing)中經過自然選擇(ze)和演化,形(xing)成了獨特的(de)(de)阿拉善白(bai)絨山(shan)羊(yang)適應性(xing)和種(zhong)質類型(xing)。
三.地域范圍
阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)白(bai)絨山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)主(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)自于內蒙(meng)古自治區最(zui)西(xi)端(duan)阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)盟(meng),地(di)域保護范圍包括阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)左旗、阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)右旗、額(e)濟(ji)納旗等三個(ge)現轄行政區域。包括巴(ba)彥(yan)浩特鎮(zhen)、額(e)肯(ken)呼都格鎮(zhen)、達來(lai)庫布(bu)鎮(zhen)等23個(ge)蘇木鎮(zhen)。盟(meng)境(jing)西(xi)與(yu)甘肅(su)省(sheng)酒(jiu)泉市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、張掖市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金(jin)昌市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、武威市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)銀(yin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相連(lian),東南(nan)隔賀蘭(lan)山(shan)(shan)與(yu)寧夏(xia)回族(zu)自治區中衛市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、吳忠市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、銀(yin)川(chuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石嘴(zui)山(shan)(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相望,東北(bei)與(yu)巴(ba)彥(yan)淖爾市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、烏海市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鄂(e)爾多斯市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接壤,北(bei)與(yu)蒙(meng)古國交(jiao)界(jie)。地(di)理坐(zuo)標:東經(jing)97°10′—106°52′,北(bei)緯37°21′—42°47′之間,總面積(ji)27萬平(ping)方公里。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外貌特征:阿拉善白絨山羊體(ti)(ti)軀結構勻稱,骨骼結實(shi),四肢(zhi)強健有(you)(you)力,公(gong)母(mu)羊均有(you)(you)角,額部有(you)(you)半彎形粗(cu)毛(mao),須長頸(jing)粗(cu),體(ti)(ti)形長方,全身(shen)被毛(mao)純白,分內外兩層,外層為有(you)(you)髓粗(cu)毛(mao),長10—30厘(li)(li)米,內層為無髓絨毛(mao),自然厚度4—5厘(li)(li)米,絨毛(mao)與粗(cu)毛(mao)混生,腰毛(mao)較短。公(gong)羊體(ti)(ti)重45公(gong)斤,母(mu)羊體(ti)(ti)重35公(gong)斤。
2、品(pin)種適(shi)應性:阿拉善(shan)白絨(rong)山(shan)羊體質結實,抗旱抗病(bing)能力強,耐(nai)(nai)粗飼、耐(nai)(nai)鹽(yan)堿、耐(nai)(nai)酷(ku)暑嚴寒,在自然(ran)狀態(tai)下適(shi)應范(fan)圍廣,通(tong)過長期進化(hua),具備(bei)了穩定的生態(tai)性。
3、肉內在(zai)(zai)品(pin)質(zhi):阿拉善白(bai)絨山羊肉具有(you)香味濃郁的(de)特點、鮮嫩多汁、無膻味、肥而不膩(ni)、色澤(ze)鮮美、肉層厚(hou)實(shi)緊(jin)湊。鮮羊肉外(wai)表(biao)微干(gan)(gan)或(huo)有(you)風(feng)干(gan)(gan)膜、不粘(zhan)手,肌肉色澤(ze)鮮紅或(huo)深紅、有(you)光(guang)澤(ze)、脂肪呈乳(ru)白(bai)色,肌纖維致(zhi)密、堅實(shi)、有(you)彈性、指(zhi)壓(ya)后的(de)凹陷(xian)立即(ji)恢復;凍羊肉外(wai)表(biao)微干(gan)(gan)或(huo)有(you)風(feng)干(gan)(gan)膜、或(huo)濕(shi)潤、不粘(zhan)手,肌肉有(you)光(guang)澤(ze)、色鮮艷,肉質(zhi)緊(jin)密,有(you)堅實(shi)感(gan)、肌纖維韌性強。脂肪呈乳(ru)白(bai)色。每百克鮮羊肉中蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含量(liang)高于16.00%,脂肪含量(liang)在(zai)(zai)3.00%左右,富含17種氨基酸,總氨基酸含量(liang)在(zai)(zai)29.62%左右。